Degree Of Technology Transfer Research Articles

The impact of technology transfer on managerial delegation under vertical product differentiation

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of technology transfer on managerial delegation contracts. Under price competition, if technology transfer occurs, it increases the level of managerial delegation of a firm producing low‐quality product. When the degree of technology transfer is relatively high, technology transfer improves the managerial delegation of producing high‐quality products. When the degree of technology transfer is relatively low, technology transfer reduces the managerial delegation of firms producing high‐quality products. Under quantity competition, technology transfer reduces the managerial delegation coefficient of all firms. We further analyze the Stackelberg competition and the royalty situation.

Geopolítica y cooperación espacial: China y América del Sur

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la cooperación entre China y América del Sur en el campo espacial, a partir de dos preguntas: 1) ¿qué lugar ocupa la política espacial en la estrategia geopolítica de China y cómo entra la región suramericana en ella?; y 2) ¿se trata de un caso de cooperación Sur-Sur? Para responder estos interrogantes, usamos un enfoque geopolítico y tomamos en cuenta tres factores: 1) si existen condicionamientos políticos o económicos por parte de China; 2) si hay transferencia en materia de tecnología; y 3) si se produjo alguna cesión de soberanía. Como resultado, planteamos que la política espacial china es parte central de su estrategia de expansión global, pero que es selectiva en América del Sur, en tanto se focaliza en determinados países; y que, a pesar de la proclama de establecer un tipo de cooperación ‘horizontal’, el vínculo en el campo espacial es más bien asimétrico.

Empirical Investigation on the Effects of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer Characteristics on Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer: A Holistic Model

The current issue on inter-firm technology transfer (TT) is centered on the efficiency and effectiveness of the transfer process by the multinationals (MNCs) where the success is strongly associated with degree of technology transferred to local partners. Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of four critical technology transfer characteristics: knowledge, technology recipient, technology supplier, and relationship characteristics on two distinct dimensions of degree of technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge. Using the quantitative analytical approach, the theoretical model and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). Data obtained from the survey questionnaires were analyzed using the correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses. The results revealed that relationship characteristics have the strongest significant effects on both degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge followed by technology supplier and recipient characteristics. Contrary to the study’s prediction, but still consistent with the recent development in literature, knowledge characteristics have only significantly affected degree of explicit knowledge not degree of tacit knowledge. The study has bridged the literature gaps by providing empirical evidence on the effects of four critical technology transfer characteristics: knowledge, technology recipient, technology supplier, and relationship characteristics on two distinct dimensions of degree of inter-firm technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge in IJVs in a single model.

Examining the Moderating Effects of MNCs’ Country of Origin in the Relationship between Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer and Local Firms’ Performance

The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of MNCs’ country of origin (Western vs. Asian MNCs) in the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and two dimensions of local firms’ performance: corporate and human resource performances. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR) analysis, the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that MNCs’ country of origin has significantly affected the relationships between degrees of technology transfer and local firms’ corporate performance; where the relationship was found stronger for Asian MNCs as compared to Western MNCs. However, MNCs’ country of origin did not significantly moderate the relationship between degree of technology transfer and local firms’ human resource performance. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence and new insights on the significant moderating effects of MNCs’ country of origin in the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and local firms’ performance technology using the Malaysian sample.

Moderating Effect of MNCs’ Equity Ownership in the Relationship Between Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer and Local Firms’ Performance

The inter-firm technology transfers (TT) through international joint ventures (IJVs), among others, have significantly contributed to a higher degree of local innovation performance/capabilities, technological capabilities, competitive advantage, organizational learning effectiveness, productivity, technological development of local industry, and the economic growth of the host country. Since the focus of inter-firm TT in developing countries has shifted to degree of technology transfer, organizations in developing countries are attempting to assess not only the significant role of technology transfer in strengthening their corporate and human resource performance but also the influence of other critical variables such as MNCs’ size, age of JVs, country of origin, MNCs’ equity ownership (MNCEQTY) and MNC’s type of industries that could significantly moderate the relationship. Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of equity ownership of MNCs (50/50 equal ownership between MNCs and local JV partners vs. minor/majority ownership by MNCs) in the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and two dimensions of local firms’ performance: corporate (CPERF) and human resource (HEPERF) performances. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR) analysis, the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that equity ownership of MNCs has been established to provide a significant moderating effects in 1) TTDEG-CPERF relationship; where the relationship was found stronger for minor/majority ownership by MNCs as compared to 50/50 equal ownership between JV partners, and 2) TTDEG-HRPERF relationship; where the relationship was found stronger for 50/50 equal ownership between JV partners as compared to minor/majority ownership by MNCs. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence and new insights on the significant moderating effects of equity ownership of MNCs in the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and local firms’ performancetechnology using the Malaysian sample.

