Process Of Deinstitutionalization Research Articles

Indian National Congress’s Hits and Misses in General Elections 2024

The General Elections 2024 miraculously halted the declining political graph of the Indian National Congress and doubled its presence (seats won) in the lower house of parliament since the national hustings in 2019. The strategies implemented for reviving the party, like ‘Bharat Jodo Yatras’ (walkathons led by Rahul Gandhi), had an erratic pan-Indian electoral impact; as a result, it partly reclaimed its lost political space. The mandate failed to reverse the deinstitutionalization process of the grand old party, and its fragmentary legitimization seems to be by default rather than design. It failed to register a win and make a comeback primarily due to the absence of party offices in several states and hesitancy in overhauling the Congress system. The way ahead for revivification includes tweaking its archaic ideology, designing a populist model of governance, promoting subaltern leadership, creating a perennial connectivity with citizens, embracing digitalized politicking, and practising aspiration-centric developmental politics.

DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES WITHIN THE FAMILY FOSTER CARE SYSTEM. REPORT FROM RESEARCH IN THE PROVINCE OF SILESIA

The development of family foster care forms is closely related to the adopted assumptions of changes within the foster care system. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the directions of changes occurring in the family foster care system, to determine the relationship between the indicators of the deinstitutionalization process and the differences in the functioning of foster care system in towns with district rights and country districts. The study was carried out on the basis of financial and material reports on the performance of tasks in terms of family and foster care system support in the province of Silesia. The findings of the study provide a better understanding of the impact of the processes of change in the foster care system on the ongoing regression of the development of family foster care forms.

A desinstitucionalização como forma de corrosão da pretensão do monopólio estatal da violência legítima: uma abordagem a partir de Pierre Bourdieu, François Dubet e Danilo Martuccelli

Abstract This article aims to discuss the impact of deinstitutionalization on the state's claim to a monopoly of legitimate physical and symbolic violence. Thus, in the first place, starting with a concise approach to the concepts of field, capital, and habitus, it presents, without pretension to a critical distancing (which would be incompatible with its dimensions and purposes), the general aspects of Pierre Bourdieu's reflection about the State. For this purpose, it then examines the thesis proposed by the author about the State as an institution responsible for the (re)production and canonization of forms of social classification. After this examination, it focuses on fundamental aspects of the analysis undertaken by François Dubet and Danilo Martuccelli about the process of deinstitutionalization to indicate some of its effects on the State.

Deinstitutionalisation of foster care in Poland. Experiences of selected foster care organisers in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

Placing a child in foster care is a last resort and should take place after all possible forms of support and assistance have been exhausted. However, if a child is placed under the care and upbringing of foster care, it is necessary to create conditions as close as possible to those of a family. Since 2000, the Polish foster care system has been subject to the process of deinstitutionalisation. The organisers of foster care were obliged to take actions aimed at reducing the importance of the foster care system in the full childcare system, a smooth transition to a system where full community-level childcare is provided. The aim of the article is to present the foster care system and directions of changes in foster care in quantitative terms and to evaluate the organisation of foster care in the context of the process of its deinstitutionalisation. The conclusions were based on statistical data analysis on the foster care system, which constituted the background for discussions by organisers of foster care in selected poviats of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The system of foster care in Poland is based on family foster care. Reducing the number of institutional foster care facilities is possible, but in the current system, it is only likely to partially eliminate them. The most significant identified challenge of the foster care system is the dropping number of foster families. Additionally, the deinstitutionalisation of foster care requires, above all, measures to increase the effectiveness of the support system and upbringing of the child and natural family in the local environment.

К вопросу о правовом статусе психоневрологических интернатов и правах проживающих в них пациентов в свете новелл Конституции и законодательства об охране психического здоровья граждан

The article is devoted to the study of individual novelties of federal legislation concerning the legal status of inpatient psychiatric care institutions, as well as the rights and restrictions of persons living in them in inpatient conditions against the background of the ongoing process of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care. The authors cite statistics on the closure of large psychiatric hospitals, the emphasis is on the replacement of psychiatric social services, which affects the availability and quality of medical services received by patients. It is noted that when analyzing certain upcoming novelties of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 3185-1 of July 2, 1992 “On psychiatric care and guarantees of citizens' rights in its provision”, one has to face formulations subject to scientific understanding, assessment of possible risks of these innovations.

