Deleterious Health Outcomes Research Articles

Weight Discrimination as a Predictor of Stress and Eating: The Role of Identifying as "Fat".

Weight discrimination is associated with deleterious health outcomes, including high stress and disordered eating. According to the rejection-identification model, people who perceive such group-based discrimination respond by identifying more strongly with their stigmatized group, which can attenuate negative consequences of discrimination. However, some research shows that these protective benefits may not exist in the weight domain. Here, we examined whether perceived weight discrimination predicts identifying as "fat," and whether that increased identification protects against negative consequences of discrimination for health. In a larger study, U.S. adults who reported considering themselves "to be overweight" (N = 1,725) reported on their perceived weight-based discrimination, fat-group identification, stress, and eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and restrained eating). We tested whether fat-group identification mediated the associations of perceived discrimination to stress and eating. Results showed that perceiving weight discrimination was associated with greater fat-group identification, which in turn was associated with more stress, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. These findings suggest that identifying as "fat" in the face of weight discrimination may not reduce subsequent stress or unhealthy eating patterns. As such, in contrast to prior research on the rejection-identification model that suggests identifying with one's group is protective for other identities, "fat" as an identity may not provide the same psychological and physical health benefits.

Teaching health disparities on the road: An experiential educational intervention for doctor of nursing practice students

AimThis analysis was conducted to understand the nuanced and underlying benefits and challenges of an experiential educational intervention for DNP students learning how neighborhoods and health disparities may be related. BackgroundPoor social and environmental conditions in many low-income urban neighborhoods are linked to deleterious health outcomes. Many of the structural and political influences are unknown to health providers, which can inhibit their understanding of the social effects on health. One aspect of a new DNP social determinants of health curriculum is a guided community bus tour in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods to enhance understanding of health disparities. DesignA concurrent mixed methods design, including comparison surveys and thematic analysis, was used to analyze student responses to the experiential educational intervention. MethodA community-based bus tour implemented in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods in an urban environment was the study focus. New DNP students (n=91) in a midwestern university introductory course agreed to provide feedback following an experiential learning activity. The analysis of responses to the educational intervention was completed using a systematic thematic analysis alongside descriptive statistics and paired t-tests in a convergent mixed methods analytical approach to answer the research aim. ResultsStudents expressed confidence in naming and addressing health disparities after the bus tour activity. Analysis showed: (a) A visual tour can impact new learning, (b) Policy can explain inequity and is new to students, (c) Students do not well articulate racial disparities and (d) Understanding racial history requires attention and conversation. ConclusionA community bus tour met our expectations for teaching DNP students concepts related to health disparities as it illustrated real-life situations in actual neighborhoods. However, there were unusual student responses that prompted us to reflect on the activity and consider improvements. More emphasis needs to be placed on cultural wealth and on discussion planning for such experiences. Our results lay the groundwork for curriculum development. Setting goals and targets in line with the 2022 CDC’s Core Health Equity Science and Implementation Strategy is essential.

EVALUATION OF LIPID PROFILE OF HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING MGBAKWU PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE, ANAMBRA STATE

Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. Serum lipid alteration is a pivotal factor that births hypertension during pregnancy and has been implicated in diverse deleterious health outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profiles of hypertensive pregnant women attending Mgbaukwu Primary Health Care (PHC) Centre. A total of 70 pregnant women who had consented were recruited to participate. While thirty five (35) pregnant women were hypertensive, the other remaining 35 pregnant women were not hypertensive (normotensive) and thus, were considered the control group. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were generated using structured questionnaire, while lipid profiles of the participants were determined using standard procedures. Results obtained from this study shows that 80% and 34.28% of the hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women respectively were within the age range of 32-37 years old, while 68.6% and 48.57% of the hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women respectively were traders and had completed only secondary school education. The value recorded on Total Cholesterol (TC) , Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglycerol (TG) in Hypertensive Pregnant Women (HYPW) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those reported for their normotensive counterparts. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that pregnant women who are within 32-37 years of age are prone to hypertension during pregnancy, while social determinants of health (SDOH) can support incidence of hypertension.

Socioeconomic inequalities in waiting times for breast cancer surgery.

