Delesseria Sanguinea Research Articles

Nutrient Profile of Baltic Coastal Red Algae (Delesseria sanguinea), Baltic Blue Mussel (Mytilus spp.) and King Ragworm (Alitta virens) as Potential Feed Material in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792): A Preliminary Assessment

The use of selected Baltic coastal organisms as potential alternative feed material in the formulation of rainbow trout diets was studied. German coastal water organisms (Delesseria sanguinea, seaweed red algae (A); Mytilus spp., Baltic blue mussel (M); Alitta virens, king ragworm (W)) were analyzed for nutrient, amino acid and mineral composition, and tested in comparative feeding trials. Five dietary treatments were supplied to a total of 165 juvenile rainbow trout (778 ± 111 g) for 75 days, allotted in 15 special brackish (3–5 practical salinity units (PSU)) water basins consisting of 11 fish each (3 fish tanks (300 L) at 12 °C per feeding group). The fish were fed as follows: C group, 100% basic diet (control); A group, 10% red algae in C diet; M group, 10% mussel in C diet; W group, 35% ragworm in C diet; AW group, 10% algae + 30% ragworm in C diet. Feed provision was performed manually, once a day, with the feed offer adjusted to 1.8% of fish weight for the respective tank. The fish weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. In the proximate analysis of the different coastal organisms, the lowest crude protein content in dry matter (DM) was found in blue mussels (10.9%), whereas it was almost doubled in algae (21.8%), with the highest being found in the ragworm (63.1%). By contrast, the crude ash content was the highest in the mussel (84.4%, mostly due to CaCO3 from the shell), much less in the red algae (28.1%) and the lowest in the ragworms (20.1%). The gross energy (GE) concentration was the highest in the ragworm (18.8 MJ × kg−1), 12.1 MJ × kg−1 in the algae and the lowest in the blue mussel (2.93 MJ × kg−1). The final weight of the fish ranged between 1780 and 2310 g at the end of the feeding trial, being the lowest for the fish fed the diet combined with red algae (A diet group) and the highest for the fish fed the control diet. No differences in FCR were found for the fish fed the five dietary treatments (p > 0.05), except for the W diet group (king ragworm has a lower FCR than that of the A group red algae, p < 0.05). The results from this trial suggest that at the tested amounts, both king ragworm and blue mussels are promising alternative feed material for rationing the rainbow trout diet, but not red algae, unless combined with ragworms.

A whole-plant specimen of the marine macroalga Pterigophycos from the Eocene of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Uncalcified macroalgae are generally rare as fossils, and hence their past diversity and evolutionary history remain poorly resolved. The Bolca area in northern Italy has yielded abundant adpression fossils of Eocene macroalgae. However, the vast majority of specimens are detached blades and blade portions. Here, we present an almost complete thallus of the macroalga Pterigophycos from Bolca that consists of a squat holdfast from which leaf-like blades up to 30 cm long extend. Each blade has a midrib extending over its entire length. Proximally the lamina forms a narrow rim on each side of the midrib, but becomes wider and lobed in the lower mid-portion. In the upper three quarters of the blade the lamina consists of spathulate or wedge-shaped segments. Pterigophycos blades have certain features in common with the present-day Phycodrys rubens, Delesseria sanguinea (both Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), Undaria pinnatifida, and Egregia menziesii (both Laminariales, Phaeophyceae); however, the systematic affinity of the fossil remains unresolved. The fossil is suggestive of intraspecific variability in blade morphology, and thus contests the historic view that there are several different species of Pterigophycos in the Bolca flora.

Macroalgal vegetation on a north European artificial reef (Loch Linnhe, Scotland): biodiversity, community types and role of abiotic factors

Very little is known about the marine macroalgae of artificial reefs—especially in the North Atlantic—despite the growing number and extent of man-made structures in the sea, and even though seaweed communities have paramount importance as primary producers, but also as feeding, reproductive and nursery grounds in coastal ecosystems. This paper explores the macroalgal diversity of a large system of artificial reefs in Loch Linnhe, on the west coast of Scotland, in a quantitative and qualitative study based on diving surveys and correlates the observations with the prevalent abiotic factors. The study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that artificial reefs can enhance seaweed habitats—in particular, for kelps—and that there is a clear correlation with substrate type. While the reef is home to a large range of biota and abundance of early-successional species of turf and bushy macroalgae, totalling 56 taxa and with Delesseria sanguinea as the dominant species, canopy-forming perennial kelp species are conspicuously relatively rare. Macroalgal vegetation is explored in correlation with reef geometry/geography and depth. Statistical analysis shows benthic communities were strongly affected by substrate type, with turf algae and invertebrates dominating the artificial reefs, while bushy algae dominate the natural ones. Common macroinvertebrates associated with the phytobenthic communities are assessed qualitatively.

Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea.

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.

Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic activity of bacteria isolated from the surface of two co-occurring macroalgae from the Baltic Sea

Bacteria associated with Fucus vesiculosus and Delesseria sanguinea, two macroalgae from the Kiel Fjord were investigated seasonally over two years by cultivation-based methods. A total of 166 bacterial strains were isolated from the macroalgae, affiliated to seven classes of bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Cytophagia and Flavobacteria). According to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities they were arranged in 82 phylotypes of > 99.0% sequence identity. Assuming that chemical factors rule the bacteria–macroalga and bacteria–bacteria interactions on algal surfaces, we tested the antibiotic activity of the bacterial isolates not only against a panel of four standard test organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus lentus) but also four macroalga-associated microorganisms: Algicola bacteriolytica and Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii (macroalgal pathogens), and Bacillus algicola and Formosa algae (strains associated with algal surfaces). Organic extracts of more than 51% of the isolates from the two macroalgae inhibited the growth of at least one of the tested microorganisms. As much as 46% and 45% of the isolates derived from F. vesiculosus and D. sanguinea, respectively, showed antimicrobial activity against the set of macroalga-associated bacteria, compared with 13 and 19% against a standard set of microorganisms. High antibacterial activity against macroalgal pathogens and bacterial competitors support the assumption that complex chemical interactions shape the relationships of bacteria associated with macroalgae and suggest that these bacteria are a rich source of antimicrobial metabolites.

Optimized isolation and pharmacological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Delesseria sanguinea

Optimized isolation and pharmacological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Delesseria sanguinea

Seasonal variation in carbon sources of ­mesograzers and small predators in an eelgrass community: stable isotope and fatty acid analyses

We assessed the seasonal change in trophic interactions at the mesograzer and small predator level in a temperate eelgrass system. This was done through stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid analyses of eelgrass Zostera marina, attached epiphytes, sand microflora, the red alga Delesseria sanguinea, and the 4 most common mesograzer and predator species. Sampling took place monthly in the western part of the Baltic Sea during a whole year (April 2002 to February 2003). The trophic importance of microalgae was corroborated in all studied species. Red algae were consumed to a lesser extent and eelgrass was of minor importance. The degree of dependence on the main carbon sources was species-specific and varied with time. The small gastropod, Rissoa membranacea, mostly grazed epiphytes (73% on average), whereas the fractions of epiphytes and sand microflora showed a more balanced pattern in the other mesograzer species. Stable carbon data and fatty acid composition strongly suggested that epiphytic algae were the primary source of organic matter for mesograzers in late spring and autumn. In summer, sand microflora were of greater importance as carbon sources, except for the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus for which red algae was the most important. Stable nitrogen values indicated that the degree of carnivory was size-dependent in both omnivorous crustacean species studied; larger individuals generally occupied a higher trophic position than did smaller ones. Furthermore, the isopod Idotea baltica was more herbivorous in summer than in the other seasons. Our results confirm the importance of species-specific and temporal variability for the effect of mesograzers in eelgrass systems. The significance of mesograzers as determinants of food-web structure via the reduction of epiphytes is further corroborated by our study, and the observed high plasticity of mesograzers concerning food sources may promote the stability of eelgrass food webs despite strong seasonal variations in the biomass of primary producers.

Does the amphipod fauna associated with epiphytes on kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) change with depth?

The present study showed a differential composition of amphipod fauna on red algae with different morphology. The stipes of Laminaria hyperborea are covered with epiphytes, of which red algae constitute a main group. A rich invertebrate fauna dominated by gastropods and amphipods is associated with the epiphytes. The algae may function as a habitat providing refuge against wave action and predation, or as food. The study was carried out on the southwest coast of Norway. Common epiphytic red algae of different morphology with associated amphipods were sampled at three different depths at three localities with kelp forest (L. hyperborea). Although the total amphipod densities increased with habitat size, the distribution of amphipods on the selected epiphytes differed. Ptilota gunneri is repeatedly feather-branched with a complex branching pattern and has high densities of small amphipods, dominated by Jassa falcata and species from the familiy Stenothoidae. The filamentous epiphyte Polysiphonia elongata had low densities with dominance of Caprellidea species. Densities of amphipods associated with P. elongata increased with depth. The amphipod distribution was patchy on Delesseria sanguinea and P. gunneri in relation to station and depth.