Transformation of child welfare Institutions in Bandung, West Java: A case of deinstitutionalization in Indonesia

The enactment of the National Standard of Care for Child Welfare Institutions in 2011 signifies Indonesia's commitment to deinstitutionalization by guiding the transformation of the country’s Child Welfare Institutions, from facility-based childcare homes or orphanages, to centers of community-based children and family services. Yet, evidence of this transformation of Child Welfare Institutions is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the state of transformation of the child welfare service providers for neglected children in the City of Bandung as a parameter to understand the progress of the deinstitutionalization process in Indonesia.Fifty child welfare service providers (Child Welfare Institutions and government child protection services) operating in Bandung participated in an online survey. Cluster analysis of organizational data combined with an analysis of responses to hypothetical scenarios of children at risk of family separation, grouped service providers into; (i) medium to large, faith-based, non-government Child Welfare Institutions that primarily provide privately funded institutional care services at the Bandung level (50%), (ii) small, secular, non-government Child Welfare Institutions and government child protection services that primarily deliver family support services at the Bandung level (26%) and (iii) medium to large, secular, non-government Child Welfare Institutions that deliver privately funded institutional care and other family support services at the provincial level (24%). While there is evidence of deinstitutionalization activity in Bandung, the large number and relative size of privately operated Child Welfare Institutions suggests a high dependency on institutional care to meet children's general welfare needs.The cluster analysis also indicates limited government funding and the missions of religious organizations as possible constraints on system transformation. Further research is needed to understand the enablers and barriers to transforming the system from predominantly institutional care to a continuum of services in the context of deinstitutionalization in Bandung.

How ad hoc coalitions deinstitutionalize international institutions

Abstract As ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) proliferate, particularly on the African continent, two questions crystallize. First, what consequences do they bring about for the existing institutional security landscape? And second, how can the trend of AHCs operating alongside instead of inside international organizations be captured and explored conceptually? To answer these questions, we closely examine the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) fighting Boko Haram and its changing relationship to the African Union. Through the case-study and a review of policy and academic literatures, the article launches the concept of deinstitutionalization and how it can be characterized. We identify three features of deinstitutionalization: AHCs can bypass standard procedures for decision-making processes, whittle down established institutional scripts and shift resource allocations. We detail how the AHCs contribute to changing practices of financing international peace and security operations, with an examination of European Union and United Nations policies and practices. In sum, the article unwraps processes of deinstitutionalization and identifies three forms of rationales for this process: lack of problem-solving capacity, limited adaptability and path dependency.

Current debates regarding deinstitutionalisation for disabled people in South Korea

The process of deinstitutionalisation gained momentum in the late 20th century, driven by disability rights movements and increased awareness of the harms of institutionalisation. This paper provides an overview of deinstitutionalisation in South Korea, focusing on the transformation of large disability residential facilities since the 1970s, with efforts towards promoting independent living. Current debates highlight conflicting perspectives among stakeholders. Advocates, primarily disabled individuals, support accelerated deinstitutionalisation for its benefits in autonomy, social integration, and improved quality of life. However, oppositions from families and service providers express concerns about care gaps and the need for specialized support for people with higher support needs. The paper underscores the importance of establishing a consensus on deinstitutionalisation objectives and proposes multidimensional alternatives, including legislative reforms, expanded community services, and improved facilities. Fostering social agreement is identified as pivotal for successful deinstitutionalisation and the well-being of disabled individuals.

The CRPD and Segregation

This paper explores the pervasive nature of the value system that is at the heart of the segregation of people with disabilities and analyses how it informs international law. It examines institutional responses to disability and how contemporary human rights provides a framework for social transformation and a process of deinstitutionalisation. First, the paper illuminates how the medical model underpins the conceptualisation of disability and results in an ableist standard within society. Secondly, the paper discusses the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the human rights model of disability that is fundamental to implementing Convention rights. The paper then describes the systematic and holistic interpretation of the CRPD by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities regarding the institutionalisation of people with disabilities and shows how article 19 of the Convention – Living independently and being included in the community – is to be understood in relation to other building blocks of the Convention. Finally, the paper explains how and why the institutionalisation of people with disabilities is segregation and a fundamental denial of human rights.

