Delhi National Capital Region Research Articles

Purchase intention toward E-pharmacy: the consumption value perspective

Purpose This study aims to examine consumer purchase behavior towards E-pharmacy from a consumption value perspective. For this purpose, the influence of consumption values on consumer purchase intention is evaluated. Further, the role of consumer involvement in online purchase setup in the context of E-pharmacy is observed using moderation analysis. Design/methodology/approach The study used a cross-sectional survey design, wherein the respondents in the Delhi-National Capital Region of India were approached using a purposive sampling method. Responses received through the structured questionnaire were subjected to analysis using Smart PLS Version 4.0.9.6. Findings Results indicate a significant influence of functional (partial), emotional, social and conditional values on consumers’ purchase intention. Moreover, the moderation effect of consumer online involvement is seen in functional value (partial) and emotional value–purchase intention relationships. Research limitations/implications This study reinforces the use of the consumption value perspective to explain consumer purchase behavior toward information system (IS)-based platforms such as E-pharmacy. Some of the results, in this context, that did not establish significant relationships between a given form of consumption values and purchase intention, open up the possibilities of retesting the said relationships in the future. The researchers would realize the benefit of such examinations, as the E-pharmacy sector further evolves and matures in the future. Further, the successful establishment of a significant moderating role of consumer online involvement in certain consumption value-purchase intention relationships such as safety, perceived convenience and comfort value paves the way for future researchers to explore consumer online involvement for a similar role in IS research. Practical implications This study provides cues for E-pharmacy marketers to focus on enhancing product safety, usage comfort, users’ social image and awareness toward health consciousness that will help build purchase intention and assist in overcoming the challenges in the long run. It further suggests that marketers should have a strong re-look at forming price value perceptions and they must enhance the interactive features of the company’s mobile apps/websites with the help of the emerging artificial intelligence tools to re-orient the epistemic value and perceived convenience value toward E-pharmacy services. Furthermore, this study recommends following digital marketing practices to increase consumer online involvement, which would help strengthen perceived convenience formation that would otherwise be difficult to attain for E-pharmacy consumers. Originality/value This study provides novel insight into consumer purchase intention evaluation through the consumption value perspective in an emerging E-pharmacy market. The consumption value frame of reference helps to understand consumers’ buying rationale that affects their buying behavior beyond the initial adoption. Further, the moderation analysis of consumer online involvement provides an additional dimension to understanding consumer buying behavior concerning E-pharmacy.

Decoding tourist perceptions and behavioral intentions to use electric vehicles for sustainable tourism with the lens of technology continuance theory

Purpose This study aims to explore tourist perceptions and behaviors toward electric vehicles (EVs) in the Delhi National Capital Region using the technology continuance theory. Design/methodology/approach An online survey involving 226 respondents uses structural equation modeling to analyze correlations among factors, including perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, ease of use, satisfaction, cost, image and performance. Findings This study reveals that enhancing perceived enjoyment and facilitating conditions can improve the user-friendliness of EVs. Additionally, reducing perceived cost, enhancing image and improving perceived performance can increase the perceived usefulness of EVs. Perceived ease of use strongly influences user satisfaction, while perceived usefulness and satisfaction positively impact users’ attitudes and intentions to use EVs. Although factors such as experience, environmental consciousness, age and gender influence perceptions, focusing on enjoyment, facilitating conditions, cost, image and performance can significantly enhance user satisfaction and intention to use EVs. Research limitations/implications The findings underscore several actionable recommendations for businesses and policymakers to boost EV adoption at tourist destinations. The potential benefits of EV adoption, such as improved environmental sustainability, enhanced technological image and increased tourist satisfaction, can serve as a source of inspiration and motivation. Enhancing user experience by prioritizing comfort and convenience in EV design is crucial. Addressing cost concerns through incentives and cost-effective pricing strategies can make EVs more appealing. Marketing campaigns highlighting environmental benefits and technological advancements can improve EV image and performance perception. Prioritizing tourists’ satisfaction and support services is essential, along with educational campaigns to increase awareness. Infrastructure development, including expanding charging networks, and supportive policies like tax incentives, can further encourage EVs adoption, accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation. Originality/value This research contributes to understanding tourist perspectives on EV adoption within the context of sustainable tourism and technology adoption.

