Degree Of Nuclear Cataract Research Articles

Subfoveal choroidal thickness and cataract: the Beijing Eye Study 2011.

This study examined subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in eyes with cataracts. The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6 ± 9.8 years (range, 50-93 years of age). Enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography was applied for measurement of SFCT. Using lens photographs, we graded cataracts by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study system. Assessments of SFCT and cataract were available for 2548 subjects. After adjusting for age, axial length, sex, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, we found that SFCT was not significantly associated with presence of nuclear cataract (P = 0.41). Conversely, the degree of nuclear cataract (P = 0.73) was not significantly associated with SFCT after adjusting for age and sex. In contrast, thicker SFCT was significantly associated with lower degree of posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.027; standardized regression coefficient β: -0.04; regression coefficient B: -127; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -240 to -15) or with lower degree of cortical cataract (P = 0.028; β:-0.06; B: -51.5; 95% CI: -97.3 to -5.59) after adjusting for younger age, shorter axial length, and deeper anterior chamber. Conversely, the degree of posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.027; β:-0.06) or the degree of cortical cataract (P = 0.01; β: -2.55) was associated with thinner SFCT in multivariate analysis. Correspondingly in binary regression analysis, presence of subcapsular cataract was associated with older age (P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 1.11; 95% CI: 1.09-1.14) and thinner SFCT (P = 0.006; OR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.995-0.999). Although nuclear cataract was not significantly associated with an abnormal SFCT, the association between thin SFCT and subcapsular cataract or cortical cataract may have clinical importance, because thin SFCT is associated with low vision.

Prevalence of retinal macroaneurysms. The Central India Eye and Medical Study

Prevalence of retinal macroaneurysms. The Central India Eye and Medical Study

Prevalence of macular holes in rural central India. The Central India Eye and Medical Study

Purpose: It was the purpose of our study to determine the prevalence of full thickness macular holes and their possible associations in a population based study. Methods: The Central India eye and Medical Study is a cross sectional study on 4771 subjects of 30+ years. All subjects underwent an ophthalmic evaluation, including retinal evaluation with the 78D, indirect ophthalmoscope and colour photographs. Results: The mean age was 48. 8±13.0 yrs. Mean refractive error was -0. 09 ± 01.77D. Full thickness macular holes were detected in 18 eyes (0.2± 0.05%) of 13 subjects with a mean age of 57.4 ± 15.2 years and a mean refractive error of -1.27± 4.42D. the macular holes occurred bilaterally in 5 patients, and unilaterally in 8 patients. In univariate analysis, macular hole was significantly associated with higher age (p=0. 048), lower visual acuity (p=0.04) and higher prevalence of pseudophakia (P=0.002; OR: 9.72; 95% CI:3.17, 29.7). Presence of macular holes was not significantly associated with gender, refractive error, axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, intraocular pressure, degree of nuclear cataract or level of education. In binary logistic regression analysis presence of macular holes was significantly associated with pseudophakia (p<0. 001;OR 6. 1;95%CI 1.7, 22.1) but not with age. Conclusions: Full thickness macular holes occurred in about two out of 1000 eyes. Calculated for the whole population in India, the figure would be about 1.1 million patients. Cataract surgery may be a marked risk factor for macular holes.

Cataract and mortality. The Beijing eye study

To assess an association between cataract and mortality in a population-based setting. At baseline in 2001, the Beijing Eye Study examined 4255 subjects for cataract using standardized lens photographs which were examined according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study scheme. In 2006, all study participants were re-invited for a follow-up examination. Out of the 4255 subjects, 3142 subjects (73.8%) returned for follow-up examination, while 135 subjects (3.2%) were dead and 978 subjects (23.0%) did not agree to be re-examined or had moved away. In multivariate analysis, the amount subcapsular cataract was significantly associated with increased mortality (P = 0.029; OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.08, 4.25), particularly for the subjects with an age of 65+ years and 70+ years (P = 0.016 and P = 0.003 respectively). Correspondingly, product of age times amount of subcapsular cataract was significantly associated with mortality (P = 0.001). Degree of nuclear cataract and amount of cortical cataract were not associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (P = 0.910 and P = 0.938 respectively). As also found in previous epidemiological studies on Western populations, cataract, namely subcapsular cataract in elderly subjects, is associated with an increased mortality risk.

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Field Loss as Determined by Frequency Doubling Perimetry in Urban and Rural Adult Chinese

To determine prevalence and causes of visual field loss (VFL) as determined by frequency doubling perimetry in elderly Chinese individuals. Population-based, cross-sectional cohort study. The Beijing Eye Study included 4439 of 5324 subjects (83.4%) who were invited to participate with an age of 40+ years. Visual field was assessed by frequency doubling threshold perimetry. Main outcome measure was an abnormal visual field defined as at least one test location of reduced sensitivity. Of the 4439 people who were examined, 4350 subjects (98.0%; 8617 eyes) provided measurement data by frequency doubling perimetry. In subjects aged 40 to 49 years, the most frequent cause for VFL was degenerative myopia followed by glaucoma, other optic nerve diseases, and cataract. In the subjects aged 60 to 69 years, the most frequent cause for VFL was cataract, followed by glaucoma and degenerative myopia. In the subjects aged 70+ years, the most frequent cause for VFL was glaucoma, followed by cataract and degenerative myopia. VFL was associated significantly with age (P < .001), myopic refractive error (P < .001), rural region (P = .001), low level of education (P = .01), degree of nuclear cataract (P < .001), and intraocular pressure (P < .001). In contrast to Western countries, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy play a minor role as a cause for VFL in China.

Effect of ultraviolet radiation on cataract formation.

To investigate the relation of ultraviolet radiation and cataract formation, we undertook an epidemiologic survey of 838 watermen (mean age, 53 years) who worked on Chesapeake Bay. The annual ocular exposure was calculated from the age of 16 for each waterman by combining a detailed occupational history with laboratory and field measurements of sun exposure. Cataracts were graded by ophthalmologic examination for both type and severity. Some degree of cortical cataract was found in 111 of the watermen (13 percent), and some degree of nuclear cataract in 229 (27 percent). Logistic regression analysis showed that high cumulative levels of ultraviolet B exposure significantly increased the risk of cortical cataract (regression coefficient, 0.70; P = 0.04). A doubling of cumulative exposure increased the risk of cortical cataract by a factor of 1.60 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.01 to 2.64). Those whose annual average exposure was in the upper quartile had a risk increased by 3.30 (confidence interval, 0.90 to 9.97) as compared with those in the lowest quartile. Analysis using a serially additive expected-dose model showed that watermen with cortical lens opacities had a 21 percent higher average annual exposure to ultraviolet B (t-test, 2.23; P = 0.03). No association was found between nuclear cataracts and ultraviolet B exposure or between cataracts and ultraviolet A exposure. We conclude that there is an association between exposure to ultraviolet B radiation and cataract formation, which supports the need for ocular protection from ultraviolet B.