Law & Economics Applied to Spanish Popular Action

In Spanish Criminal process and Forensic practices, there is a controversial element so-called popular action. This one has given rise to different positions and judgments have been handed down on this matter too. In this context and in order to understand the basis of the case, it is important to know that there are situations that depending on how they are treated, by whom it can be persecuted, or the people affected by them, they were called one way or another, in addition to many other considerations, and due to the very nature of the illicit act, it is possible that people outside it can position themselves as accusers. This article offers an analysis from Law & Economics applied the popular action, with special attention to its development in Spain, its current risk of deinstitutionalization process and its paradox of active legitimacy.

Treatment of mentally disordered offenders in Italy: prisons and REMS

In Italy, the treatment of dangerous patients found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) underwent a radical reform in 2014 with the Law 81, that promulgated the closure of secure hospitals, Ospedali Psichiatrici Giudiziari (OPG), that provided psychiatric care within a secure setting. OPG were replaced by new psychiatric facilities called Residence for the Execution of a Security Measure (REMS) which currently host NGRI patients who cannot be sent to prison. Eight years after the creation of the REMS, many questions still need to be addressed in relation to their functions, limitations, and cooperation with the other services. This article describes the process of deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric care in Italy over the past forty years, which culminated in the creation of the REMS. The functioning of the REMS and some of the issues that have emerged since their creation are explored, and possible solutions are proposed. Finally, the impact of the 2014 reform on psychiatric care in Italian prisons is highlighted.

POSSIBILITIES AND BARRIERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUBSTITUTE CARE SYSTEM IN OPINIONS OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS – THE FINDINGS OF THE FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEVS

The key aim of this article is a presentation of barriers in implementing of processes of deinstitutionalization of the substitute care system, on the basis of opinions of local government officials and representatives of social organizations. The opinions were gathered in the Focus Group Interviews. This research was proceeded within the scope of a project: „The Pilot Study And Implementation Of Mechanisms And Planes Of Deinstitutionalization Of Social Services.” Additionally, obstacles in the deinstitutionalization activities of the communities in the substitute care area were generally put forward – insofar as it was possible, because of a limited framework of this paper. These activities were realized in the framework of local plans of deinstitutionalization of social services. Plans were prepared by local governments, which have been taking part in the project indicated above.This article circumscribes barriers in implementing of deinstitutionalization of the substitute care system, because in opinions of respondents and makers a success of deinstitutionalization depends on their overcoming. Knowledge about these barriers – both on the basis of opinions and experiences gaining in the course of preparing and implementing local plans - can provide assistance for the others local governments in our country for preparing more effective local plans of deinstitutionalization of social services in the area of substitute care system. And in the broader context - for the realization of one of the project aim, namely to working out of the framework, nationwide guidelines in the range of working out and implementing local plans of deinstitutionalization, among others in the area of subsitute care system. The guidelines will have a form of practical textbook including principles of leading local plans of deinstitutionalization, among others good practices in this extent.

SUPPORT FOR THE ELDERLY IN POLAND - IN SEARCH OF NEW SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL SERVICES

According to the Central Statistical Office data, the share of older people, i.e., aged 60 years and more in the total of Polish population will be over 32% in 2060. Thus there is a necessity for actions aimed at supporting older citizens who require various support, depending on their health status, psycho-physical condition and individual needs. The spectrum of activities for older people should be wide and differentiated due to the internal diversity of the aging population. The purpose of the article is to deliberate strategic assumptions and examples of actions implemented in local communities, such as community-based services offered by the social assistance system, in the context of deinstitutionalization process. The article presents selected results of the latest work of the Institute of Labour and Social Affairs conducted within the project entitled "Development and pilot implementation of mechanisms and plans for the deinstitutionalisation of social services”, carried out jointly with the Ministry of Family and Social Policy.