Prompt access to cancer care is a policy priority in several OECD countries, because delayed access can exacerbate deleterious health outcomes. Access to care based on need remains a key pillar of publicly-funded health systems. This study tests for the presence of inequalities in waiting times by socioeconomic status for patients receiving breast cancer surgery (mastectomy or breast conserving surgery) in England using the Hospital Episode Statistics. We investigate separately the pre-COVID-19 period (April 2015-January 2020), and the COVID-19 period (February 2020-March 2022). We use linear regression models to study the association between waiting times and income deprivation measured at the patient's area of residence. We control for demographic factors, type and number of comorbidities, past emergency admissions and Healthcare Resource Groups, and supply-level factors through hospital fixed effects. In the pre-COVID-19 period, we do not find statistically significant associations between income deprivation in the patient's area of residence and waiting times for surgery. In the COVID-19 period, we find that patients living in the most deprived areas have longer waiting times by 0.7days (given a mean waiting time of 20.6days).

Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?

Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a widely adopted model, originally proposed by an International Olympic Committee (IOC) expert panel in 2014 and recently updated in an IOC 2023 consensus statement. The model describes how low energy availability (LEA) causes a wide range of deleterious health and performance outcomes in athletes. With increasing frequency, sports practitioners are diagnosing athletes with "REDs," or "REDs syndrome," based largely upon symptom presentation. The purpose of this review is not to "debunk" REDs but to challenge dogmas and encourage rigorous scientific processes. We critically discuss the REDs concept and existing empirical evidence available to support the model. The consensus (IOC 2023) is that energy availability, which is at the core of REDs syndrome, is impossible to measure accurately enough in the field, and therefore, the only way to diagnose an athlete with REDs appears to be by studying symptom presentation and risk factors. However, the symptoms are rather generic, and the causes likely multifactorial. Here we discuss that (1) it is very difficult to isolate the effects of LEA from other potential causes of the same symptoms (in the laboratory but even more so in the field); (2) the model is grounded in the idea that one factor causes symptoms rather than a combination of factors adding up to the etiology. For example, the model does not allow for high allostatic load (psychophysiological "wear and tear") to explain the symptoms; (3) the REDs diagnosis is by definition biased because one is trying to prove that the correct diagnosis is REDs, by excluding other potential causes (referred to as differential diagnosis, although a differential diagnosis is supposed to find the cause, not demonstrate that it is a pre-determined cause); (4) observational/cross-sectional studies have typically been short duration (< 7days) and do not address the long term "problematic LEA," as described in the IOC 2023 consensus statement; and (5) the evidence is not as convincing as it is sometimes believed to be (i.e., many practitioners believe REDs is well established). Very few studies can demonstrate causality between LEA and symptoms, most studies demonstrate associations and there is a worrying number of (narrative) reviews on the topic, relative to original research. Here we suggest that the athlete is best served by an unbiased approach that places health at the center, leaving open all possible explanations for the presented symptoms. Practitioners could use a checklist that addresses eight categories of potential causes and involve the relevant experts if and when needed. The Athlete Health and Readiness Checklist (AHaRC) we introduce here simply consists of tools that have already been developed by various expert/consensus statements to monitor and troubleshoot aspects of athlete health and performance issues. Isolating the purported effects of LEA from the myriad of other potential causes of REDs symptoms is experimentally challenging. This renders the REDs model somewhat immune to falsification and we may never definitively answer the question, "does REDssyndrome exist?" From a practical point of view, it is not necessary to isolate LEA as a cause because all potential areas of health and performance improvement should be identified and tackled.

Eating Around the Clock: Circadian Rhythms of Eating and Metabolism.

The time of day that we eat is increasingly recognized as contributing as importantly to overall health as the amount or quality of the food we eat. The endogenous circadian clock has evolved to promote intake at optimal times when an organism is intended to be awake and active, but electric lights and abundant food allow eating around the clock with deleterious health outcomes. In this review, we highlight literature pertaining to the effects of food timing on health, beginning with animal models and then translation into human experiments. We emphasize the pitfalls and opportunities that technological advances bring in bettering understanding of eating behaviors and their association with health and disease. There is great promise for restricting the timing of food intake both in clinical interventions and in public health campaigns for improving health via nonpharmacological therapies.