Assessing individuals’ attitude and behavioural intention to use dietary and fitness mobile applications: evidence from India

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the determinants of individuals’ attitude (ATT) and behavioural intention (BI) to use dietary and fitness mobile apps in the context of India. Design/methodology/approach The present study develops a conceptual model by incorporating additional variables such as health consciousness (HC), perceived trust (PT), social influence (SI) and personal innovativeness (PI) into the original technology acceptance model (TAM). These constructs were extracted from existing theories and literature on technology adoption, individuals’ health beliefs and personality traits. The conceptual model has been empirically tested and validated by applying structural equation modelling using STATA version 15. The data was collected from both potential and actual users of dietary and fitness mobile apps through a structured questionnaire, both online and manually. Following a convenience sampling approach, a total of 450 respondents from Delhi national capital region (NCR) were contacted, of which 264 valid responses were considered for final analysis. Findings The results revealed that of all the factors predicting individuals’ “attitude” towards the use of dietary and fitness apps, perceived usefulness was found to be the most significant followed by PI and PT. Similarly, behavioural “intention to use” was most strongly determined by an individual’s attitude towards the usage of dietary and fitness apps followed by SI. Practical implications Findings of the study offer meaningful insights and implications for academics and practitioners. Mobile app developers and service providers can gain an understanding of the consumer’s behaviour towards adoption of dietary and fitness apps and improve the app’s utility, service quality, interface and features in view of the empirically validated determinants of such behaviour. Furthermore, it is essential for the service providers to undertake promotional efforts to not only create awareness of the availability of such apps but also at the same time educate people on the needs, functionalities and utilities they offer. Also, to gain a wider acceptance of the apps, focus on more communication and gamification/ entertainment features is required. Originality/value This study adds value by identifying the factors from varied perspectives (technical, social, health and personal) impacting individuals’ attitude and BI to use an innovative health intervention i.e. dietary and fitness mobile apps in a developing economy. Furthermore, the study proved the robustness of extended TAM in the area of healthcare. Lastly, this paper is among the few papers in the Indian context that assessed the adoption of dietary and fitness mobile apps.

Unveiling the ecological landscape of bacterial β-lactam resistance in Delhi-national capital region, India: An emerging health concern

Inappropriate antibiotic use not only amplifies the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), moreover exacerbates the spread of resistant bacterial strains and genes in the environment, underscoring the critical need for effective research and interventions. Our aim is to assess the prevalence and resistance characteristics of β-lactam resistant bacteria (BLRB) and β-lactamase resistant bacterial genes (BLRBGs) under various environmental conditions within Delhi NCR, India. Using a culture-dependent method, we isolated 130 BLRB from 75 different environmental samples, including lakes, ponds, the Yamuna River, agricultural soil, aquatic weeds, drains, dumping yards, STPs, and gaushalas. Tests for antibiotic susceptibility were conducted in addition to phenotypic and genotypic identification of BLs and integron genes. The water and sediment samples recorded an average bacterial abundance of 3.6 × 106 CFU/mL and an average ampicillin-resistant bacterial count of 2.2 × 106 CFU/mL, which can be considered a potent reservoir of BLRB and BLRBGs. The majority of the BLRB discovered are opportunistic pathogens from the Bacillus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Escherichia, and Klebsiella genera, with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ≥0.2 against a wide variety of β-lactams and β-lactamase (BLs) inhibitor combinations. The antibiotic resistance pattern was similar in the case of bacteria isolated from STPs. Meanwhile, bacteria isolated from other sources were diverse in their antibiotic resistance profile. Interestingly, we discovered that 10 isolates of various origins produce both Extended Spectrum BLs and Metallo BLs, as well as found harboring blaTEM, blaCTX, blaOXA, blaSHV, int-1, and int-3 genes. Enterobacter cloacae (S50/A), a common nosocomial pathogen isolated from Yamuna River sediment samples at Nizamuddin point, possesses three BLRBGs (blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaOXA) and a MAR index of 1.0, which is a major cause for concern. Therefore, identifying the source, origin and dissemination of BLRB and BLRGs in the environment is of the utmost importance for designing effective mitigation approaches to reduce a load of antimicrobial resistance factors in the environmental settings.

Study of Factors involved in smartphone brand preferences in Delhi NCR

Smartphone usage is rapidly increasing in today's society due to their diverse functionalities, effectively serving as portable substitutes for laptops, while also offering calling capabilities. We conducted a study to explore consumer preferences regarding smartphones in the Delhi NCR regions.This study delves into the factors driving smartphone brand preferences among young consumers in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR). Through this study we investigated user familiarity with smartphones, brand preferences, and the key factors influencing purchasing decisions. Additionally, we delved into consumer preferences regarding smartphone specifications such as design, multimedia features, operating platform, and price points. This research, encompassing 26 including both students and working individuals, employs various statistical tests like correlation and cross-tabulation. The findings from this study are expected to provide valuable guidance for smartphone companies in developing marketing strategies tailored to meet consumer preferences. Keywords: stress, students, stress management.