Optimized and Standardized Isolation and Structural Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Red Alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae)

The red seaweed Delesseria sanguinea dominantly populates a large artificial reef in the southwestern Baltic Sea. It contains sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), which exhibit a pharmacological profile indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-skin aging potencies. To establish and optimize an extraction procedure for these SPs and to evaluate the influence of several parameters on their quality, 23 algae batches were harvested over the period of four years and extracted by different methods, resulting in 56 SP batches. Extraction with water at 85 degrees C proved to be superior and led to highly reproducible products with average yields of 11.6 +/- 3.9%, reaching 18% in spring. Their quality was independent of generation form and vitality of the algae. The SPs were identified as sulfated branched xylogalactans (degree of sulfation 0.50 +/- 0.08, mean M(r) 142000). The coextraction of floridean starch turned out to be the only parameter causing any seasonal variability. However, by using water, this concerns solely the yields of the isolated products. Compared to NaOH extracts, the antielastase activity of H(2)O extracted SPs was about twice as strong (IC(50) 0.204 +/- 0.024 microg/mL) and the batch to batch variability was much lower (CV 11.8 vs 28.6%). In conclusion, SPs from Delesseria sanguinea can be isolated in reproducibly high quality by using a specific extraction procedure. Thus, an important prerequisite for a potential economical utilization is fulfilled.

Specific epibacterial communities on macroalgae: phylogeny matters more than habitat

Epibacterial communities on thalli of the algal species Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculo- sus, Laminaria saccharina, Ulva compressa, Delesseria sanguinea and Phycodrys rubens were analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based DGGE. Individuals of all species were collected in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea) and in the rocky intertidal of Helgoland (North Sea). DGGE gels as well as cluster and multidimensional scaling analysis based on the DGGE band patterns of the epibacterial community showed significant differences between the epibacterial communities on the investigated algal species both in the Baltic and North Seas. Epibacterial communities differed less between regions than between host species, and were more similar on closely related host species. Results give the first evidence for lineage-specific bacterial associations to algal thalli. Furthermore, the results suggest that these algal species may control their epibiotic bacterial communities.

Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of the Structure and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from the Red Alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae)

Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux was shown to contain sulfated polysaccharides (D.s.-SP) with anti-inflammatory effects. This red macroalga turned out to dominantly populate an artificial reef in the southwestern Baltic Sea. An important aspect for its economical utilization is to obtain D.s.-SP in a reproducible quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the seasonal variability of D.s.-SP; for this, algae batches were harvested monthly over the period of one year. Structural and pharmacological characterization of the isolated D.s.-SP showed that an optimized and standardized aqueous extraction (85 degrees C) leads to reproducible products without any significant seasonal variations of their elastase and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities. Besides the yields (from 17.9% in April to 6.12% in September), only the glucose content of the D.s.-SP batches seasonally varied (April, 7.48% +/- 1.00%, September, 22.8% +/- 1.2%) due to certain coextraction of starch-like glucans. In principle, algae material can be harvested throughout the year, but the optimum harvesting time is in spring.

Pharmacological profiles of animal- and nonanimal-derived sulfated polysaccharides - comparison of unfractionated heparin, the semisynthetic glucan sulfate PS3, and the sulfated polysaccharide fraction isolated from Delesseria sanguinea

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) such as heparin are known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, e.g., anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastastic effects. However, since the anticoagulant activity of heparin is dominating, its therapeutic use for other medical indications is limited due to an associated risk of bleeding. Further disadvantages of heparin are its animal origin, the shortage of resources, and its complex and variable composition. However, SP without these limitations may represent a substance class with good prospects for applications other than anticoagulation. In this study, the in vitro pharmacological profiles of two nonanimal-derived SP were investigated in comparison with unfractionated heparin. One is the natural SP fraction from the red algae Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP). The other one is the chemically defined PS3, a semisynthetic β-1,3-glucan sulfate with proven in vivo anti-inflammatory and antimetastatic activities. All three polysaccharides were examined in vitro for their inhibitory effects on the coagulation and complement system, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, hyaluronidase, matrix metalloproteinase-1, heparanase, and p-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. Compared with heparin, the nonanimal-derived polysaccharides have a four times weaker anticoagulant activity, but mostly exhibit stronger (1.4–224 times) effects on test systems investigating targets of inflammation or metastasis. According to their different structures, PS3 and D.s.-SP differ in their pharmacological profile with PS3 being the strongest inhibitor of heparanase and cell adhesion and D.s.-SP being the strongest inhibitor of hyaluronidase and complement activation. Considering both pharmacological profile and pharmaceutical quality parameters, PS3 represents a candidate for further development as an anti-inflammatory or antimetastatic drug whereas D.s.-SP might have perspectives for cosmetic applications.