2249 Exploring the experiences of sedentary behaviour in older adults aged ≥ 75 years

Abstract Introduction Older adults are the fastest growing and most sedentary group in society. With sedentary behaviour associated with deleterious health outcomes, reducing sedentary time may improve overall well-being. Adults aged ≥75 years are underrepresented in sedentary behaviour research. This study aimed to qualitatively profile the sedentary behaviour of adults aged ≥75 years. This included ascertaining older adults’ understanding of sedentary behaviour; identifying the activities performed in sitting and standing and identifying the barriers and facilitators towards reducing sedentary time. Methods Four focus groups with community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years were held between October–December 2022. Audio recordings and workshop notes were transcribed verbatim and inductive and deductive thematic analyses were conducted. Results Six community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 83 were recruited. Group members were largely unaware of their sedentary behaviour, and the risk associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour. The activities performed in sitting and standing, and barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time were charted to the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B). Analytical themes explored sedentary behaviour throughout older adulthood, the influence of sedentary behaviour on sleep, and the importance of social connectedness to reduce sedentary time. Conclusions This study provided novel insights into older adults’ reports of sedentary behaviour progressing throughout older adulthood. Sedentary behaviour in adults aged ≥75 years present similarly to a younger subset of older adults with regards to the activities performed in sitting, and the barriers and facilitators to reducing their sedentary time. However, the activities performed in sitting may be performed for longer, and the barriers to reducing sedentary behaviour may present more frequently. Social support appears valuable when attempting to reduce sedentary time, however, further research is necessary to explore the views of older adults who are socially isolated.

Awareness of the potential consequences of alcohol consumption in the context of chronic pain and prescription opioid use

ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol and prescription opioid use are highly prevalent among chronic pain populations. One-fifth of individuals prescribed opioids report same-day use of alcohol and opioids. Alcohol use and alcohol/opioid co-use can have deleterious pain management and health outcomes. The extent to which individuals with chronic pain are aware of these deleterious outcomes is considerably understudied. Objectives: To explore individuals’ understanding of seven health- and pain-related risks of alcohol/alcohol-opioid use. An exploratory aim was to examine whether greater risk awareness was associated with alcohol/opioid use patterns. Methods: Participants included 261 adults age ≥21(36.4% women) endorsing current alcohol use, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and opioid prescription who completed an online survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results: Distribution of the total number of items for which a participant endorsed awareness was as follows: zero (10.7%), one (5.0%), two (13.0%), three (13.8%), four (13.8%), five (11.5%), six (10.0%), and seven items (22.2%). Awareness of the health consequences of alcohol/alcohol-opioid use was positively associated with opioid misuse behaviors (β = .525, ΔR2 = .251, p < .001), and higher-risk alcohol consumption (β = .152, ΔR2 = .021, p = .011). Conclusion: Many adults with chronic pain are unaware of the health consequences of alcohol/alcohol-opioid use. Findings of positive covariation between risk awareness and higher-risk alcohol/opioid use suggest that future interventions among this population should go beyond simple risk education and utilize motivational enhancement to help change decisional balance.

Household chaos and childhood obesity-related health outcomes.

Household chaos, defined as a lack of organization, structure, and predictability, has been linked to deleterious childhood health outcomes and may hinder attempts to initiate and maintain healthy lifestyle changes. This study examined the associations of household chaos and obesity-related health conditions in a sample of youth being treated for obesity. Participants were 715 patients (61.8% girls; Mage = 12.3 years; 68.7% non-Hispanic Black; M% of 95th BMI %-ile = 146.9%) enrolled in a pediatric weight management clinic. Caregiver report of household chaos was measured using the Confusion, Hubbub and Order Scale (CHAOS). Physiological obesity-related comorbidities (e.g., insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia) were assessed by a medical clinician and abstracted from electronic medical records; health conditions were dichotomized as present or not present. Psychological functioning was measured with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, a caregiver-completed mental health screen that assesses internalizing, externalizing, and attention concerns. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test differences in household chaos scores for each obesity-related health condition. Caregivers of youth diagnosed with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea reported significantly lower levels of household chaos, while caregivers who reported clinical levels of psychological dysfunction reported higher levels of chaos. Traditional management of childhood obesity requires changes across multiple health domains (e.g., dietary, exercise, sleep), and such change may be facilitated by structure and consistency. Present findings suggest that psychological resources within pediatric weight management settings should address individual patient-level factors associated with physiological and mental health as well as household functioning.

Addressing Substance Use in the Adolescent Transplant Population.