ON THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DEINSTITIONALIZATION OF CARE SERVICES

This article is intended to provide an insight into the first steps in the process of deinstitutionalisation of social services for dependent people in Poland, who have so far lived in traditional residential institutions. This was based on participation in a qualitative study by IPiSS as part of a pilot on the implementation of mechanisms and plans for deinstitutionalisation of social services. The main aim of the article is to formulate conclusions with reference to similar deinstitutionalisation processes in other, mainly European, countries on the basis of evaluation studies. This is a selective review, for two reasons. It deals only with the four groups of dependants with the highest levels of formal residential care: (a) children, (b) people with disabilities, (c) people with mental disorders and (d) the elderly. It also focuses particularly on the economic and management determinants of the actions taken that make them effective.The findings of this review highlight that successful denationalisation tends to be a costly process and involves people with greater capacity to live independently outside the institution. Moreover, when it is done in those local conditions where access to resources is easier: infrastructure, housing, financial and human resources, and local authorities have an adequate and long-term plan of action and a coordinating institution. All in all, deinstitutionalisation is a process of re-institutionalisation; existing care institutions are transformed, but only a certain proportion of residents take up independent living in their environment.

The deinstitutionalization of children and adolescents in El Salvador's child protection system

BackgroundIn 2010, El Salvador introduced legislation aimed at reforming the country's Child Protective System (CPS), with a focus on promoting deinstitutionalization. ObjectiveThe study aim was to explore the impact of deinstitutionalization on the Salvadoran CPS. Participants and settingThe study was conducted in El Salvador, granting authors unique access to key informants with extensive experience in the country's CPS. Unlike the United States, which is divided into states, El Salvador is divided into departments, and CPS providers were recruited from all 14 departments. Focus groups were facilitated in the East, West, and Central zones to ensure representation from all regions. MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews (n = 26) were conducted in June/July of 2019, which were then followed by focus groups (n = 4) in August 2019. The analysis of the data employed a combination of deductive and inductive thematic coding methods. ResultsCPS providers offered valuable insights, categorized into five main themes: (1) Strengths of El Salvador's CPS, (2) Deinstitutionalization policy encompassing socioenvironmental contextual factors, (3) Challenges in the deinstitutionalization process, including insufficient follow-up on deinstitutionalized children, (4) Recommendations from participants, highlighting the importance of enhancing stakeholder coordination/collaboration, and (5) The necessity for a paradigm shift, emphasizing the need to redefine the social contract on protecting children from child maltreatment. ConclusionsThe Salvadoran CPS requires substantial systemic changes. Encouragingly, key informants have demonstrated a commitment to reform not only the deinstitutionalization process but also the broader CPS system in El Salvador including case management and quality of care in institutional settings.

Pedagogical Resocialization of Children and Youth with Behavioral Problems

Deinstitutionalization of care and transformation of homes represent changes and improvement in the Croatian social welfare system’s work with children and young people. In the context of the deinstitutionalization processes in this article, we consider the resocialization process of children and youth with behavioral problems, and we are focused on pedagogical resocialization as one of the main prerequisites for its successful operationalization. Therefore, this research subject is considered from the point of view of an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the qualitative research is to analyze opinions and experiences of educational specialists and educators of the Community-based Service Center in Zadar, by conducting semi-structural interviews about the implementation of the pedagogical resocialization of children and youth with behavioral problems in the above-mentioned institution. According to the obtained results, it is possible to recognize their affirmative attitude towards resocialization processes within the framework of deinstitutionalization, whose implementation they consider as a successful simulation of family life. They also mention some shortcomings within the social welfare system; but, at the same time, the results imply that deinstitutionalization, as a kind of progress within the social welfare system, can also represent an incentive for the progress of all other factors and systems cooperating in this matter, such as the educational system.

