Degree Of Orderliness Research Articles

Regional Economic Growth and Environmental Protection in China: The Yellow River Basin Economic Zone as an Example

This study used the coordinated development of the regional economy and ecological environment in the Yellow River basin as the research object and selected 13 indicators representing the regional economic subsystem that reflect economic scale, economic structure, and economic efficiency in order to explore a path of high-quality economic development suitable for China’s national conditions and realize the modernization of China with common prosperity for all people. The coupling weights of each indicator were then calculated separately, along with the degree of orderliness between the two subsystems of the regional economy and ecological environment. Finally, the degree of synergy between the two subsystems was calculated. The subjective weights and objective weights of each indicator were first estimated using hierarchical analysis (AHP) and conflicting correlation among criteria (CRITIC). The findings reveal a strong growth tendency in the regional economic development of the Yellow River basin and a wave-like growth pattern in ecological environment indicators. Since it overtook the ecological economy in 2017, the orderliness of the regional economic subsystem has continued this growth trend, demonstrating that the regional economy is in front of the ecological environment and is in a dominant position. The Yellow River basin’s composite system of regional economic and natural environment exhibits a low-level synergy stage and an M-shaped development pattern of alternating increases and decreases. As a result, many solutions are suggested, including promoting high-quality growth with greater levels of opening, modifying the regional economic structure, and stepping up ecological environmental protection.

Research on the Synergistic Effect of the Composite System for High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy in China

The key to achieving the high-quality development of the marine economy (HDME) is to facilitate synergy through the coordination of marine elements. By adopting a perspective concerning complex systems, this paper presents a comprehensive framework—the composite system for high-quality development of the marine economy (CSHDME)—that synergistically integrates the five dimensions of “economy—technology—ecological—society—culture” in the marine domain. Building upon this framework, in this paper, we construct a CSHDME synergy evaluation index system using relevant data from 11 coastal provinces in China from 2010 to 2020. We utilize the subsystem orderliness degree model and composite system synergy degree model to calculate the degree of subsystem orderliness and degree of composite system synergy for the CSHDME as well as analyze the development status of the CSHDME subsystem and the degree of CSHDME synergy. The results indicate that: (1) the five-dimensional subsystem of the CSHDME exhibits an overall trend of year-on-year growth, with significant development disparities; (2) the degree of the synergy of the CSHDME is characterized by strong regional differences, strong fluctuations, instability, and low synergy; (3) the degree of the synergy of the CSHDME demonstrates the spatial evolution characteristics of low synergy, strong differences, strong fluctuations, and high agglomeration; and (4) the degree of orderliness and development speed of subsystems affect the degree of the synergy of the CSHDME. Therefore, measures such as the rational allocation of marine resources, accurate improvement of shortcomings, optimization of the spatial layout, and strengthening of regional cooperation should be considered to further promote the synergistic development of the CSHDME.

Structural diagrams and thermodynamics relating to temperature and compositions of Ag561−nCun (n = 0-561) nanoalloys during cooling from atomic simulations

The packing changes of Ag_561-nCu_n (n = 0-561) nanoparticles during cooling were studied by molecular dynamics simulations at atomic scale. Structural diagrams as well as packing images presented liquid, disordered, and some ordered patterns. Pair distribution functions were used to characterize some typical structures. Potential energy and shape factors identified the transition’s temperature regime and the effect of cooling on the shape’s changes of the alloyed particles. The simulation results show composition effect on the transition temperatures and complex structural patterns. For these Cu-Ag nanoalloys, which contain small amount of Cu or Ag atoms, they show alternating FCC and icosahedral packing patterns at low temperatures, and core-shell configurations prefer to occur in the Cu-rich particles, where the Cu occupy the interior of the particles. Compositions and degree of orderliness in packing contribute to the entropy of the alloyed nanoparticles.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МЕТОДОМ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПАРАМАГНИТНОГО РЕЗОНАНСА ВЛИЯНИЯ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ И СТРУКТУРНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ НА ПРОЦЕССЫ ОСТЕОИНТЕГРАЦИИ ДЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ МИКРОСТРУКТУРОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ

Aim. Study by the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) physical- chemical and structural features of bone tissue and their effect on the processes of osseointegration during dental implantation using implants with different macro-microstructure of the surface.
 Material and methods. The experimental study was conducted on 7 Vietnamese visobryu-pig mini-pigs. Under anesthesia, implants with different macro-microstructures of the surface (SLA, RBM, ) were installed under the methods of direct and delayed implantation. At different dates of the experiment, after the appropriate anesthesia, the gentle method was to remove implants with small fragments of periemplant bone tissue. Macro-drugs of bone tissue of the jaws after sawing on blocks and extraction of implants, as well as appropriate preparation, were investigated by the method of stationary electronic paramagnetic resonance.
 Results. As a result of the study it was revealed that the insertation of the implant into the jaw bone leads to structural changes in the surrounding bone implant. After prior exposure, the EPR spectrums, caused by different types of paramagnetic centers, were observed in the samples studied. Two types of centers, , have been identified. and F is the center. The spectrum of the second type reflects the presence in hydroxiapatites of lattice defects associated with isomorphism, and, . The findings suggest that one of the reasons for the higher content of free radicals (SR) in bone tissue derived from radiation, after dental implantation is the weakening of chemical bonds, greater mobility of fragments that make up its structure. It must be assumed that the high content of SR in the bone in the postoperative period is nothing but a result of the disruption of the mineralization process, which is accompanied by the replacement of phosphate groups with carbonate ions that are free-radicalized. It has also been revealed that the structural integrity of the bone depends to a large extent on the degree of orderliness of microcrystals of hydroxyapatite. According to EPR, the most favorable bone recovery (the process of osseointegration) occurs when using implants with a surface, .
 Conclusions. EPR research of native and carbonate radicals is a unique tool for studying the physical and chemical and structural features of bone tissue and their role in the process of osseointegration of implants. The speed of osseointegration for implants with different microstructures of the surface varies. EPR can be used as an additional method to control the integration of implants into bone tissue.

Carbon-in-Leach Gold Recovery from Fungi-treated Carbonaceous Ore: Effect of Entrained Biomass on Activity of Activated Carbon

The ability of the fungus, <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> to reduce preg-robbing of carbonaceous matter (CM) in gold ores has been confirmed by many researchers, and studies are ongoing to minimize the effect of entrained biomass on subsequent gold leaching and adsorption processes. This paper presents a study on gold extraction from surrogate carbonaceous gold ore (CGO), and fungal-treated CGO to ascertain the influence of entrained biomass on the downstream carbon-in-leach (CIL) process. The surrogate CGO was prepared by adding 3% anthracite-grade CM to free-milling gold ore (FGO). The main minerals in the FGO were quartz, feldspar and sericite, with 8.4 g/t gold, 0.18% sulphide sulphur and 0.06% organic carbon. Aside biotreatment of the CGO with cell-free liquor of <i>P. chrysosporium</i>, anthracite and activated carbon (AC) were also contacted with <i>P. chrysosporium</i> to confirm the direct effect of biomass on the CMs’ ability to preg-rob aurocyanide. Preg-robbing effect of the as-received anthracite and AC were 95% and 80% respectively, and these reduced to 81% and 13% respectively. Water-washing, acid-washing and alkaline-washing of the treated CMs returned respective preg-robbing effects of 88%, 92% and 85% for AC and 32%, 38% and 28% for anthracite. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy of anthracite revealed a decrease in the degree of orderliness in the structure required for gold adsorption. The FGO and the prepared CGO gave cyanidation gold recoveries of 94.5% and 54.8% respectively. Following cell-free treatment of the CGO, direct cyanidation recorded 88.3% solution recovery, which was increased to 91.3% in CIL. The overall recovery onto activated carbon in CIL was 81%, which improved to 82% and 85% respectively after washing the fungal-treated CGO with water and NaOH. The results here affirm that thorough washing of fungal-treated CGO assists in removing some entrained biomass. However, the results also call for additional studies on purification of the cell-free liquor to further minimize the biomass effect, and sustainability of the enzyme activity during pretreatment to enhance the overall gold recovery.