Adolescence is a unique period of physical and psychosocial changes as youth transition, over many years, to adulthood. The psychosocial changes that accompany adolescence include emotional separation from parents, greater influence of peer groups, an interest in self-identification and autonomy, and increased risk-taking behaviors. Substance use is a common form of risk-taking behavior in the adolescent developmental stage. Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis are the most common types of substances used in the United States. In the adolescent transplant population, rates of substance use appear to be at, or slightly below, their peer counterparts. Substance use can lead to deleterious health outcomes for adolescent transplant patients as a result of impaired decision-making, reduction in medication and clinic visit compliance, increases in mental health disorders, and risk for developing dependence and a substance use disorder. Given the close relationship that many pediatric transplant providers have with their patients and families, transplant care teams are in an excellent position to help their patients by addressing adolescent substance use. This narrative review describes how providers can use proactive standardized approaches to identify and intervene with substance use behavior.

Posttraumatic Stress and Opioid Use and Pain among Individuals with Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Self-Reported Chronic Pain: The Role of Health Literacy

Background Chronic pain and opioid misuse are a prevalent comorbidity with deleterious health outcomes. Growing work indicates that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can increase the risk for chronic pain and opioid misuse and dependence. However, there is little understanding of social determinants of health (SDoH) that may account for interrelations of PTSD with chronic pain and opioid misuse and dependence. Health literacy is one relevant SDoH construct, reflecting the ability to gather, process, and comprehend health-related information required to engage in a healthcare setting. Objective The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the indirect effect of health literacy in the association between PTSD and opioid misuse, opioid dependence, pain intensity, and pain disability. Method The sample included 142 adults (Mage = 35.2, SD = 9.9; 67.4% female; 70.1% White/Caucasian) with self-reported chronic pain and probable PTSD who were using opioid medication. Results Results demonstrated that PTSD symptom severity had a small indirect effect on opioid misuse and opioid dependence via health literacy; no indirect effects were evident for pain intensity and disability. Conclusion The present investigation provides evidence that health literacy may serve as an important explanatory factor in associations between PTSD symptom severity and opioid misuse and dependence among adults with co-occurring probable PTSD and chronic pain.

Barriers to Accessing and Engaging in HIV Preventive Care and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Experienced by Transgender Women in Florida.

PrEP, a biomedical HIV prevention option, continues to be underutilized among transgender women who could benefit from sustained use, especially women of color and those who identify as Latina and/or reside in the southeastern US. We explored the barriers and facilitators experienced by transgender women who live in Florida regarding accessing, using, and/or staying on PrEP. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted in either Spanish or English with adult transgender women living in Florida (N = 22). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded in ATLAS.ti using thematic analyses. The mean age of the participants was 42.2 years. Among the participants, 73% were Hispanic/Latina, 59% were foreign-born, and approximately one-third were living with HIV (but had past experience with PrEP). Transgender women cited the following barriers to accessing or considering PrEP: (1) costs and benefits of PrEP use; (2) under-representation in clinical trials resulting in unknown or misinformation regarding PrEP side effects; (3) chronic poverty; and (4) trauma and discrimination. Other stressors, such as behavioral healthcare needs, were identified. Our analysis revealed interlocking systems of oppression like transphobia, discrimination, and misgendering, which were common barriers experienced by our participants. These synergistically epidemic (i.e., syndemic) barriers contributed to their feelings of being systematically excluded in social spaces, research, public health planning and policies, laws, and social programs related to PrEP. These structural barriers are impediments to HIV preventive care but also act as a source of stress that contributes to mental health problems, financial vulnerability, substance abuse, and other deleterious health outcomes.

1717 Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Mixed Method Review

Abstract Introduction Sedentary behaviour has been associated with several deleterious health outcomes and older adults are the fastest-growing and most sedentary group in society. This review aimed to systematically review quantitative and qualitative studies examining interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This mixed-method systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021264954) considered quantitative articles (randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs), qualitative articles (semi-structured interviews and focus groups) and mixed-method studies that explored interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Cinahl, SportDiscus and PEDRO were searched from inception to March 2023. Articles were appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Quantitative evidence was meta-analysed, qualitative evidence was thematically synthesised and both were combined in a mixed-method synthesis. Results Forty-one studies (15 RCTs, 21 qualitative and 5 mixed-method studies) were included. Interventions were somewhat effective at reducing sedentary time (-29.10 mins/day, 95% CI -51.74, -6.46). Three analytical themes were identified (what sitting means to older adults, expectations of ageing and social influence in older adults). The mixed-method synthesis identified that existing interventions have been limited by a recruited sample that is not representative of the wider population of older adults, and outcome measurement and intervention content that is not consistent with older adults’ priorities. Conclusions Future research should focus on inclusive recruitment strategies to recruit under-represented populations (such as adults aged 75 years and above), incorporate outcome measures that are valued by older adults, and incorporate older adults’ preferences in intervention content.

