Delayed Processing Time Research Articles

Enhancing the MCL-SLAM algorithm to overcome the issue of illumination variation, non-static environment and kidnapping to present the NIK-SLAM

AbstractSimultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a major challenge that has been comprehensively investigated by scholars. SLAM’s ability to support autonomous navigation helps the robot to move from one place to another without being controlled by humans. This achievement has attracted the attention of scholars towards focusing on this area. Over the decades, countless procedures have been developed with extraordinary accomplishments. However, some problems can degrade the efficiency of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technique, and examples of such problems include environmental noises (light intensity and shadow), non-static environment, and kidnap robots. These problems create inconsistency in measurement that can lead to erroneous navigation for an unmanned vehicle. In minimizing the effect of these problems, a novel SLAM technique based on several re-modifications of MCL is presented in this paper. This innovative technique is known as NIK-SLAM. The NIK-SLAM is equipped with filters alongside some modifications of the original Monte-Carlo algorithm (MCL) to maximize its performance. The filters were employed to overcome the effect of shadow and light intensity while the re-modification of MCL is used to overcome the limitation of kidnapping and non-static objects. A publicly available dataset (TUM-RGBD) and a private dataset were used for evaluation. Matlab was used for simulation while assessments were based on quantitative and qualitative validation. The results demonstrated a better performance of the NIK-SLAM, attaining a lower trajectory error for most experiments when compared to the original MCL and other SLAM algorithms found in the literature, but at the expense of delayed processing time. Furthermore, this accomplishment supports pathway planning, and exploration into unstable environments while it decreases accident rates/human fatalities, and in the future study, the issue of delayed processing time will be addressed.

The Current Updates of the Progresses and the Challenges of Recognition of Customary Forests in Indonesia

Around 30 million Indonesians are forest-dependent, comprising a large portion of customary communities. For generations, customary communities managed forests using customary arrangements as the normative system. However, the state legal framework required the communities to obtain legal recognition to exercise these traditional forest rights. Over the last seven years, the state has formalized hundreds of thousands of hectares of customary forest, which was unprecedented. Some suggested that the number needed to be increased and far less than the potential customary forest areas. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the primary cause and the subsequent impacts on the low number of recognized customary forests. Relevant data were obtained for analysis from documents and direct interviews. The result showed that customary tenure on forest resources coexisted with the state arrangements. The state recognized those customary arrangements through formalization. However, the ideological and political perception and the state's interests regarding customary communities have brought obstacles to that sound policy regarding recognition. This perception and interest further raised three issues regarding the current legal framework and its implementation: complex regulation, delayed processing time, and ambiguous standards.

Effect of storage time on peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation from blood collected in vacutainer CPT™ tubes

BackgroundClinical trials of novel therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) may benefit from immune cell profiling, however implementation of this methodology is limited in the multicenter trial setting by necessity of timely (within 6 to 8 h) isolation and processing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from whole blood samples. Becton Dickinson Vacutainer CPT™ Cell Preparation Tubes (CPT™) limit required processing prior to shipping to a central lab to an initial centrifugation step within 24 h of sample collection. As shipping may delay final processing beyond 24 h, we analyzed cell viability and T cell composition in whole blood stored in CPT™ to determine if their use may accommodate processing delays typical for multicenter clinical trials. MethodsWhole blood samples from 3 patients with UC were collected in CPT™ (15 tubes/patient) and PBMC were processed at various timepoints (24–96 h). Cell viability and T cell composition (26 types) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Variability between technical and biological replicates was evaluated in the context of cell-type abundance, delayed processing time, and data normalization. ResultsTotal cell viability was <50% when processing was delayed to 48 h after collection and was further reduced at later processing timepoints. The effect of delayed processing on cell abundance varied widely across cell types, with CD4+, CD8+, naïve effector CD8+, and Tcm CD4 + T cells displaying the least variability in abundance with delayed processing. Normalization of cell counts to cell types other than total T cells corrected for the effect of delayed processing for several cell types, particularly Th17. ConclusionsBased on these data, processing of PBMC in CPT™ should ideally be performed within 48 h. Delayed processing of PBMC in CPT™ may be considered for cell types that are robust to these conditions. Normalization of cell abundance to different parental cell-types may reduce variability in quantitation and should be used in conjunction with the expected effect size to meet the experimental goals of a multicenter clinical trial.