Financial Inclusion—A Study of Informal Workers from Delhi NCR

Financial inclusion is a process of providing financial services to everyone at an affordable cost, particularly to weaker sections and low-income groups. The study analyses the level of awareness, usage of banking services and other financial benefits and explores the hindrances to financial inclusion faced by the informal workers in Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). An empirical survey is done, and 760 responses are evaluated to understand the level of financial inclusion using correlation, logit regression analysis, etc. Findings of the study indicate that level of financial awareness and inclusion increase with age, education and income for fixed salary workers. Major hindrances to financial inclusion are lack of savings for using financial services, lack of necessary documentation and lack of trust in the formal banking system. Therefore, the government needs to make more efforts to reach out to the urban poor and informal workers for all-around inclusiveness. JEL Codes: D14, E26, G2, J46, O1

A Study of Women Employees' Job Satisfaction in the Telecom Sector with Special Reference to Delhi NCR

This research paper investigates the job satisfaction levels among women employees in the telecom sector, focusing particularly on the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). Job satisfaction is a critical factor influencing employee performance, retention, and overall organizational success. Given the growing importance of gender diversity and inclusion in the workforce, understanding the job satisfaction levels of women employees is essential for fostering a conducive work environment. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to comprehensively explore various factors affecting job satisfaction among women in the telecom sector. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for organizations to enhance gender diversity and foster a more inclusive workplace culture.

A Prospective Study of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19), leading to higher morbidity and mortality. There is little prospective data from India regarding the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of AKI in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively in adult patients between September and December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in the national capital region of Delhi. A total of 856 patients with COVID-19 infection were enrolled in the study. Survivors were followed for 3 months after discharge. Results: Out of 856 patients, 207 (24%) developed AKI. AKI was significantly higher in those with severe disease as compared to mild-moderate disease (88% vs. 12%, P = 0.04). Out of all AKI, 3.4% had stage 1, 9.2% had stage 2, and the rest 87.4% had stage 3 AKI. 183/207 (88%) patients were on mechanical ventilators, 133 (64%) required inotropic support, and 137/207 (83.6%) patients required kidney replacement therapy. Out of 207 AKI patients, 74% (153) died as compared to 4% (27) in non-AKI group (P = 0.0001). After 3 months, chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 10/54 (18.5%) patients. On multivariable analysis, the presence of diabetes mellitus, severe COVID-19 disease, high levels of C reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-Dimer, and use of intravenous steroids, tocilizumab and remdesivir, were found to be significant predictors of AKI. Conclusion: AKI is common after COVID-19 infection and it is a significant risk factor for mortality in COVID-19. Patients with diabetes and high levels of inflammatory markers have higher mortality. CKD may develop in many patients after discharge.

Study of climate literacy and pro-environmental behavior amongst students

This research examines the role of effort at the school level in ensuring climate literacy and the influence of climate literacy on the environmental behavior of children. Literature has shown that pro-environmental behavior is mediated by hope and despair amongst the children. An attempt has been made to study the same. Also, the role of climate literacy in inducing indoor generation behavior was studied. The research is based on a questionnaire developed to measure the constructs (Efforts at the school level, hope, despair, climate literacy, pro-environmental behavior, and indoor generation behavior). The questionnaires were used to survey 477 students of the middle and high-level schools in Delhi National Capital Region (DelhiNCR), India. CB -Structural Equation modeling was used to study the influence and significance of the relationships. The research revealed that climate literacy, positively and significantly influenced proenvironmental behavior, while it wasn’t positively influencing indoor generation behavior. Hope was been found to positively mediate pro-environmental behavior. This research is one of its kind and explored the psychological and behavioral implications of climate literacy amongst school students.