1718 Co-Producing an Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Through Behaviour Change Theory

Abstract Background Older adults are the fastest-growing and most sedentary group in society. With sedentary behaviour associated with deleterious health outcomes, reducing sedentary time may improve overall well-being. Adults aged ≥75 years are underrepresented in sedentary behaviour research, and tailored strategies to reduce sedentary time may be warranted for this subset of older adults. The development of an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in adults aged ≥75 years using co-production and behaviour change theory is reported. Methods Four co-production workshops with community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years were held between October-December 2022. The intervention development process was informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Audio recordings and workshop notes were iteratively analysed, with findings used to inform subsequent workshops. Results The co-production group consisted of six community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years and two researchers. The developed intervention consists of four components (activity monitoring, educational material, group sessions and researcher follow-up), maps to 24 behaviour change techniques and targets barriers to reducing sedentary time. Participants were receptive of the co-production process. Conclusions Integrating co-production with the BCW can provide several benefits, with the BCW providing structure to the intervention development process, and co-production increasing the likelihood of the developed intervention being viewed as feasible by older adults. Furthermore, coding intervention components to the BCW may further our understanding of what approaches are successful or unsuccessful at influencing behavioural change. Transparent reporting of the intervention development process may benefit researchers developing interventions with older adults. Future research will pilot the co-produced intervention.

Supporting parents while their child is receiving neurocritical care

The post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) concept whereby the ICU experience of the patient as well as their family can have long-term deleterious health outcomes in both the patient and the family provides a rationale and impetus for modifying the ICU experience for the parents of patients receiving pediatric neurocritical care. This article uses the PICS framework to provide insight to that parental experience. Included are the words of parents who tell what they felt and what they most needed from their children's doctors while their children were receiving neurocritical care. Based on their and many other ICU parents’ advice and the PICS research, we identify a short list of specific steps the medical team can take immediately to support these parents.

Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Well-Being as a Mediator of Pandemic Stress

The relationship between COVID-19 stress and deleterious mental health outcomes is well documented worldwide. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the impact of COVID-related stress on 676 individuals’ mental health and well-being. Our sample was diverse in terms of age and race and was distributed across geographic location. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the paths from financial stress and family stress to depression, anxiety, and stress were all positive and significant. Personal stress was not a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, or stress. Well-being partially mediated the relationship between COVID-related financial stress and depression, anxiety, and stress. Counselors who work with clients experiencing financial stress may consider implementing well-being-focused interventions. We discuss evidence-based well-being prevention and intervention strategies counselors can use with clients who experience COVID-related stress.

Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Persistent or Recurrent Pain: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.

Although pain and alcohol use are highly prevalent and associated with deleterious health outcomes among older adults, a paucity of literature has examined hazardous drinking among older adults with pain. We aimed to examine the prevalence of hazardous drinking among a nationally representative sample of older adults with persistent or recurrent pain. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data collected from the 2018 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants included 1 549 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 with persistent or recurrent pain (ie, clinically significant pain present at 2 consecutive survey waves). More than one-quarter of older adults with persistent or recurrent pain reported regular alcohol use (≥weekly), nearly half of whom reported hazardous patterns of drinking. Specifically, 32% reported excessive drinking (ie, >2 drinks per day for older men; >1 drink per day for older women), and 22% reported binge drinking (ie, ≥4 drinks on one occasion). Exploratory analyses revealed a high prevalence of hazardous drinking among the subsample of older adults who used opioids (47%). Hazardous alcohol use-including both excessive and binge drinking-is common among older adults with persistent or recurrent pain, including those who take opioids. Given that hazardous drinking can complicate pain management and increase the risk for adverse opioid effects (eg, overdose), the current findings underscore the importance of assessing and addressing hazardous patterns of alcohol use among older adults with persistent or recurrent pain.