Elastase Inhibition Assay with Peptide Substrates – An Example for the Limited Comparability ofin vitroResults

Many factors such as buffer, pH, or enzyme concentration influence the inhibitory activity of test compounds in IN VITRO enzyme inhibition assays. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the variation of the synthetic substrate has an influence on the IC (50) values as well. As an exemplary enzyme, we have chosen polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase (PMNE), which is considered as a promising target in the therapy for inflammatory and tumour diseases. A well established, validated IN VITRO PMNE inhibition assay was performed with three different synthetic peptide substrates (S-2484, L-1335, I-1270). As inhibitors ursolic acid, unfractionated heparin (UFH), the semisynthetic glucan sulfate PS3, and sulfated polysaccharides from the red algae DELESSERIA SANGUINEA (D.s.-SP), were used. The maximum achievable PMNE inhibition by the test compounds was shown to be determined by the substrate: 60 to 70 % (L-1335 and S-2484) or 90 % (I-1270). Furthermore, the IC (50) values of the inhibitors turned out to strongly vary in dependence on the substrate, although the used peptide substrates are structurally very similar. The derived activities differed by up to 480 %. In addition, the potencies of the test compounds in relation to each other altered considerably. In conclusion, by the choice of the enzyme substrate, both the apparent maximum activity and the IC (50) of an inhibitor can be influenced. Therefore, only results from identical test systems should be compared..

Carbon sources and trophic structure in an eelgrass Zostera marina bed, based on stable isotope and fatty acid analyses

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 358:103-114 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07327 Carbon sources and trophic structure in an eelgrass Zostera marina bed, based on stable isotope and fatty acid analyses Sybill Jaschinski*, Daniela C. Brepohl, Ulrich Sommer IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany *Email: sjaschinski@ifm-geomar.de ABSTRACT: Multiple stable isotope and fatty acid analyses were applied to examine food web dynamics in an eelgrass Zostera marina L. system in the western Baltic Sea. Samples of eelgrass, epiphytic algae, sand microflora, red algae, phytoplankton and main consumer species were collected in June 2002. δ13C values of primary producers ranged from –9.6‰ for eelgrass to the most depleted value of –34.9‰ for the most abundant red alga, Delesseria sanguinea. Epiphyte δ13C (–11.3‰) was close to the value for eelgrass, whereas sand microflora and phytoplankton showed intermediate values (–20.0 and –22.6‰, respectively). δ13C values of consumer species varied from –12.2‰ in the gastropod Lacuna vincta to –23.9‰ in the amphipod Amphitoe rubricata. Epiphytes, sand microflora and phytoplankton had relatively similar fatty acid signatures, indicating a dominance of diatoms. Fatty acid composition of the main consumers included the biomarker fatty acids for diatoms and red algae, whereas those for eelgrass were negligible. The stable isotope data in combination with the results of the fatty acid analysis strongly indicated that the food web in this eelgrass community was based on epiphytes, sand microflora and red algae. Additionally, the continuous distribution of δ15N values implied a food web that was characterized by a large proportion of generalist feeders in every group of consumers and by a high degree of omnivory. KEY WORDS: Food web structure · Seagrass · Epiphytes · Microphytobenthos · IsoSource Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Jaschinski S, Brepohl DC, Sommer U (2008) Carbon sources and trophic structure in an eelgrass Zostera marina bed, based on stable isotope and fatty acid analyses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 358:103-114. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07327 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 358. Online publication date: April 21, 2008 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.

ANTIFEEDING DEFENSE IN BALTIC MACROALGAE: INDUCTION BY DIRECT GRAZING VERSUS WATERBORNE CUES(1).