Decentralized E-KYC Blockchain Network for Central Bank

Abstract: Know Your Customer or KYC processes are the backbones of a financial institution’s anti-money laundering efforts. KYC processes are mandatory in most of Europe and India. Almost all countries have their own process for identifying and keeping a record of their citizens like the USA has Social Security Protocol. According to current estimates, the amount of KYC spending rose to up to $1.8 Billion in 2021 on a global level. Despite the importance of the process, KYC continues to operate inefficiently. KYC processes are labor-intensive and time-consuming tasks. It is estimated that 80% of KYC efforts go in gathering information and processing while only 20% of efforts are evaluating and monitoring focused. This centralization of data is causing an inefficient KYC process and creating issues like :- Misidentification of fraudulent data , Inability of tracking customers, customers entering fake data(address, age etc) , delayed processing time and very high cost of processing. Reimagining KYC Using Blockchain Technology will enable seamless and secure data exchange at a fraction of the cost. A decentralized blockchain network will Facilitate near real-time data exchange. Blockchain when used with other technologies can indicate great potential to help organizations reduce the cost and time linked with the KYC process. The introduction of blockchain in KYC brings data on a decentralized network which also has its own pros like distributed data collection ,higher operational efficiency , validation of accuracy of the information. The customer will build their profile on the DCT KYC network. There are multiple options to store the data like Centralized encrypted servers, DCT platforms like IPFS(Interplanetary File System). Customers will perform transactions with Financial Institutions by giving them access to users profile( restricted non-appendable access),Using hashing and cryptographic processes the data would safely be called and returned to the DCT network . Thus making sure the whole process is immutable .

PSXII-4 Impact of delayed processing time on total RNA quality and quantitation of transcript abundance

Abstract Critical biological information related to economically important traits is present in the blood transcriptome in cattle. Following a sample collection, however, RNA molecules containing this valuable information are prone to degradation affecting transcript abundance. Thus, proper sample handling and storage is essential when working with RNA. Here, we hypothesized that delayed time between sample collection and processing would lead to RNA degradation and alter gene transcript quantification. We aimed to determine the effect of delayed processing of whole blood on transcriptomic profiles in peripheral white blood cells (PWBC). We collected blood samples (10ml) in tubes containing anticoagulant (K2EDTA) from estrus synchronized beef heifers (n = 5). The tubes remained chilled on ice until processing time. From each heifer, we collected five samples from the jugular vein. We processed one sample from each animal within one hour of collection, and we delayed the processing time of the remaining samples to three, six, eight, and 24 hours post collection. We extracted total RNA from PWBCs, measured yield and assessed quality. We also quantified transcript abundance of 12,724 genes by RNA-sequencing. Samples processed 24 hours post collection had lower RNA integrity number (RIN) compared to samples processed withing one hour of collection (RIN24h=8.00±0.37, RIN1h=8.52±0.37, P = 0.03). There were four and 504 genes with differential transcript abundance (FDR&amp;lt; 0.05) when comparing eight and 24 hours of delayed processing with samples processed within one hour of collection, respectively. Notably, several genes had &amp;gt;1.4-fold greater transcript abundance when samples were stored on ice for eight or 24 hours. Our results indicate that RNA degradation and cellular activity of PWBCs have critical impact on transcript abundance when blood samples are stored for 24 hours under refrigeration. As the development of RNA-based biomarkers gain importance in cattle production systems, timely handling of samples is critical for accurate results.

A Platform of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Swarms for Real Time Monitoring in Aquaculture Environments.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving technology that is changing almost every business, and aquaculture is no exception. In this work we present an integrated IoT platform for the acquisition of environmental data and the monitoring of aquaculture environments, supported by a real-time communication and processing network. The complete monitoring platform consists of environmental sensors equipped in a swarm of mobile Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) and Buoys, capable of collecting aquatic and outside information, and sending it to a central station where it will be stored and processed. The sensing platform, formed by the USVs and Buoys, are equipped with multi-communication technology: IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth for short range communication, for mission delegation and the transmission of data collection, and LoRa for periodic report. On the back-end side, supported by FIWARE technology, an interactive web-based platform can be used to define sensing missions and for data visualization. Results on the sensing platform lifetime, mission control and delay processing time are presented to assess the performance of the aquatic monitoring system.

