Degress Of Freedom Research Articles

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Penjualan, Debt To Equity Ratio terhadap Petumbuhan Laba pada Sub Sektor Industri Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2020

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of Independent Commissioners, Audit Committees, Institusional Ownership, and Managerial Ownership (Good Corporate Governance) on Tax Avoidance in Companies and Banks in Indonesia. The method used in this research in quantitative. The data are secondary data obtained from the anancial statements of Banking Companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2015 – 2020 period. The population and the sampel used are Bank Companies that are under the auspices of BUMN (State Owned) with a total of four companies. The analytial method used is multiple linier analysis. Based on the results of the tests carried out in this study, can be seen from the F test and t test. Can be seen in the F test with result Fcount with FTable with significant level α = 0,05 can be known Fcount as big as 10,593 by comparing Ftable α = 0,05 with degress of freedom (df) n-k-1 or 24-4-1 = 19 Ftable value of 2,90 Fcount bigger than Ftable (10,593 > 2,90). The result on the t test partially Independent board of commisioners does not have a signifcant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 1,325 , Audit committees not have a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 0,522, Institusional ownership has a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 3,724, and Managerial Ownership not have a significant effect on tax avoidance with a significant 0,552. The results of this study can be concluded that simultaneously hassignificant effect on the independent variabel that is Independent Commissioner (X1) , Audit Committees (X2), Institusional Ownership (X3), and Managerial Ownership to the dependent variabel that is Tax Avoidance (Y).

Effectiveness of the application of the Group Investigation (GI) learning model method of people tutors using e-learning via online and offline in increasing learning outcome of IPA for class VIIIA students at public middle school 2 Tutuyan East Bolaang Mongondow district

The study model of the group’s investigation (GI) of peer tutoring methods using e-learning online and offline is an effective learning model to be used during the pandemic of the covid-19 (corona virus diseases-19). Research aims to see the effectiveness of the use of the GI model peer method using e-learning online and offline to improve learning. The method used was one group precursor posttest design experiment. The sample in this study is a VIIIA class with a total of 35 apprenicians. Data obtained from pretests and posttests based on statistical analyzes then followed by testing of test-t hypothesis using a separated variant = 89.55 and price with a=0.05 and degress of freedom = (35+35-2) =68 is 1.30. Since > (89.55 > 1.30) it can be concluded that was rejected, this means that there is an average level difference in the ability of science studies between students who study using the educational method of group investigation e-learning online and offline tutors with students who learn to use conventional learning at country’s second middle school.

THE USING OF ANIMATION MOVIES MEDIA IN IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL AT THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 4 PEMATANGSIANTAR

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Using Animation Movies in Improving the Students’ Writing Skill at the Tenth Grade of SMA N 4 Pematangsiantar. This research was conducted with quantitative content analysis method. The sample of this research were 71 students that get from tenth grade especially in social class with using two class where 35 students from the control class and 36 students from experimental class which the populations were 105 students. The data of this research is the writing test students’ writing skill of narrative text that collect with pre-test and post-test. Then the result of this research wasthe score of pre-test and post-test experimental class that give an animation movies media is higher from control class where the pretest control score < 1970 (pretest of experimental) and posttest control 2118 <2380 (posttest of experimental) with the hypothesis,tcount (6.407) >ttable (1.994) at the significance level α=0,05 with the degress of freedom (df) = 34. So, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It could b e conducted that the using of Animation Movies Media effect Significantly in improving the students’ Writing Skill at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 4 Pematangsiantar

Minimal Access Surgery – the Mile Stones

Surgery has come a long way from the crude methods of the past to the refined techniques of the present. Improvements in techniques and tools have made minimal-access procedures increasingly available. Growing popularity of laproscopy has resulted in greater numbers of patients available for outcomes analysis. In future remote handling technology will overcome the manipulative restriction in the current instruments. Robotic arms with multiple degress of freedom let a surgeon achieve a degree of dexterity which is amiss in rigid laparoscopic instruments. The future is knocking on the door and banging hard, but, as with all forms of technology, it depends upon how good the training is, and how much the learning curve can be shortended. JMS 2012;15(2):91-100.

A dopamine D4 receptor exon 3 VNTR allele protecting against migraine without aura

As dopamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine and antimigraine drugs have an effect on the dopamine system, the objective of this study was to examine the dopamine D4 receptor gene for involvement in the cause of migraine. We tested a VNTR-polymorphism in the dopamine D4 receptor gene, the exon 3 VNTR, in a sample of 190 family trios each with a proband with childhood migraine by using transmission disequilibrium test tests. We found a trend for transmission distortion of this marker in migraine, with the common seven-repeat allele of the VNTR transmitted 58 times and not transmitted 82 times (global likelihood ratio score (LRS) = 12.27, degress of freedom (DF) = 6, p = 0.06; for the 7-repeat allele: chi(2) = 5.1, p = 0.02). This effect came only from migraine without aura (145 trios), with the common 7-repeat allele transmitted 45 times and not transmitted 69 times (global LRS = 15.18; DF = 6, p = 0.019; for the 7-repeat allele: chi(2) = 6.4, p = 0.01; odds ratio, 0.47), whereas in migraine with aura (45 trios) there was no transmission distortion of the 7-repeat allele. We conclude that seven-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor VNTR is a protective factor for migraine without aura. Because migraine is a common disorder, this protective effect may have contributed to the positive selection acting on the dopamine D4 receptor exon 3 VNTR seven-repeat allele in recent human history. We speculate that dopamine function in the lateral parabrachial nucleus is involved in migraine without aura.

