Degree Of State Anxiety Research Articles

Особенности психологического статуса матерей недоношенных и доношенных детей

Aim: To evaluate the psychological peculiarities of mothers of preterm and term birth infants, and their attitude to breastfeeding before and after childbirth. Design: Observational study. Materials and methods. The subjects of the research were a pregnant woman at 12-week gestation randomly selected from 5 maternity hospitals in Yerevan. 268 pregnant women were eligible for inclusion in this observational study and created a total group. After birth, mothers were divided into groups of full-term (n = 239) and premature (n = 29) babies. We analysed baseline demographics, health information of the mother, history of pregnancy and delivery, as well as health information of babies. We assessed the presence of depressive symptoms with a Beck Depression Inventory and situational and individual anxiety levels with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. Assessment of the psychological status demonstrated a high level of state anxiety: 26.7 ± 1.4 and 45.8 ± 1.5 points in mothers of full-term and premature babies, respectively; in mothers of premature babies, the value was significantly higher (р < 0.05). Personal anxiety was relatively inert, there were no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Depressive symptoms were also more pronounced in preterm mothers (moderate depression) than in term birth mothers (mild mood disturbance): 22.5 ± 0.8 points vs. 11.4 ± 0.9 points (p < 0.01). The majority of women (68.3%) who had preterm delivery had a high level of state anxiety (р < 0.01 vs. mothers of full-term babies). Women who were ready to breastfeed longer after the baby is born had more marked signs of depression. In mothers full-term and premature babies, the attitude to breastfeeding before delivery demonstrated direct correlation with the level of depression on Beck depression inventory (r = 0.75, p = 0.02 and r = 0.68, p < 0.01, respectively). The degree of state anxiety in mothers of premature babies correlated with hospitalisation duration (r = 0.9, p = 0.008). Conclusions. Mothers of preterm infants need psychological care based on high level of situational anxiety and depressive symptoms. Breastfeeding is a good biological tool for improved interaction of the mother with her baby; it boosts psychological comfort and reduces anxiety and depression. Keywords: preterm birth, anxiety, depression, mother-infant interaction.

Impact of trait anxiety on psychological well-being in men with prostate cancer.

The aim of the present study was to determine state anxiety following radical treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa), and the impact of trait anxiety on psychological well-being in affected patients. The present study was a cross-sectional survey of 70 men with localized PCa performed between February 2012 and July 2012. Of those, 21, 24, and 25 patients were treated by radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB), and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), respectively. State anxiety, trait anxiety, and general health were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and 8 Items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8). The rate of very high and high state anxiety in patients who received RRP was 47.6%, while that in patients who received PPB and EBRT was 40.0% and 37.5%, respectively. In contrast, the rate of very high and high trait anxiety in the RRP group was much lower (23.7%). Trait anxiety showed a high correlation with state anxiety and the mental health component summary of SF-8 (correlation coefficient=0.715, -0.504). Trait anxiety was associated with the degree of state anxiety regarding treatments for PCa, followed by change in state anxiety, which might have effects on psychological well-being. Information regarding state anxiety as a consequence of treatments and trait anxiety measurement tool are important considerations for treatment decision-making in newly diagnosed PCa patients.

P03-200 - RCT: oxcarbazepine in alcohol relapse prevention

ObjectivesWe have compared oxcarbazepine (OXC) with acamprosate (ACP) in relapse prevention in recently withdrawn alcohol dependent patients. Oxcarbazepine blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Its metabolite reduces high-voltage-activated calcium currents in striatal and cortical neurons, thus reducing glutamatergic transmission at corticostriatal synapses. This reduction is of interest in the treatment of alcohol dependence, since acamprosate modulates NMDA receptors, resulting in an inhibition of glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, OXC has revealed a mood-stabilizing effect in bipolar affective disorders.MethodsIn a randomized open label pilot study 30 detoxified alcohol dependent patients were followed up for six months to assess treatment outcome in pharmacological relapse prevention. 15 alcoholics were treated with OXC and 15 with ACP. We asked for the time until first and heavy relapse and for drinks on drinking days. We assessed craving (OCDS), the severity of depression (ADS) and the degree of state anxiety (STAI).ResultsAfter withdrawal, time to severe relapse and time to first consumption of any ethanol by OXC patients was not longer than for ACP patients. Abstinent patients in both study groups showed significantly lower OCDS-G than relapsed patients. No undesired effects occurred when OXC patients consumed alcohol.While the current sample size clearly limits further conclusions from this pilot study, it is noteworthy that OXC is well tolerated. Thus, in medication-based relapse prevention, OXC could have the potential of a promising alternative for alcoholic patients unable to benefit from ACP or naltrexone or who suffer from affective lability. OXC certainly merits a larger placebo controlled trial.