Effect of various postmortem processing times and blanching methods on quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) waste oil.

Oil extracted from fish waste is considered as a value‐added product. The effect of postmortem processing times (0, 3, 6, and 9 hr) and blanching methods (sodium chloride, pH shift, and high temperature) on the extracted oil from rainbow trout viscera was studied. Blanching was applied six hours prior to oil extraction to counteract the effects of delayed processing time and increasing the oil stability. Autolysis by digestive enzymes is main culprit of higher contents of free fatty acids, lipid oxidation, saponified compound, and saturation degrees in case of postponed oil extraction. Results showed that PV was increased after pH shift and high temperature blanching, while there were no significant differences by using salt blanching. The lowest amount of TBA, AV, Totox, and saponification index was observed in salt blanched treatment. The colorimetric values including L*, b*, and whiteness index were decreased after pH shift, whereas redness was increased. Unfavorable coloration could be attributed to the lipid oxidation process that giving rise nonvolatile decomposition products with carbonyl groups. Our results indicated that salt blanching could reduce the effects of delayed processing time and lead to higher quality value‐added product from rainbow trout viscera.

Perform or perish: laboratory optimization to avoid false negative blood cultures in pneumococcal bacteremia

Abstract We present the laboratory operations influencing the culture yield of pneumococci and suggest an alternate solution to the problem. Blood cultures of 136 adults and 19 pediatric patients were analyzed in two phases. In phase I, the laboratory operated only during weekdays but in phase II the laboratory provided 24-h services on all days. In phase I, successful bacterial isolation leading to testing of antimicrobial susceptibility was possible only in 51% of cases, while a significant 49% had failed to grow in subcultures due to autolysis resulting from delayed processing time. These false negative blood cultures were further confirmed as Streptococcus pneumoniae by commercial antigen tests. In phase II, we did not observe any false-negative results due to prompt subculturing protocols (p &lt; 0.001). We also found that taking blood cultures on two occasions increases the yield by 46% among adults.

A Modified Ficoll-Paque Gradient Method for Isolating Mononuclear Cells from the Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood of Humans for Biobanks and Clinical Laboratories.

Although the Ficoll-Paque method is classically used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), modifications in this method are required for a more rapid and economic output for biobanks and clinical laboratories, particularly in developing countries. In this study, we addressed this issue by modifying the Ficoll-Paque method for the isolation of PBMCs or mononuclear cells from the peripheral and the umbilical cord blood of healthy and diseased (infected, anemic, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) adult individuals. In the modified method, we initiated the cell isolation process from the buffy coat layer, which appears in the interface between the plasma and sediments after centrifugation, instead of using the whole blood as described in the classic method. Although the PBMC yield by the modified method was about 12% less than in the classic method, the number of PBMCs isolated by the modified method was more than one million, which is enough for different research/diagnostic purposes, such as multi-omics detection. Assessment of cell viability and purity by hematology analyzer and trypan blue showed no significant difference between the viability and purity of the PBMCs isolated by these two methods in almost all groups, except samples from the infected and cord blood groups, where lower PBMC purity with higher granulocyte contamination were observed. In addition, at delayed processing time points, all parameters for the two methods were decreased in a time-dependent manner, especially at 8, 12, or 24 hours after the sample collection. In summary, the performance of PBMC isolation by the classic and modified methods mainly relies on the PBMC ratio in original samples. The modified method could be preferred for PBMC isolation because of its time and cost savings, especially for the biobanks and clinical laboratories in developing countries.

Quality Assurance of Samples and Processes in the Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN) Biobank.