A Geospatial Approach to Mapping and Monitoring Real Estate-Induced Urban Expansion in the National Capital Region of Delhi

A Geospatial Approach to Mapping and Monitoring Real Estate-Induced Urban Expansion in the National Capital Region of Delhi

Exploration and Profiling of Potential Thermo-alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis and Burkholderia sp. from varied Soil of Delhi region, India and their Plant Growth-Promoting Traits

Soilless cultivation has emerged as a fundamental alternative for large-scale vegetable production because it generates high-quality yields and uses resources efficiently. While plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to enhance growth and physiological aspects in crops grown in soil, their application in soilless cultivation has been relatively less explored. This study aimed to isolate potential PGPBs from soil samples collected from five locations in and around the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR), India, which were further screened for significant PGPB attributes. Among these, 51 isolated were selected for assessing the impact on Oryza sativa (rice) growth and yield grown on a hydroponic set. The results indicated that isolates AFSI16 and ACSI02 significantly improved the physiological parameters of the plants. For instance, treatment with AFSI16 showed a 23.27% increase in maximum fresh shoot mass, while ACSI02 resulted in a 46.8% increase in root fresh mass. Additionally, ACSI02 exhibited the highest shoot length (34.07%), whereas AFSI16 exhibited the longest root length (46.08%) in O.sativa. Treatment with AFSI16 also led to significant increases in total protein content (4.94%) and chlorophyll content (23.44%), while ACSI02 treatment showed a 13.48% increase in maximum carotenoid content in the leaves. The potential PGPBs were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing, as the two most effective strains, AFSI16 and ACSI02, belonged to thermo-alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis and Burkholderia sp., respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of these identified PGPB strains in enhancing crop performance, specifically in soilless cultivation systems.

Labour segmentation in NCR Delhi’s automobile sector: a political response of capital to labour struggles

This paper aims to understand the changing dynamics of internal labour market segmentation intertwined with the history of working-class struggle in an industrial belt in India’s National Capital Region (NCR). Nuances of workers’ class struggle in the automobile sector in Delhi-NCR over the last 15 years have shown that unity between permanent and contract workers was key to several successful struggles against worsening work conditions and management control within the global value chains of automobile production. Our fieldwork findings, along with direct and indirect political engagement in the region, reveal that increasing salaries and allotment of supervisory roles to small sections of permanent workers, coupled with the simultaneous fragmentation a lower strata of workers into multiple categories with very low salaries, benefits and heavy workloads, have been significant attempts by capital to break class solidarity among different sections of workers. Relatively pro-labour legislation and trade unions tend to concentrate in high-wage zones, while low-wage and precarious employment remains unprotected by such institutional mechanisms. Labour segmentation is inherent to capitalist exploitation, guarded by institutional mechanisms. Advanced mechanisation reduces distinction of skill requirements between highly paid permanent and lowly paid contract workers. In this context, labour segmentation is a political response to trade unionism from the side of capitalist management.

Financial Literacy of Microentrepreneurs and its Effect on the Business Performance and Innovativeness: Empirical Evidence from India

Micro-entrepreneurs are the strategic assets of the nation, given their mammoth share in maintaining the socio-economic equilibrium and inclusive growth of the economy. Despite their contribution to India’s economy, they are still confronted with several on-ground hurdles, such as inadequate financial literacy among entrepreneurs, inaccessibility to affordable credit, financial mismanagement and lack of innovation. The extant literature has revealed that financial illiteracy and lack of innovation have raised pertinent concerns across the world, given the increasing rate of business failures. Nonetheless, the effect of financial literacy on organisational performance and innovativeness remains underexplored and fragmented. This study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy on the business performance and innovativeness of the micro-entrepreneurs in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) in India. Primary data were gathered from around 302 micro-entrepreneurs registered in Delhi-NCR through self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted through SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicated that financial literacy significantly impacts business performance and innovativeness among micro-entrepreneurs. Therefore, the study advocates wider participation of policymakers, financial service providers and managers in designing tailored strategies aimed to enhance the financial education of micro-entrepreneurs.

Burden of dog bite injuries and wound management practices to prevent rabies among dog owners.

Despite members of dog-owning families being at a higher risk of dog bites owing to their proximity to dogs in their household, there are hardly any studies from India which focus on the burden of dog bites among them and their rabies control and prevention practices. This study aimed to estimate the burden of dog bites among dog owners and their wound management practices to prevent rabies. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pet dog owners in a high-end housing society of National Capital Region of Delhi. A pre-tested and pre-validated schedule was used to collect data by consecutive sampling through community survey. Data were analyzed using R software. The incidence of dog bites and the status of rabies prevention practices adopted by the participants are presented as proportions. Chi-square test was applied to compare proportions. A total of 100 families were studied, which covered 355 family members. The incidence of dog bites in the past 1 year was found to be 44/355, 12.4% (95% confidence interval 9.2-16.3%). Pet dogs were responsible for 31/44 (70.5%) bites. Among 44 dog bite incidents, 30 (68.2%) reported taking any injection after the incident, and 10 (22.7%) reported receiving an anti-rabies vaccine. Only six out of 100 families reported at least one family member covered by rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis. The incidence of dog bites among the dog owners was high. The rabies pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis practices adopted by the participants were found to be inadequate.