VARIABILITY OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE AT SHORT-TERM TIME INTERVALS

The time and spectral analysis of blood pressure signals (BP of systolic, diastolic, pulse) obtained in real time and reflecting the work of the heart at short time intervals is presented. As a time interval, a sequence of one hundred cardiac cycles was chosen. The main parameters of variability are determined. The proposed method of analysis is an analogue of heart rate variability (HRV), based on the study of RR cardiointervals. Spectral analysis of blood pressure signals shows differences in the degree of orderliness or disorder of individual frequencies or the spectrum as a whole. The presented methodology will allow to reveal further features for use in the diagnosis of various pathologies.

Mountain landscape archetypes of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia)

The concept of landscape archetypes arises from the idea of complex spatial structures allocation in the hierarchical and logical sequence, from the higher level to the lowest one (Hresko et al. Ekologia (Bratislava) 29:158–173, 2010). The landscape units being allocated on the basis of horizontal references of the secondary landscape structure are considered to be the output of landscape archetypes regionalization. The Western Carpathians represent the highest part of the Carpathian arc with highland and alpine type of landscape, which is characterized by scenically arranged mountain ridges separated by the intermountain basins and fluvial-modeled valleys. Formation of mountain areas archetypes was primarily determined by properties of relief and geological structure. Landscape archetype reflects the country way of adaptation to the impacts and changes caused by human activity, in our conditions from the Upper Palaeolithic to the present. Gradual settlement of the mountain arc of the Carpathians in the area of Slovakia was significantly influenced by the German and the Wallachian colonization. During the research of the development of the secondary landscape structure of mountain areas of Slovakia, we identified specific textures with various patterns of landscape mosaic with a certain degree of orderliness or regularity of landscape elements at different hierarchical levels. We consider such physiognomically distinguishable parts of the landscape to be “landscape archetypes”. In this paper we want to clarify and interpret the development of some representative archetypes of the mountain area of the Western Carpathians via selected examples, and to point out one of the new ways of the landscape research.

Theoretical considerations of day-to-day temperature variability applied to Toronto and Calgary, Canada data

Day-to-day temperature variability has been examined within the context of three theoretical climates: orderly, random and oscillatory. Using highly idealized examples two measures of day-to-day variability were compared. It was found that standard deviation works well to characterize variability for random climates, as expected, but did not perform well for orderly and oscillatory climates. For these climates, a more direct calculation of day-to-day variability was found to be more representative. This method better captures the clustering of temperatures that may result from a number of meteorological and geographic factors which bring order to the local climate. These concepts were applied to two Canadian cities, Toronto, Ontario and Calgary, Alberta. Both cities were found to have a degree of orderliness in their climate. Toronto’s orderliness appears to be linked to the temperature mitigating effect of a moister climate and midlatitude cyclones. In addition, the proximity of Lake Ontario produces land/sea breezes which act to reduce thermal variability. Calgary experienced more variability, both on average and in the exceedances of 5 °C and 10 °C thresholds for day-to-day temperature swings. This is a result of a drier climate with less hydro-climatic inertia and the presence of chinook winds which produce, particularly in winter, swings of temperature frequently exceeding 10 °C. Although all the measures of day-to-day temperature variability examined appear to be decreasing in both cities, only the decrease of 5 °C exceedances of Tmin at Toronto was statistically significant.

A QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF ORDERLY STAR FORMATION IN SPIRAL GALAXIES.

ABSTRACT The positions of H II regions in spiral galaxies are an indicator of the recent loci of star-formation events. Analysis of these positions shows that the variance of their separations is a useful index of their degree of orderliness. For galaxies with well-organized arms, the ratio of the variance to the mean is large, while for galaxies without clearly-defined arms the ratio is close to the value for a random distribution of points. Values are given for ten galaxies for which sufficiently large numbers of measured H II region positions are available. For some cases the variation of the variance with radius is illustrated.

Differences among subfractions of H1 histone in their interactions with linear and superhelical DNA. Circular dichroism.