First steps towards the deinstitutionalization of older adults: A protocol for the implementation of a complex intervention

BackgroundNursing homes are becoming increasingly important as end-of-life care facilities. However, many older adults want to stay in their homes as they age. ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of a deinstitutionalization process on selected institutionalized older adults who are willing to initiate the process. MethodsThis study, divided into two phases, will be carried out over 15 months on 241 residents living in two nursing homes in Navarra (Spain). The first phase has a cross-sectional design. We will identify the factors and covariates associated with feasibility and willingness to participate in a deinstitutionalization process by bivariate analysis, essential resources for the process and residents to participate in the process. The second phase has a complex interventional design to implement a deinstitutionalization process. An exploratory descriptive and comparative analysis will be carried out to characterize the participants, prescribed services and the impact deinstitutionalization intervention will have over time (quality of life will be the main outcome; secondary variables will be health, psychosocial, and resource use variables). This study will be accompanied by a pseudo-qualitative and emergent sub-study to identify barriers and facilitators concerning the implementation of this process and understand how intervention components and context influence the outcomes of the main study. Intervention components and the way the intervention is implemented will be of great relevance in the analysis. DiscussionAlternatives to institutionalization with adapted accommodation and community support can allow people who wish to return to the community. Trial registrationNCT05605392.

Svakodnevica osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u organiziranom stanovanju

The process of deinstitutionalization in Croatia intensified in 2014, as a significant number of people with intellectual disabilities (hereafter ID) moved from institutional settings to group homes, which serve as a model for community settings. The current research aims to find out what everyday life is like for people with ID in group homes. A qualitative, ethnographic approach was applied. The methods used were observation and in-depth interviews. The sample consists of 13 female and 14 male participants from 11 group homes located in different parts of Croatia. The results show that people with intellectual disabilities are partially involved in everyday tasks in organized housing, although there is much more potential. A large part of the day is spent aimlessly, but there are also many examples of meaningful leisure activities. Mutual relations between tenants are in principle fine, but there is a lack of substantial communication and more intensive contact. The unfavorable characteristics of everyday life are particularly evident among tenants with severe disabilities and in housing units where staff are present most or all the time. The results obtained are discussed in the context of existing research.

Beyond the asylum

AbstractMy research is situated within the literature looking at the processes of deinstitutionalisation of the mental health system through the lived geographies placed in between the walls of the asylum. It addresses mental health geographers' call for a situated knowledge about mental health and, by using the Italian psychiatric experience of the 1960s and 1970s as an example, stresses the importance of looking at care in both spatial and relational terms. Through a geographical understanding of the Italian psychiatric reform, that goes from Franco Basaglia's renowned work to the underrepresented experience of Turin, in northwest Italy, I will examine how space is intertwined with processes of mental health care. Additionally, I assess the role played by the interaction between spatial and relational elements in potentially enabling patients' self‐determination, empowerment and inclusion. The case of Turin—the story of which will be told through the analysis of archival material from a grassroots association called Associazione per la Lotta contro le Malattie Mentali—will serve to expand the common narrative around the Italian lesson and to give resonance to the instrumental role played at the time by both patients and civil society. By looking at the key events that led to the gradual dismantlement of the traditional psychiatric institutions in the metropolitan area of Turin, this paper contributes to the spatial turn in mental health studies, calling upon researchers to look at past achievements as something we still need to learn from and safeguard.

Young people leaving care and institutionalised vulnerability in the Russian Federation

Care leavers are often considered to constitute some of the most disadvantaged young people in society, and there exists a significant body of research that seeks to understand why some young people ‘succeed’, whereas others struggle due to accumulated ‘vulnerabilities’. Despite this extensive research base, policy and practice aiming to support young people leaving care remain diverse, indicating a lack of consensus on why some experience ‘poor outcomes’ and what might be done better to support them. This article focusses on the experiences of young people leaving care in the Russian Federation and makes two contributions; firstly, it provides theoretical insights through a critical discussion of the notion of vulnerability. We argue for attention to institutional vulnerabilities, which heavily structure the potential outcome of transitions available to young people leaving care in Russia. We note discourses and practices of dependency-related victim-blaming, which indicate the operation of ‘attribution errors’ in the Russian care and post-care systems, erroneously positioning individuals as responsible for their vulnerability rather than the dysfunction of systems of care. To fully understand the reasons for many young people’s ‘poorer outcomes’, we suggest refocussing attention towards the combined operation of discourses, systems and structures through the conceptual approach of ‘institutionalised vulnerability’. Secondly, the paper provides an empirical contribution in shedding light on the experiences of young people transitioning out of the care system as well as practitioners working in both the state and third sector in Russia, as the country experiences an ongoing process of deinstitutionalisation. This is important for other contexts given global efforts to deinstitutionalise residential child care settings.