Long-Term Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing and Anti-Receptor Binding Domain Antibodies among Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Delhi National Capital Region, India: A Prospective, One-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: This study was conducted with the objective of measuring the neutralizing and anti-receptor binding domain antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 among laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and exploring its long-term kinetics over a period of 1 year. Methods: One hundred laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were recruited. Serum samples of the participants were collected within three months from the date of the positive COVID-19 report. The participants were prospectively followed up every three months for symptoms and the collection of blood samples for three additional rounds. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies), anti-receptor binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD), and neutralizing antibodies were measured. Findings: Median plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers showed a rising trend in the first three rounds of follow-up. The quantitative anti-receptor binding domain ELISA (QRBD) values showed a declining trend in the initial three rounds. However, both the PRNT titers and QRBD values showed significantly higher values for the fourth round of follow-up. Total antibody (WANTAI) levels showed an increasing trend in the initial three rounds (statistically significant). Interpretation: Neutralizing antibodies showed an increasing trend. The anti-receptor binding domain antibodies showed a decreasing trend. Neutralizing antibodies and anti-RBD antibodies persisted in the majority.

Unravelling seismogenesis and characterizing the unique features of two significant felt earthquakes (M > 4.0) of 2020 in the southwestern parts of the Delhi region

Two significant earthquakes (M4.6 and 4.2) occurred close to a NE–SW-trending lineament in the southwestern part of the Delhi NCR (National Capital Region) within a short time span of about 5 months in 2020. These events were located to the north of the Alwar district in Rajasthan and generated a significant ground shaking in and around Delhi. In the present study, we tried to understand a causal relationship between the events and a nearby source in the region, geologically demarcated as the lineament. We analyzed the broadband waveform data from 26 seismic stations that recorded the recent events of 03 July 2020 (M4.6) and 17 December 2020 (M4.2). Typically, the epicentral area has been devoid of significant earthquakes since the past six decades; however, a few minor events (M < 4.0) have been recorded till date. Analysis of the earthquake database for two decades (2000–2022) revealed low seismicity (nearly quiescent-like situation) in ∼100 sq km area around the epicentral zone, unlike considerable seismicity along faults/lineaments close to the Delhi region. The full-waveform inversion analyses of the events indicate normal faulting with a minor strike–slip components. The source parameters, viz., source radius, stress drop, and seismic moment, were estimated to be 6 km, 166 bars, and 8.28E+15 Nm, respectively, for the 03 July 2020 event and 4 km, 138 bars, and 2.29E+15 Nm, respectively, for the 17 December 2020 event. The causative source of these events is ascertained based on the stress inversion modeling that indicated a NW–SE tensile stress corroborating well with the NE–SW-trending lineament mapped in the study region. The static Coulomb stress modeling indicated that the event which occurred on 3 July 2020 had advanced the triggering process of the event in the northeast segment of the same source that occurred on 17 December 2020. We further emphasize that the aforementioned lineament probably activated due to the regional tectonics of the study area. The causative source of these events with strike 48°, dip 86°, and rake −60° is found to be in the conformity with the local tectonics and is well-supplemented by a high stress ratio (0.70 ± 0.05) and low friction coefficient (0.5).

A SEM Approach to Assess M-Learning Intentions Among Students of Design: An Empirical Analysis Using the TRUTAUT Model