Biobanks are useful platforms to build bridges between basic, translational, and clinical research and clinical care. They are repositories of high-quality human biological samples ideal for evaluating their histological characteristics and also their genome, transcriptome, and proteome. The Spanish Renal Research Network Biobank contains more than 76,500 well-preserved frozen samples of a wide variety of kidney diseases, collected from 5450 patients seen by over 70 nephrology services throughout the Spanish territory. To determine and to report the results of the quality control of samples and processes conducted in our biobank, implemented in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 9001:2008 international standard. Two types of quality controls were performed: (1) systematic, that is, measurement of viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained and purity of nucleic acids and (2) ad-hoc, that is, viability of thawed PBMC, DNA extraction process reproducibility, and the integrity and functionality of nucleic acids, implemented on a routine basis. PBMC isolation by Ficoll yielded reproducible results and its cryopreserved viability was >90%. Acceptable A260/A280 ratios were obtained for the vast majority of the DNA (n = 2328) and RNA (n = 78) samples analyzed. DNA integrity was demonstrated by agarose gels and by β-globulin gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 1327 and 989 bp fragments. DNA of acceptable quality had at least three bands of β-globulin amplified obtained (n = 26/30). RNA integrity number (RIN) determinations obtained RIN numbers ≥7 (n = 87/96). The amplifiability of nucleic acids was confirmed by qPCR and RT-qPCR of β-actin and GAPDH genes. Long storage or delayed processing time did not affect the quality of the samples analyzed. The processes of DNA extraction also yielded reproducible results. These results clearly indicate that our PBMC, DNA, and RNA stored samples meet the required quality standards to be used for biomedical research, ensuring their long-term preservation.

Pilot study to assess effects of collection tube types and processing delay on measurements of persistent organic pollutants and lipids in human serum

Glass red top tubes (RTs), traditionally used to draw blood for biomonitoring studies, have some limitations during field sampling (e.g., tube breakage, timely processing may be difficult). This pilot study examined whether serum separation tubes (SSTs) with delayed processing time (48h) can be used instead of red top tubes (RTs) to accommodate field conditions. Using state-of-the-art methodologies, PBDEs, PCBs, OCPs, PFCs, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured to evaluate any differences among 2 test conditions (RTs with 2h processing time; SSTs with 48h processing time). Between the 2 test conditions, we observed high rank correlations among the measured compounds and no statistically significant differences in the levels of measured compounds. We conclude that SSTs with delayed processing time (48h) produce similar results as RTs with short processing time (2h), suggesting that SSTs could be good substitutes for RTs for new epidemiological and biomonitoring field studies. The use of SSTs offers a tremendous opportunity for the use of samples archived in various SSTs.

알약 인식을 위해 색 특징정보를 이용한 CBIRS/TB

This thesis proposes CBIRS/TB method that uses a tablet's color distribution information and form distinctive in content-based search. CBIRS/TB can avoid misuses and improper tablet uses by conducting content-based search in commonly prescribed tablets. The existing FE-CBIRS system is limited to recognizing only the image of color and shape of the tablet, that leads to applying insufficient form-specific information. While CBIRS/TB utilizes average, standard deviation, hue and saturation of each tablets in color, brightness, and contrast, FE-CBIRS has partial-sphere application problem; only applying the typical color of the tablet. Also, in case of the ∙제1저자 : 구건서 ∙투고일 : 2014. 1. 9, 심사일 : 2014. 1. 22, 게재확정일 : 2014. 2. 6. * 숭의여자대학교 디지털미디어전공 교수(Dept. Digital Media, Soong Eui Women's College) ※ 본 논문은 2013년도 숭의여자대학교 교내 학술 연구비 지원에 의한 것임. 50 Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information February 2014 shape-specific-information, Invariant Moment is mainly used for the extracted partial-spheres. This causes delayed processing time and accuracy problems. Therefore, to improve this setback, this thesis indexed color-specific-information of the extracted images into categorized classification for improved search speed and accuracy. ▸

Complete Modification Rescheduling Method and Its Application for Steelmaking and Continuous Casting

Delayed processing time and machine failures upset the plan in steelmaking-continuous casting (SCC) production, which make production plan infeasible. The manual repairing cannot satisfy objectives of quick response and optimal scheduling. The practical rescheduling with 1-4 refining stages cannot abstract as three stages hybrid flow shop (HFS). A method is presented for the rescheduling problem, which includes two steps. Firstly, the assigning machine strategy and its computing algorithm are given. Secondly, the mathematical models are developed as multi-objective model based on practical production constraints, so as to solve machine conflicts. The dynamic scheduling system for SCC with the rescheduling method has been successfully applied to Shanghai Baoshan steel plant, and realizes rapidly optimal rescheduling.