Investigating the Moderating Effects of Age of Joint Venture in the Relationship between Relationship Characteristics and Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer

Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of size of MNCs on the relationships between relationship characteristics: relationship quality and mutual trust and two distinct dimensions of degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge within IJVs. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR), the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that size of MNCs has significantly affected the relationship between relationship characteristics (relationship quality and mutual trust) and degree of tacit knowledge; where the relationship was found stronger for medium/small MNCs than large MNCs. However, size of MNCs did not moderate the relationship between relationship characteristics and degree of explicit knowledge. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence on the moderating effect of size of MNCs on the relationships between relationship characteristics and two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge using the Malaysian sample.

MNCs’ Size, Technology Recipient Characteristics and Technology Transfer in International Joint Ventures

Abstract While realizing that technologies, knowledge, and competencies are the technology supplier’s main source of competitive advantage, the current inter-firm technology transfer (TT) issue in international joint ventures (IJVs) revolves around the extent of degree of technologies that are transferred by the suppliers to recipient partners in terms of tacit and explicit knowledge. Previous studies on intra-firm knowledge transfer have acknowledged the significant influence of technology actors and facilitators/barriers such as the knowledge transferred, source, recipient and contextual/relational characteristics in the knowledge transfer process. Although previous studies have established the significant relationships between technology transfer determinants and technology transfer, however, these relationships could possibly have been moderated by size of MNCs. Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of size of MNCs on the relationships between technology recipient characteristics: absorptive capacity (ACAP) and recipient collaborativeness (RCOL) and two distinct dimensions of degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge within IJVs. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR), the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that size of MNCs has significantly affected the relationship between technology recipient characteristics (absorptive capacity and recipient collaborativeness) and degree of tacit knowledge; where the relationship was found stronger for medium/small MNCs than large MNCs. However, size of MNCs did not moderate the relationship between technology

Measuring the Effects of Technology Suppliers’ Characteristics on Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer based on Knowledge-Based View and Organizational Learning Perspective

The inter-firm technology transfers within collaborative joint ventures (JVs) have often involved close tradeoffs between the willingness of technology supplier to transfer a considerable amount of their technologies to technology recipient, degree of protection of the proprietary technology, knowledge and competencies as the source of the supplier’s competitive advantage, and motivation to transfer. While technology transfers through JVs, have been acknowledged by many studies as the most efficient formal mechanism in internalizing the partner’s technologies, knowledge and skills, the transfer process has frequently involved various facilitators, actors and complex relationship between partners which cause direct impact on degree of technology transfer. Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of two critical elements of technology supplier characteristics: partner protectiveness and transfer capacity on two dimensions of degree of technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge. Using the quantitative analytical approach, the theoretical model and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). Data obtained from the survey questionnaires were analyzed using the correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions. The results revealed that partner protectiveness, as the critical element of technology recipient characteristics, had 1) a low significant effect on degree of tacit knowledge, and 2) no significant effect on degree of explicit knowledge. Nonetheless, transfer capacity showed strong significant effects on both degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge; where the effect on degree of explicit knowledge is slightly stronger than its effect on degree of tacit knowledge. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence on the effects of two generic technology supplier attributes: partner protectiveness and transfer capacity on degree of inter-firm technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge in IJVs.

Investigating the Moderating Effects of Size of MNCs in the Relationship between Relationship Characteristics and Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer

Based on the underlying knowledge-based view (KBV) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives, the main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of size of MNCs on the relationships between relationship characteristics: relationship quality and mutual trust and two distinct dimensions of degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge within IJVs. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR), the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that size of MNCs has significantly affected the relationship between relationship characteristics (relationship quality and mutual trust) and degree of tacit knowledge; where the relationship was found stronger for medium/small MNCs than large MNCs. However, size of MNCs did not moderate the relationship between relationship characteristics and degree of explicit knowledge. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence on the moderating effect of size of MNCs on the relationships between relationship characteristics and two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge using the Malaysian sample.