Interactions between subfractions of ox thymus H1 histone and either linear T7 DNA or superhelical PM2 DNA were studied by measuring the circular dichroism of H1:DNA complexes. H1 subfractions differed from one to the next in their effectiveness at distorting the circular dichroic spectrum of DNA by as much as 3- to 4-fold for both forms of DNA. The order of effectiveness of the subfractions was the same at all ionic strengths between 0.05 M and 0.25 M, but the degree of spectral distortion caused by any of the subfractions was sensitive to the salt concentration. At 0 M NaCl and above 3 M NaCl, there was little or no distortion of the spectrum of DNA by any subfraction; the maximum effectiveness for all of the subfractions was at 0.15 M to 0.2 M NaCl whether the DNA was linear or superhelical. Between 0 M and 0.15 M NaCl, the H1 subfractions in free solution underwent a conformational change from a substantially unfolded state to one that is presumably the native state. This was revealed by circular dichroism. In part, this folding of the protein molecules must account for the effect of salt on the ability of H1 to distort the circular dichroism of DNA when the two macromolecules are brought together in complex formation. The distortion of the circular dichroism of DNA by H1:DNA complex formation is thought to be due to side-by-side aggregation of fibers in an asymmetrically ordered array. Apparently, the different H1 subfractions induce formation of H1:DNA complexes that differ in degree of orderliness or in a more complicated geometric parameter of the array, and this is true for superhelical as well as linear DNA.

Message operators: A new expression of the information

Starting from the synaptic model proposed in a previous paper (Teodorescu, 1976b), based on the idea that, in certain condition, information may be expressed in terms of the constraints in an optimization problem, the concept of an active message is defined. This is a message conveying a certain purpose, which is able to transform an initial orderly state in a new one, subject to some constraints, by choosing the optimal way. Some examples are given to show that active messages play an important role, not only in organisms, but also in communications between individuals and/or groups in social populations. The concept of a message operator, as a mathematical expression of the active message is, then, defined. It is shown that such an operator is, in fact, a pair, having as components a certain transformation and the associate optimization problem involving some information in constraints-form. The transformation is a relationship between the joint moment hypercube, expressing the initial multivariate random process (initial orderly state), and the final orderly state expressed by the joint density hypercube. By solving the optimization problem, the optimized density hypercube (i.e. the new orderly state) is obtained. An example is given to illustrate the procedure. It follows that message operators are able to express, in mathematical form, the transition from a given orderly state (say, a biological population in a quasi-chaotic state) into a new orderly state, with a different degree of orderliness. In such a transition involving three stages i.e. initial orderly state-message-final orderly state, the information is expressed, respectively, in terms of: probabilities-constraints-probabilities. Thus, Shanon's measure of information applies only in the states, since message operators have nothing to do with probabilities. To investigate the particular manner where information is involved in the constraints of the optimization problem, some main properties of the message operators are emphasized and illustrated by an example. Thus, it is shown that message operators are powerfull tools, permitting to investigate some unknown aspects of the information. This leads to a deeper understanding of the communication problems in biological systems as well as to various applications in biology.

Planned Hillfort Interiors

For many years excavations within British prehistoric settlement sites were largely confined to selective sampling of a very limited nature since this approach, it was thought, offered the best chance of locating an intensively occupied area from which dating evidence and perhaps even the ground plan of a structure might be recovered. More recently, with the results of a small number of large-scale area excavations to draw upon, it has become possible not only to examine the plans of individual buildings in isolation but to identify standard structural designs used repeatedly on the same sites and, further, to learn something of the overall disposition of structures within the settlement plan. This increasing body of evidence is beginning to reveal, as analogy with historic and existent settlements might anticipate, a basic dichotomy between those which grew and those which were created. To establish a terminology, we should first recognize the essential distinction between asettlement planand aplanned settlement. All settlements have a plan, but not all were consciously planned. Many will have resulted from gradual growth over a period of time, developing from a nucleus to which additions and replacements were made as required (i.e. in the parlance of urban geographers,organic settlements). Accordingly, their plans should not normally be expected to display any great degree of orderliness and will be particularly unlikely to incorporate a systematic pattern of streets.

Spontaneous spike potentials of single neurons in situ in ganglia of the leech

In experiments on leeches it was found that potentials of single neurons can be recorded from the neural ganglion in situ. The spike discharges of most single neurons in these conditions do not possess extreme properties: neither strict orderliness, especially rhythmicity of their activity, nor absolute randomness of the Poisson type. The discharge pattern is distinguished by variability and, at the same time, by some degree of ill defined orderliness, i.e., positive correlation. Consequently, the dynamic connections between neurons, even in primitive nerve structures, are complex. The factors determining the slight degree of orderliness (cyclic character) of impulse activity of neurons in these conditions are still unknown.