Singular analysis of bifurcation of nonlinear normal modes for a class of systems with dual internal resonances

The nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) associated with integrnal resonance can be classified into two kinds: uncoupled and coupled. The bifurcation problem of the coupled NNM of systems with 1∶2∶5 dual internal resonance is in two variables. The singular analysis of it is presented after separating the two variables by taking advantage of Maple algebra, and some new bifurcation paterns are found. Different from the NNMs of systems with single internal resonance, the number of the NNMs of systems with dual internal resonance may be more or less than the number of the degress of freedom. At last, it is pointed out that bifurcation problems in two variables can be conveniently solved by separating variables as well as using coupling equations.

Pattern Formation Phenomena in Contact Rotating Systems. 2nd Report, Stabilizing Technique for Roll Systems with Many Degrees of Freedom by Using Simplified Method of Stability Analysis.

In the previous report, the authors introduced the energy factor into two- and three-degree-of -freedom systems in order to analyze efficiently the pattern fromation phenomena in contact rotating systems. Such phenomena are caused by the unstable vibrations generated in time delay systems. The energy factor represents the intensity of instability of the time delay systems. In addition, the authors suggested a simplified method to analyze easily and efficiently the stability of the time delay systems by using energy factor. In this report, the concept of energy factor and the simplified stability analysis are applied to the system with many degress of freedom, that is modeled from the multi stage super calendar roil system practically used in the paper making machine. A design procedure to prevent the occurrence of unstable vibration is also formulated. The validity of the present methods is confirmed from the numerical computational results.

Unitary time evolution of a damped quantum harmonic oscillator

A new exactly tractable Hamiltonian model describing a small system coupled to many degress of freedom is introduced. A unitary operator accomplishing its diagonalization is reported. Some applications are briefly discussed.

Dynamics of a multi-DOF beam system with discontinuous support

This paper deals with the long term behaviour of periodically excited mechanical systems consisting of linear components and local nonlinearities. The particular system investigated is a 2D pinned-pinned beam, which halfway its length is supported by a one-sided spring and excited by a periodic transversal force. The linear part of this system is modelled by means of the finite element method and subse1uently reduced using a Component Mode Synthesis method. Periodic solutions are computed by solving a two-point boundary value problem using finite differences or, alternatively, by using the shooting method. Branches of periodic solutions are followed at a changing design variable by applying a path following technique. Floquet multipliers are calculated to determine the local stability of these solutions and to identify local bifurcation points. Also stable and unstable manifolds are calculated. The long term behaviour is also investigated by means of standard numerical time integration, in particular for determining chaotic motions. In addition, the Cell Mapping technique is applied to identify periodic and chaotic solutions and their basins of attraction. An extension of the existing cell mapping methods enables to investigate systems with many degress of freedom. By means of the above methods very rich complex dynamic behaviour is demonstrated for the beam system with one-sided spring support. This behaviour is confirmed by experimental results.

Controlling robot manipulators by dynamic programming

A certain number of considerations should be taken into account in the dynamic control of robot manipulators as highly complex non-linear systems. In this article, we provide a detailed presentation of the mechanical and electrical implications of robots equipped with DC motor actuators. This model takes into account all non-linear aspects of the system. Then, we develop computational algorithms for optimal control based on dynamic programming. The robot's trajectory must be predefined, but performance criteria and constraints applying to the system are not limited and we may adapt them freely to the robot and the task being studied. As an example, a manipulator arm with 3 degress of freedom is analyzed.

Free vibration of laminated plates using a finite strip method based on a higher-order plate theory

The finite strip method based on the higher-order plate theory is developed for determining the natural frequencies of laminated plates. This method can accurately predict the through thickness effect of transverse shear deformation. Furthermore, only a few degress of freedom are required in the finite strip method. Some numerical results for various span-to-thickness ratios, material properties and stack sequences are presented for illustrative purposes. The present model provides a better way to obtain more accurate natural frequency results.

A discrete-time Garnier system

A new integrable symplectic map is introduced, approximating in the continous-time limit the Garnier system. A discrete- time Lax pair representation, as well as its r-matrix interpretation, are also found for this system. A simple reduction leads to a discrete-time anharmonic oscillator with arbitrary many degress of freedom, which is also shown to be integrable.