Inter-Firm Technology Transfer and Performance in International Joint Venture Firms

The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge on two dimensions of performance: corporate and human resource performances. Using the quantitative analytical approach, the theoretical model and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). Data obtained from the survey questionnaires were analyzed using the correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions. The results revealed that degree of tacit knowledge, as a distinct dimension of degree of technology transfer, has a significant effect on both corporate and human resource performances; where its effect was much stronger on corporate performance. Similarly, degree of explicit knowledge has shown consistent strong significant effects on both corporate and human resource performance; where its effect on human resource performance was found much stronger than corporate performance. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence on the effects of two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge on two dimensions of performance: corporate and human resource performances in IJVs.

Age of Joint Venture, Inter-Firm Technology Transfer and Local Firms’ Performance

The inter-firm technology transfers (TT) through international joint ventures (IJVs), among others, have significantly contributed to a higher degree of local innovation performance/capabilities, technological capabilities, competitive advantage, organizational learning effectiveness, productivity, technological development of local industry, and the economic growth of the host country. Since the focus of inter-firm TT in developing countries has shifted to degree of technology transfer, organizations in developing countries are attempting to assess not only the significant role of technology transfer in strengthening their corporate and human resource performance but also the influence of other critical variables such as MNCs’ size, age of JVs (JVAGE), country of origin, and MNC’s type of industries that could significantly moderate the relationship. The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the moderating effect of age of JV (old vs. young JVs) on the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and two dimensions of local firms’ performance: corporate and human resource performances. Using the moderated multiple regression (MMR) analysis, the theoretical models and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). The results revealed that age of JV has significantly affected the relationships between degrees of technology transfer and both dimensions of local firms’ performance; where the relationships were found stronger for old JVs as compared to young JVs. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence and new insights on the significant moderating effects of age of JVs in the relationships between degree of inter-firm technology transfer and local firms’ performance using the Malaysian sample.

Effects of Critical Knowledge Characteristics on Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer

Problem statement: The current issue on inter-firm technology transfe r in the developing countries is centered on the efficiency and effecti veness of the transfer process by the Multinational s (MNCs). Thus, organizations in the developing countries are striving hard to collaborate, learn and internalize their foreign partner's technological k nowledge by forming strategic alliances or International Joint Ventures (IJVs) as an efficient mean to increase their competitiveness, technological capabilities and potential for local innovation. Knowledge as the critical element underlying technology has become one of the main factors that affects the success and failure of inter - firm technology transfer within IJVs which is measu red by the degree of technology transferred. Based on the underlying knowledge-based view perspective, this paper aims to empirically examine the effect of three critical knowledge characteristics: Tacitn ess, complexity and specificity on degree of technology transfer and its two dimensions: Degree of tacit and explicit knowledge. Approach: The theoretical model and hypotheses in this study were tested using empirical data gathered from 128 join t venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia. Data obtained from the survey questionnaires were analyzed using the corre lation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The results revealed that tacitness and complexity as two critical elements of knowledge characteristics have significant effects on both degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge; with complexity recording slightly stronger effect than tacitness. However, although specificity has a strong theoretical foundation, it did not record si gnificant effect. Conclusion: The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it provides empiri cal evidence on the effects of three generic knowle dge attributes: Tacitness, complexity and specificity o n degree of inter-firm technology transfer and its two dimensions: Degree of tacit and explicit knowledge.

Components of technology transfer: a comparative analysis of offset and non-offset companies in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia was the first country of the Gulf Cooperation Council to implement an offset related investment programme with foreign contractors to help build its technological and human capital through technology transfer. The paper examines the various offset programmes undertaken and compares these with private sector non-offset joint venture investments to assess the effectiveness of technology transfer in both sectors using a model of technology transfer 'packaging comprehensiveness '. The results indicate a greater degree of technology transfer for the offset related programmes but the current Saudi educational structure needs to be directed towards science based subjects in order for such technology transfers to become self sustaining and high value job generating in the future.