Circulating VEGF As a Biological Marker in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis? Preanalytical and Biological Variability in Healthy Persons and in Patients

Background: Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising biomarker in monitoring rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but studies of pre-analytical and biologic variability are few. Methods: VEGF was measured by ELISA methods in serum and plasma from healthy persons and RA patients. Pre-analytical factors were investigated. A reference interval for VEGF was established in serum and plasma from 306 healthy persons. Diurnal, day-to-day, week-to-week, long-term variability, and impact of exercise were evaluated. Results: Delayed processing time, room temperature, low centrifugal force and contamination of plasma with cellular elements lead to significant increases in VEGF levels, whereas storage for up to 2 years at −80°C or up to 10 freeze/thaw cycles did not affect VEGF levels. Serum VEGF levels were 7–10 fold higher than plasma VEGF levels. Reference intervals for VEGF (plasma: 45 pg/ml (range: non-detectable to 352); serum: 328 pg/ml (53–1791)) were independent of gender and age. Short- and long-term biologic variability included diurnal variation (sampling should take place after 7 AM) and impact of exercise (increased VEGF immediately after bicycling normalised within 1 hour). Conclusions: Pre-analytical factors and biologic variability including diurnal variation and impact of exercise should be accounted for in future studies that include circulating VEGF as a biological marker.

Salivary Protein/Peptide Profiling with SELDI‐TOF‐MS

In this study, large-scale profiling of salivary proteins and peptides ranging from 2 to 100 kDa was demonstrated using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Results show that chip surface type and sample type critically affect the amount and composition of detected salivary proteins. Delayed processing time resulted in both increase and decrease of peak numbers consistent with proteolysis. SELDI-TOF-MS profiles also changed, depending on storage temperature, although sample processing by centrifugation and numbers of freeze-thaw cycles had a minimal impact. In conclusion, SELDI-TOF-MS offers a simple, rapid, high-throughput technique for profiling low-mass (<10 kDa) saliva proteins/peptides. We wish to use this technique to gain insight into the human saliva proteome composition and its changes over time in response to food consumption.

SELDI-TOF-MS of saliva: Methodology and pre-treatment effects

Interest in saliva as a diagnostic fluid for monitoring general health and for early diagnosis of disease has increased in the last few years. In particular, efforts have focused on the generation of protein maps of saliva using advanced proteomics technology. Surface-enhanced laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a novel high throughput and extremely sensitive proteomic approach that allows protein expression profiling of large sets of complex biological specimens. In this study, large scale profiling of salivary proteins and peptides, ranging from 2 to 100 kDa was demonstrated using SELDI-TOF-MS. Various methodological aspects and pre-analytical variables were analysed with respect to their effects on saliva SELDI-TOF-MS profiling. Results show that chip surface type and sample type (unstimulated versus stimulated) critically affect the amount and composition of detected salivary proteins. Factors that influenced normal saliva protein profiling were matrix composition, sample dilution and binding buffer properties. Delayed processing time experiments show certain new peptides evolving 3 h post-saliva donation, and quantitative analyses indicate relative intensity of other proteins and peptides changing with time. The addition of protease inhibitors partly counteracted the destabilization of certain protein/peptide mass spectra over time suggesting that some proteins in saliva are subject to digestion by intrinsic salivary proteases. SELDI-TOF-MS profiles also changed by varying storage time and storage temperature whereas centrifugation speed and freeze–thaw cycles had minimal impact. In conclusion, SELDI-TOF-MS offers a high throughput platform for saliva protein and peptide profiling, however, (pre-)analytical conditions must be taken into account for valid interpretation of the acquired data.