Effect of stress on information processing in the dental implant surgery setting

Dental implantation is a stressful experience, both physically and psychologically. The effect of anxiety on the patient's ability to process relevant information prior to a stressful clinical situation (implant insertion) was evaluated. The study included 98 healthy patients, scheduled for implant insertion. Two different audio-tapes with relevant information regarding implant insertion were listened to immediately pre-operatively. Recognition questionnaires, consisting of 21 statements (correct and false information) were prepared, one for each tape. The dental anxiety scale (DAS), degree of state anxiety (SA), evaluation of pain expected during surgery, and extent to which patients understood the information provided were examined on 100 mm visual analogue scales. A significant positive correlation was found between patients' DAS and SA and between patients' expectation to experience pain during the surgical procedure. Certainty of understanding (CU) significantly contributed to the explanation of correctly classified statements (beta=-0.43, t=3.71, P<0.01). CU was positively related to SA and negatively to DAS. In a stressful pre-surgical situation, the ability to process relevant information may be severely impaired and should not be given to patients immediately before planned treatment.

Retelling Anxious Events: Effects on Trait and State Anxiety

Our goal was to evaluate an effective method for inducing experimental anxiety which would (a) be personally relevant, (b) be based on ‘real-life’ anxiety and (c) require as little experimenter intervention as possible. Undergraduates varying in trait anxiety (STAI) were videotaped while describing a very anxiety-producing and a happy event from their past. Participants experienced more anxiety when describing the anxiety-producing event than when describing the happy event and showed a decrease in state anxiety as the experiment progressed. The higher the subjects' degree of trait anxiety, the higher their degree of state anxiety, their anxiety about being videotaped, and their anxiety over the possibility of being negatively evaluated by others. The procedure investigated shows promise as an effective ethical method for generating anxiety with particular applicability for studies of anxiety in helping relationships.

Appraisal of stressful situations

The purposes of this study were to (1) sample representative stressful situations experienced by normal, employed adults in their daily lives; (2) to examine the correlations between situation appraisals and degree of state anxiety both inter- and intra-individually; and (3) to assess the degree of consistency of appraisals and responses across situations. Twenty-one male and twenty-one female employed adults participated in a study of stressful situations encountered over a 6 week period. The intersubject analyses revealed significant correlations between state anxiety and appraisals (perceptions) of social evaluation, physical danger, ambiguity, importance and control. Intrasubject analyses indicated that only the correlations between state anxiety and appraisals of physical danger and perceived control accounted for more than 10% of the variance. Consistency across occasions, in general, was higher for state anxiety responses than for situation appraisals.

The relationship between maturity of Christian faith and anxiety of patients with cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the maturity of Christian faith and anxiety. Nurses are concerned with the spiritual dimension of clients' experience. The subjects of this study were patients with cancer in Y. University Hospital in Seoul. Subjects were selected who knew their diagnosis, were aged 20 or older and agreed to the interview. A total of 35 patients were interviewed from August 1 to September 15, 1988. The instruments used in this study were the maturity of Christian faith scale developed by H.S. Choi and modified by the investigator, and an anxiety scale developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed by statistical methods including Frequency, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results included the following: Hypothesis, "That as the degree of maturity of Christian faith of the patients increases, the degree of state anxiety will decrease", was supported (gamma = -.8061, p less than .001). According to this study, maturity of Christian faith is significantly related to the reduction of anxiety of patients with cancer. In a holistic approach to their clients, nurses may have confidence that the maturity of Christian faith of their clients will contribute to the reduction of anxiety.