Are Adult Mosquito Control Products (Adulticides) Harmful? A Review of the Potential Human Health Impacts from Exposure to Naled and Dichlorvos (DDVP)

We performed a thorough systematic review of published literature to determine potential links between human health impacts and naled, a registered adult mosquito control product (adulticide), and its major degradate, dichlorvos (DDVP). A search query was performed on 8 September 2023, capturing all articles published up to that date on the Scopus and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were the presence of either pesticide and a measured or modeled human health outcome or risk. The search string resulted in 382 articles; however, 354 articles were excluded, resulting in only 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The studies that directly relate to aerosolized ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito control applications did not report any associated deleterious human health outcomes. Results from the reviewed papers displayed no negative health effects or led to inconclusive results. No studies showed adverse health effects from aerial ULV applications for mosquito management. Our findings are congruent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations that aerial applications of naled, following label parameters, do not pose an adverse risk exposure to humans, wildlife, and the environment.

Abstract B059: Food insecurity among Asian Americans: A scoping review and recommendations for policy and practice

Abstract Background: Food insecurity is a critical social determinant of health and is associated with deleterious cancer-related health outcomes. Adults in households with food insecurity are more likely to forgo cancer screenings; they have also been found to have higher risks of cancer. In addition, patients with cancer have high rates of food insecurity. However, little is known about experiences of food insecurity among Asian Americans, including their experiences of food insecurity that are related to cancer prevention or care. We conducted a scoping review on food insecurity and strategies to cope with food insecurity among individuals of Asian origins living in the U.S. Methods: In 2022, we searched peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Two authors screened each title and abstract of 900 records and the full text of 48 records. Thirty-five studies were selected and analyzed. Results: Among the 35 studies included in the review, 9 studies reported disaggregated data by Asian origin group for food insecurity prevalence. We observed great heterogeneity in reported prevalence. For example, food insecurity ranges 8.3%-41.1% for Filipinos, 13.1%-28.2% for Vietnamese, 6.6%-22.2% for Koreans, and 2.3%-11.2% for Japanese. Only eight studies included standardized data collection instruments in Asian languages. Seven studies noted collaboration with community partners. Lower acculturation, limited English proficiency, and higher social isolation were significantly associated with food insecurity. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits were seen as inadequate to remediate food insecurity. Barriers to nutrition assistance program participation involved negative experiences with social workers, burdensome application process, and confusion surrounding the program. Notably, no study focuses on how food insecurity influences cancer prevention or cancer treatment among Asian Americans. Discussion: Our review found heterogenous food insecurity prevalence among Asian origin groups. We underscored a need for further research using disaggregated data by Asian origin group, employing multilingual data collection strategies, and involving community partners. Researchers should consider how social contexts and acculturation influences food insecurity. More research is needed on food insecurity as it relates to cancer prevention, screening, or management among Asian Americans. Future studies should investigate policy and interventions to ameliorate food insecurity and encourage nutrition program participation among Asian Americans living with food insecurity. Citation Format: Victoria Huynh, Nhat-Ha Pham, Suji Ro, Q. Eileen Wafford, Milkie Vu. Food insecurity among Asian Americans: A scoping review and recommendations for policy and practice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B059.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Impact Prostatic Collagen Density and Bladder Volume in Young Adult Mice Exposed during in Utero and Lactational Development.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants linked to deleterious health outcomes, including voiding dysfunction in developmentally exposed mice. Changes in prostate volume and/or extracellular matrix composition are associated with voiding dysfunction in men and animal models. Whether PCB-induced changes in voiding function in male mice occur in part via alterations to the prostate or an alternate mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether developmental exposure to the MARBLES PCB mixture altered prostate morphology in young adult offspring. C57Bl/6J female mice were dosed daily with the MARBLES PCB mixture at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6 mg/kg/d for two weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation, offspring were collected at 6 weeks of age. Ventral prostate mass was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to other PCB groups. There were no PCB-induced changes in prostate smooth muscle thickness, apoptosis, proliferation, or testes mass. PCBs impacted the prostate extracellular matrix; anterior prostate collagen density was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to all other groups. Normalized bladder volume was increased in male and female offspring in the 6 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to control. No change in water consumption, bladder mass or bladder smooth muscle thickness accompanied changes in bladder volume. Urine and serum creatinine concentrations were elevated but only in male mice. Together, these results suggest that developmental exposure to PCBs can influence prostate wet weight and prostate/bladder morphology, but PCBs do not promote prostate enlargement. Whether these changes persist throughout adult life and how they contribute to voiding function in animal models and humans is of future interest.