Aim/Purpose: This research aims to examine the mobile learning (m-learning) intentions of students pursuing design courses at graduate and undergraduate levels in higher education institutions in a developing country like India. This study integrated the Technology Readiness Index (TRI 2.0) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to examine students’ intentions. Background: Teaching-learning in design programs at institutions predominantly takes place in design studios. Studios are the place where the constant presence of the educator, along with peers, guides the students in all aspects of creative solutions. This interaction has been hindered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the last decade, m-learning has grown in popularity among professionals and students. However, the intentions of students pursuing design courses still need to be evaluated. Methodology: Using a quantitative approach, a survey of 334 graduate and postgraduate students was held in the National Capital Region of Delhi, India. The students were approached based on a convenience sampling strategy. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was carried out to test the formulated hypotheses. Contribution: This is one of the first studies that empirically measured m-learning intentions of design students in the Indian context using TRUTAUT scales. The study will motivate educators to identify and integrate online content into the design curriculum. This will also help eliminate students’ insecurity related to performance in online learning. Findings: The study found that the technology readiness (TRI) variables (optimism, innovativeness, and discomfort) had no significant relationship with the UTAUT variables. Design students also exhibited some insecurity about performance in their creative field, which is traditionally conducted face-to-face. But all variables of UTAUT had a significant influence, and the model explains 41% of the variance in m-learning intention. Recommendations for Practitioners: Teachers, as content creators in design education, need to suitably add online content to their subject that facilitates m-learning among students. Institutional administrators should provide adequate infrastructural facilities like stable internet connectivity, computer labs, and technical staff who can help the students with technical issues. Recommendation for Researchers: The outcome of this TRUTAUT research among design students can be studied in other developing countries to examine design students’ intention to adopt m-learning. Researchers can examine the effectiveness of learning through online platforms in design programs. Future Research: Future studies could improve the model by extending it appropriately and conducting a longitudinal study with interviews and focus group discussions. Also, including teachers’ opinions and attitudes toward online learning in design programs is worth exploring.

Vaccination status, awareness, and its correlates among healthcare workers in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR): a mixed-method study.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of infections. To safeguard HCWs from occupational exposure to infections and to curb nosocomial infection a set of vaccines has been recommended for them by the WHO. Hence, we aimed to assess the vaccination status, awareness, and its correlates amongst HCWs in the Delhi-NCR. The study used a cross-sectional mixed-method approach from January to April 2023. For the quantitative arm, a structured questionnaire was circulated to the participants in conveniently-selected private and government tertiary care hospitals of the Delhi-NCR, both through e-survey using Google form, and in person, data were collected on socio-demographics, vaccination status, and awareness. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis. For the qualitative arm, in-depth interviews were conducted and data were analyzed manually. Out of 387 participants (62.8% males, 37.2% females), the awareness about the vaccines recommended for HCWs was 64.1%. However, only 15.3% of HCWs were completely aware of all the recommended vaccines. SARS CoV-2, Polio, Hepatitis B, and BCG had the highest vaccination coverage, 97.4%, 87.9%, 83.7%, and 50.9%, respectively. It was found that gender, education, type (private or governmental) of tertiary care hospital, and profession had a significance (p<0.05) on the vaccination status score and awareness of all WHO-recommended vaccines (AOR=7.6, 95% CI, 3.24-18.0). The qualitative arm further augmented the findings. The study reveals insufficient awareness and vaccination status regarding recommended vaccines. Prioritizing the preparation of unified standard guidelines for Indian HCWs and involving concerned stakeholders is crucial.

Exposure of commuters to particulate matter for various modes of commuting in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR)

Exposure of commuters to particulate matter for various modes of commuting in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR)

Prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among patients attending AYUSH primary care settings in Delhi-National Capital Region, India

IntroductionIndia has a multifaceted healthcare system and recognizes complementary and alternative systems of medicine (AYUSH) that cater to the healthcare needs of people. Multimorbidity requires frequent visits to physicians and long-term use of medications, due to which people tend to prefer AYUSH systems as they provide holistic patient-centered treatment. Hence, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and assess its correlates among patients attending AYUSH primary care clinics in Delhi.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 943 patients aged ≥ 18 years attending various AYUSH primary care clinics in Delhi from September 2021 to February 2022, employing a stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and proportion were used to report the prevalence of multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions in an individual out of the 33 conditions listed as per the Multimorbidity Assessment Questionnaire for Primary Care). A multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between various socio-demographic characteristics and multimorbidity, presented as an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes (14.7%) was found to be the highest (out of all included chronic conditions) among the patients attending various AYUSH primary care settings. The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was observed to be around 39.4%. We observed a higher likelihood of having multimorbidity among participants aged ≥ 70 years [AOR: 9.19 (95% CI: 3.75–22.54)], females [AOR: 1.57 (95% CI: 1.04–2.37)], and middle class [AOR: 2.23 (95% CI: 1.45–3.43)].ConclusionMultimorbidity was evidently prevalent across AYUSH primary care settings, which cannot be overlooked. The results suggest behavioral change communication may be aimed at older individuals, females, and the middle class.