Geometrically non-linear analysis of symmetrically laminated composite and sandwich shells with a higher-order theory and C0 finite elements

A C 0 continuous displacement based finite element formulation of a higher order theory for linear and geometrically non-linear analysis which accounts for large displacements in the sense of von Karman of symmetrically laminated composite and sandwich shells under transverse loads is presented. The displacement model accounts for non-linear and constant variation of tangential and transverse displacement components, respectively, through the shell thickness. The assumed displacement model climinates the use of shear correction coefficients. The discrete element chosen is a nine-node quadrilateral element with nine degress of freedom per node. The accuracy of the present formulation is then established by comparing the present results with the available analytical. closed-form two-dimensional solutions, three-dimensional elasticity solutions and other finite element solutions. Some new results are generated for future comparisons to and evaluations of sandwich shells.

Application of Microtexture Measurements in the SEM to Grain Boundary Parameters

This paper discusses how microtexture data, i.e. individual orientations which are measured on a grain and environmentally specific basis, are applied to grain boundary geometrical parameters. Three main areas are addressed: the “interface-plane” scheme for specifying the five degress of freedom of a boundary, comparisons of experimental techniques for data collection, and representation of grain boundary misorientations in Rodrigues-Frank space. Particular attention is paid to electron back-scatter diffraction as a method of probing grain boundary misorientation and the crystallographic orientation of the grain boundary plane.

Three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of pipelaying

The dynamic behaviour of pipelines in stinger and J-type pipelaying is studied by solving numerically a three-dimensional, nonlinear, large deformation model. The pipeline is modeled as a thin-walled, slender, locally stiff, extensible or inextensible, tubular beam-column, subject to nonlinear, three-dimensional, deformation dependent hydrodynamic loads, torsion, distributed moments, varying axial tension, internal and external fluid static forces, gravity, and seabed friction. Unilaterial contact constraints are imposed by the fixed seabed and the moving stinger. A time incremental, finite element algorithm is developed to solve the problem numerically by gradually applying the load. Nonpenetration and nonadhesion principles are used to impose the seabed and the time dependent stinger constraints. Constrained degress of freedom are identified and assembled in a condensed problem, which produces constraint reaction forces. In order to study the pipelaying dynamics, several applications are simulated numerically for two and three-dimensional, moderate and deep water, stinger and J -type pipelaying.

Biomechanics of highly precise movements: The aiming process in air rifle shooting

The position of the aiming line of the rifle in relation to the target center and fluctuations of the rifle were recorded with the specially designed optoelectronic device and ‘Selspot’ system respectively. It was found that while aiming, qualified shooters apply a ‘fixation’ strategy. With an increase in skill level, a decrease in general fluctuations at the rifle as well as random aiming error have been found. The decrease of aiming point fluctuation is partially achieved by compensating rifle movements relative to various degress of freedom.

Active suppression control method of fluid vibrations in a container. 2nd Report. Vibration control of the liquid in transferring a container by considering the rotational motion.

This paper describes an active control method to suppress liquid vibration while transferring a container. We propose a basic model of a mobile robot for the transportation of liquid using a container. This model considers the rotational motion of the liquid in a container in a case in which the liquid is accelerated horizontally. The model is a linearized lumped model with two degress of freedom, such as one rotation and one directional transferring metion. Based on this basic model, we propose the application of the optimal control mothod. The efficiency of this control method for suppressing the liquid vibration in a container is shown by simulation and experiment in comparison with the other control methods in this paper.

Dynamics of vehicles with directionally sliding wheels

Vehicles with directionally sliding wheels i.e. wheels that can slide at a fixed direction relative to their plane and that keep a constant orientation relative to the vehicle, are increasingly used as automated guided vehicles (A.G.V.) due to their advantageous kinematical properties as compared to conventional vehicles: firstly, they can be provided with the three degrees of freedom of a rigid body plane motion, which are related to wheels angular velocity by means of a constant matrix. Besides this, a suitable use of only two degress of freedom can lead to a direct relationship between vehicle positon and wheels angular displacement. In the present article their equations of motion are obtained by means of the virtual work method—their derivation as Appell equations is also revised—and the required driving torques are determined from them. An optimum solution is found by means of the pseudo-inverse matrix for vehicles with more than three driving wheels. Two illustrative examples are presented.

On canonical and functional integral quantization of Yang-Mills theory

The canonical and functional integral quantization of Yang-Mills theory is discussed. The gauge-fixing «weak» conditionsAa0≈0,Aa3≈0 over phase space are found to be very convenient for any gauge group and in the presence of interactions. These conditions fix the gauge for arbitrary strong field and we obtain a description of Yang-Mills field in terms of physical degress of freedom only.

A passive assembly device for the speedy assembly of pegs in holes

A system has been devised for the fast assembly of pegs in holes using a guiding frame which has four degress of freedom and which is separated from the insertion actuator.