The prevalence of antigrazing defense induction and the cues triggering induction in marine macroalgae are generally not well understood. We examined the capacity of defense and the mechanisms of regulation in five common perennial macroalgal species from the Baltic Sea, Furcellaria lumbricalis (Huds.) J. V. Lamour., Delesseria sanguinea (Huds.) J. V. Lamour., Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (S. G. Gmel.) Newroth et A. R. A. Taylor, Fucus serratus L., and Fucus evanescens C. Agardh. Specifically, we investigated whether direct feeding and/or waterborne cues from feeding on neighboring conspecifics decreased the palatability of the tested algae. Direct feeding by the local isopod Idotea baltica triggered the induction of chemical defense in Fur. lumbricalis, D. sanguinea, P. pseudoceranoides, F. serratus, and F. evanescens. Conversely, we did not find any evidence for waterborne cues associated with feeding to trigger defense induction in neighboring conspecifics.

Trehalose, digeneaside, and floridoside in the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) – a reevaluation of its chemotaxonomic value

U. Karsten, S. Görs, A. Eggert and J.A. West. 2007. Trehalose, digeneaside, and floridoside in the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) – a reevaluation of its chemotaxonomic value. Phycologia 46: 143–150. DOI: 10.2216/06-29.1The qualitative and quantitative occurrence of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates (LMWCs) in the Florideophyceae was surveyed using 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Besides the joint occurrence of the heterosides floridoside and digeneaside in various Florideophycean orders (Ceramiales, Rhodymeniales, Gelidiales and Gigartinales), the disaccharide trehalose was detected only in several members of the Ceramiales. While some taxa of the latter order such as Aglaothamnion exhibited only trehalose, others, such as Delesseria sanguinea, showed trehalose together with digeneaside. The biosynthesis and physiological function of trehalose in red algae remains an open question. In addition, recent data from the literature indicate strong variation between phenotypic and genotypic formation of trehalose among red algal orders, and hence there exists some uncertainty to use this disaccharide as a chemotaxonomic marker. The occurrence of digeneaside in so many phylogenetically different Florideophycean taxa clearly negates any diagnostic value for this particular heteroside in the Ceramiales. In conclusion, while trehalose and digeneaside are unsuitable as chemotaxonomic markers for red algal phylogeny, other LMWCs, such as polyols and D-/L-isofloridoside, well support recent molecular taxonomic treatments.

Seasonal variations of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux from the Baltic Sea

The red seaweed Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.) is the dominating macroalga populating a man-made large-scale reef, which has been installed near Rostock, Germany. D.s. showed to contain biologically active sulfated polysaccharides (SP) with an interesting activity profile. Important prerequisites for a potential economic use of these SP are the availability of sufficient amounts and a reproducible high quality. To evaluate this, D.s. has been monthly harvested over the course of more than one year and the SP were isolated using two optimized extraction procedures, one with water, the other one with 0.1M NaOH at 85°C. The only parameter showing a clear seasonal variation is the dry mass of D.s., ranging form 12% in spring up to 23% in late autumn. In general, water extraction leads to ˜50% lower yields (1.9±0.5% of fresh algae) than the alkaline extraction (3.1±0.9%), but the obtained SP have a higher degree of sulfation (DS) (0.48 vs. 0.40), a lower protein contamination (0.5% vs. 1.4%), and ˜50% higher elastase inhibitory and anticoagulant activities. Moreover, the quality of the SP extracted with water is highly reproducible, whereas the SP extracted with NaOH show considerable batch-to-batch variation. This partly tends to be dependent on the season, as the yield increases from spring to autumn, whereas the DS decreases. Main reason seems to be the coextraction of starch-like polysaccharides by NaOH, which are accumulated over the year and contribute to the increasing dry mass of D.s. This has been confirmed by acetylation analysis of the SP, indicating a glucose content rising from spring to autumn. In conclusion, by using an optimized extraction procedure, SP of reproducible and high quality can be isolated from D.s.. Compared to NaOH, the extraction with water is more specific and allows an extraction of D.s. batches harvested throughout the whole year.

Sulfated polysaccharides from Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in vitro

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) like the prime example heparin are known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) was shown to significantly attenuate the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes (MC) in vivo and in vitro [1,2], and thus to inhibit an important step of inflammatory processes.

Evaluation of the activity profile of the sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux

Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.), a red alga occurring in the Baltic Sea, contains sulfated polysaccharides (SP). As known from heparin, SP exhibit not only anticoagulant, but a wide range of biological activities. The aim of the study was to examine the activity profile of these alga-derived SP (D.s.-SP).

Optimized isolation and structural characterization of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux

Optimized isolation and structural characterization of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux