Degree Of Negative Impact Research Articles

The Impact of Urbanization on Rural Population Structure in China

Urbanization has been speeding up in China since reform and opening up policies were promoted, which promotes the progression of rural economy, but furthermore provides a certain degree of negative impact on the rural population structure. On the basis of summarizing the concept of urbanization, this study provides a thorough analysis of China's recent rural population structure and urbanization trend, and finally concludes that the quickening pace of urbanization in China makes the rural population structure face some problems and challenges. This study also offers some thoughts and recommendations in this area. At the same time, when analyzing the trend and population structure, by comparing and summarizing the secondary data and relevant literature, this paper concludes that China's urbanization has caused problems such as talent shortage in rural areas, rural aging and gender structure imbalance of the left-behind population. To solve these problems, China should establish a sound and perfect social security system and encourage the integration of rural and urban development. China ought to also establish a sound pension system and optimize the population structure; in rural areas, the promotion of respect for women has been strengthened and relevant laws have been introduced to gradually eliminate gender discrimination. It is beneficial to promote the national economy, cultural development.

Mechanisms of interaction between microplastics and microorganisms in the environment

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) exist widely in the environment and have a certain degree of negative impact on microorganisms, plants, animals, and even the human body. This review summarizes the sources, distribution, and potential hazards of MPs, focusing on a particular emphasis on how MPs influence microorganisms individually and in intergroups, as well as the pathways and methods of microbial degradation in the environment. On this basis, future research directions on MPs and microorganisms are proposed so as to better understand the environmental behavior of MPs and carry out ecological risk assessment.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Hydrological Evolution and Habitat Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin

Human disturbance and climatic factors alter the hydrological state of rivers in many ways and have a degree of negative impact on the quality of watershed habitats; quantifying the impact of both human disturbance and climatic factors on hydrological change can help improve the quality of watershed habitats. Therefore, in this research, an integrated watershed assessment framework is proposed to analyse the watershed from four perspectives: hydrological situation, environmental flows, drivers, and habitat quality. A meteorological streamflow model based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was employed to analyse the hydrological evolution and quantify the influence of the drivers from the perspective of hydrological and environmental flows. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model was then used to evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of habitat quality in the basin. And, finally, the grey correlation theory was used to reveal the response of habitat quality to hydrological changes. Studies have shown that annual flow and precipitation are increasing in the Xiangjiang River (XJR) basin, while its annual potential evapotranspiration is decreasing significantly. After 1991, the hydrological conditions of the XJR were highly variable, with the combined rate of change of the most Ecologically Relevant Hydrological Indicators, ERHIs-IHA and ERHIs-EFCs, reaching 26.21% and 121.23%, respectively. Climate change and human disturbance are the main drivers of change for both (with contributions of 60% and 71%, respectively). Between 1990 and 2020, the habitat quality in the basin declined over time (from 0.770 to 0.757), with areas of high habitat value located mainly in mountainous areas and habitat degradation being concentrated in urban areas in the middle and lower reaches, gradually evolving towards areas of high habitat value in the periphery. There is a strong correlation between watershed habitat quality and the ERHIs. The results of the study can provide a scientific basis for maintaining regional ecological security and rational allocation of water resources.

Proxy Advisors: A Double-Edged Sword for Institutional Investors

Institutional investors who own shares in hundreds of companies and have heavily diversified portfolios face significant challenges. More importantly, investee companies usually organise their annual general meetings at the same time, which creates a huge logistical and administrative workload for institutional investors. Also, the “free riding” is also a frequent problem, which greatly reduces the incentive for institutional investors to participate in corporate governance. Hence, the proxy advisors were introduced because of two factors: regulatory policies demand and market demand. Proxy advisors do have a lot to offer to corporate governance, and many empirical studies have demonstrated that proxy advisors play an important role in director elections, say-on-pay and ESG. However, there are some negative effects, such as the multiple conflicts of interest, ineffective and incomplete information and insufficient transparency, institutional investors’ over-reliance on proxy advisors. In addition to having an impact on corporate governance, proxy advisors have a significant effect on the engagement of shareholders. There are three main points. Firstly, proxy advisors stimulate institutional investors' participation in corporate voting through lowering the costs. Secondly, proxy advisors mitigate the collective action dilemma of institutional investors, and the third one is about the robo-voting problem. From the discussion of the essay, the impact of proxy advisors on shareholder engagement is significant, and while there is a degree of negative impact, the positive impact of proxy advisors is more significant and should be sustained and improved.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Epidemic on China's Economy and Countermeasures

At the end of 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 will have a certain degree of negative impact on China's economic development in the future. This article first analyzes the impact of China's three macro industries on the impact of the epidemic, and summarizes the new development trends of some industries under the epidemic, hoping to provide a useful reference for reducing the economic losses that may be caused by the epidemic.

ДИАГНОСТИКА ПАТОЛОГИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМИ ДИСБАЛАНСА ВИТАМИНОВ ГРУППЫ В

Subject. The scientific works of recent years show an increase in the degree of negative impact of vitamin deficiency and vitamin-like substances on the state of health of the population. With the deficiency of most vitamins, synthetic processes and regeneration of oral tissues are reduced, so often the initial signs of hypovitaminosis are stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, and therefore, it is dentists who are the first to diagnose deviations in the body associated with vitamin deficiency. This justifies the relevance and practical value of studying and describing clinical cases of manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions in the oral cavity. 
 The object – is to study the effect of B vitamins on the oral mucosa in order to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis of vitamin-deficient conditions of the human body.
 Methodology. These clinical examples illustrate the management experience of patients with manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions on the oral mucosa. Clinical and laboratory methods of diagnosing the analysed conditions of the organism were applied. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA).
 Results. The deficient condition of the organism in relation to vitamins B2, B6, B12 in patients 18-75 years old has been studied. Characteristic clinical changes on the oral mucosa of the examined patients were established. So, in most patients with vitamin B2 deficiency, the classic Sebrel triad was found: dermatitis, glossitis, cheilitis. In those examined with a lack of vitamin B6, language desquamations (smoothed, polished language) were determined in the 83.6%, often combined with glossodinia. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were characterized by a lesion in the form of Meller-Gunter glossitis in 74.9% of cases, moreover, 67.6% of patients showed paresthesia in the area of tongue and oral mucosa.
 Conclusions. The study found that the first clinical symptoms of deficient conditions of the presented vitamins of group B were found from the oral cavity. Thus, it is the dentist who is the first to diagnose the pathological states of lack of group B vitamins in the human body, which emphasizes the importance and relevance of continuing to study these states of the body.

Venture-level outcomes of juggling and struggling

Although the perceived flexibility of being one’s own boss may draw those with significant family responsibilities to entrepreneurship over traditional employment, existing research on the interface between work and family suggests that conflicts between these two domains arise. In other words, while entrepreneurship may seem like an approach for juggling work and home life commitments, theory on work-life conflict indicates that entrepreneurs face many of the same struggles of the organizationally employed with family responsibilities. In this paper, we examine the impact of family life responsibilities on the ability of nascent entrepreneurs to accomplish important founding milestones over time. The results indicate that family responsibilities may not have the degree of negative impact on venture-level outcomes that existing theory suggests. We consider potential explanations for these findings and propose future research to continue exploring this important topic.

Materials and equipment for seed production in Russia

Cultivated plants, which form the basis of the human diet, are also used for feeding livestock and poultry and as process raw materials. With the growth of human needs and an increase in the number of factors and the degree of negative impact on plants (changing unstable climate, including drought, decreased fertility, increased resistance of plant pathogens and pests to pesticides, cumulative effects of agrochemical load, etc.), there is a need for further development of research in the field of breeding and seed production. The development of these areas through the introduction of competitive domestic technologies based on the latest scientific achievements is the national interest of the state in the field of food security for the long term. Provision of Russian producers with high-quality domestic seeds of high reproduction for a number of crops is insufficient, which creates a threat to the country’s food independence. An important factor in providing agricultural producers with domestic seeds is the development of the material and technical base of breeding and seed production, including state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment for seed preparation, since processing and preparation of seeds are today necessary conditions for improving the quality and competitiveness of domestic seed. The state and problems of the development of plant breeding and seed production, as well as the proportion of seed supply of domestic breeding are discussed. Some domestic projects in the field of seed production are analyzed in order to determine their potential for solving strategic tasks for the development of domestic seed production.

Improving a procedure for estimating the suitability of raw material mixtures for molding articles by a semi-dry pressing method based on the analysis of compression curves

This paper has proposed a simplified procedure for the rapid assessment of the suitability of small-scale articles made from various raw mixtures (hereafter referred to as mixtures) for semi-dry pressing (SP) at molding presses, which could employ fillers composed of slag, ash, dust, and other industrial waste, whose properties are heterogeneous. The procedure is based on an assessment of the degree of negative impact on the quality indicators of articles due to the error of their density Dρ≥±2.5 %, associated with the imperfection of bulk dosing devices that the SP molding presses are equipped with. It has been established that the mixtures can be graded on the basis of the steepness of a compression curve (CC) ‒ the dependence qi=f(ρi), where qi and (ρi) are the current values of pressure (in MPa) and density of the mixture array (in g/cm3). A criterion applied to define the mixture’s suitability to SP is a multiplier b (in cm3/g) included in the dependence. It is shown that the mixture of type I (at b≤8) is suitable for SP at the multi-cavity molding presses. The mixture of type III (at b>12) is problematic; its composition must be adjusted to re-determine b. The mixture of type II (at b=8...12) requires additional research, proposed to be carried out in two stages. The first stage implies a low-cost determination of the dependence of the strength of SP samples on pressure σ=f(q) and testing the minimum strength σmin, as well as for the criteria of steepness K and permissible pressure qу. The ranges of K and qу have been determined, in which a more laborious second stage is needed to check for the absence of an «overpressing» defect. If all stages of the tests are successful, the mixture belongs to type I; if not ‒ to type III. Techniques to improve the suitability of the mixtures to SP have been considered. A promising technique has proven to be the treatment of the mixture in a high-speed roller-type activator, which simultaneously reduces both the CC steepness of the activated mixture and the required pressure of pressing. The study results could expand the application scope of anthropogenic products by utilizing them in the mixtures for SP

Impact of metal nanoparticles on the ecology of soil biocenosis (literature review)

This review contains analysis and synthesis of data on the study of metal nanoparticles’ effects on soil, plants, and microbial communities. Absorption of nanoparticles by soil can adversely affect the state of soil biota and plants as its components, posing a serious risk to human health. It is shown soil contamination with metals in nanoform to pronounce negative character, which consists of disrupting the biocenosis, death of its inhabitants, and reducing their reproduction. At the same time, the degree of negative impact was determined by the type of nanometal and composition of soil fauna. It was proposed to study the environmental consequences of nanotechnology by the complex interactions between plants and nano preparation. The review presents a new direction in nanotechnology - the method of extracting metal nanoparticles from plants, due to the ability to accumulate in leaves. The main advantage of the “green” production method over the “chemical” one is the reduction of the toxic properties of nanometals in comparison with the “chemical” analogs. Creation of conjugates of metal nanoparticles and substances of plant origin is promising. Conjugates of silver nanoparticles and phenolic groups contained in leaves are called “plant antibiotics” and do not have side effects on humans. The review presents an adverse dose-dependent effect of the influence of TiO, CuO, and other metal nanoparticles on root growth, seed germination, plant biomass growth, species diversity, the antimicrobial and enzymatic activity of soil microflora. Contrary, some studies emphasize the prospect of using nanocomposites of metals such as copper, iron, zinc, silver on soil and plants due to their bactericidal properties. A joint unification of the efforts of scientists will help to determine the possible consequences of the use of nanomaterials and protect against the potential threat of uncontrolled development of nanotechnology for the natural environment. Search and selection of sources for review were, carried out using open databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and RSCI, from 2005 to 2019.

Тoxicity of exhaust gasessolid fuel boiler KE-25-14S

The article deals with the implementation of the new national environmental legislation, which provides for the division of all energy enterprises into 4 categories depending on the degree of negative impact on the environment, the introduction of technological rationing, implemented on the principles of the best available technologies, provided that they are technically possible to use them, and the differentiation of state regulation measures in the field of environmental protection. Within the framework of this approach, the values of the total index of harmfulness (toxicity) of combustion products formed during the burning of Berezovsky coal of the B2 grade (enrichment class P) were determined by numerical experiments in order to assess the impact on the environment of emissions from low-power boilers KE-25-14C. The total emission hazard index is determined by taking into account the contribution of specific hazard indicators of combustion components represented by nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ash particles, vanadium pentaoxide and benz(a)pyrene. The private contribution of the considered pollutants to the total toxicity of emissions in the implementation of combustion regimes with moderate and large chemical underburning of fuel is established. Practical recommendations are given for using the results of the study as input data for setting technological standards for boilers of thermal power plants in the process of approval and obtaining a comprehensive environmental permit, and for developing a program to improve the environmental efficiency of energy enterprises.

Characteristics of fume sedimentation in the working zone during arc welding with covered electrodes

In order to develop effective protection measures and reduce the number of diseases in the welding industry, a detailed study of the mechanism of propagation of welding fumes in the working zone is necessary. The present work investigates the characteristics of fume sedimentation in the working zone during arc welding with various covered industrial electrodes. The influence of covering type (rutile, basic, acid, and rutile-cellulose) on the quantity (number of particles) of РМ0.3…PM10 fractions in fumes is shown. Data on the absolute quantitative prevalence of particles of the smallest measured PM0.3 fraction (PM0.3/PM10 ≫ 75–90%) were obtained. Based on regression analysis, the sedimentation processes of welding fumes were modeled. The shortest forecast period of particles sedimentation is forecast for acid covered electrodes (53 min.), the maximum – for basic covered ones (150 min.). The maximum predicted distance of fumes distribution in space is expected for rutile-cellulose covered electrodes (16 m), the smallest – for rutile covered ones (6 m). The different types of electrodes for arc welding were ranked according to the degree of negative impact of exposure to fumes depending on the duration of their fume emission rate in the air and the propagation distance in the working zone.

Potential of energy saving on transport

The transport system of the Russian Federation includes not only railway, automobile, air, sea and river transport, but also main gas and oil pipelines. Given the volume and variety of modes of transport, the introduction of measures to improve energy efficiency in the transport sector will save significant amounts of fuel and energy resources. In the light of the annual increase in energy consumption, the degree of negative impact on the environment and the amount of emissions of harmful substances, energy saving issues in transport make this issue even more important. The article describes the dynamics of the Russian car market for the previous year, shows the key ways to improve energy efficiency and energy saving in road transport.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИЭТАНОЛАМИНА НА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ ЭМБРИОНОВ И ЛИЧИНОК СЕВРЮГИ (ACIPENSERSTELLATUS PALLAS)

The article presents the experimental data on the toxic properties of one of the main components of sewage waters of gas processing enterprises - diethanolamine. Diethanolamine is a highly toxic organic compound, its negative effect on the embryonic development of fish in the Volga-Caspian basin becomes apparent at minimal concentrations.The object of study was the developing caviar of stellate sturgeon ( Acipenser stellatus Pallas) put into diethanolamine solutions at the stage of eight blastomeres. The experiment lasts 15 days. The toxicity level and mechanism of the toxicant activity were determined by the degree of changes in morphometric parameters, behavioral reactions (general symptom complex of poisoning), physiological state and survival of organisms. It has been stated that diethanolamine causes significant changes in morphological and functional parameters of developing stellate sturgeon embryos and larvae. The greater is the toxicant concentration, the greater are the changes. There has been found the dependence of the degree of negative impact on the fish physiological state on the time of their staying in diethanolamine solutions, as well as on the stage of ontogenesis. Using the integrated approach combining toxicological, ichthyological, and physiological areas of research has revealed uneven development of embryos, decrease in their physical activity, impaired pigmentation of the integument, slowdown in growth and development, and a decrease in survival. In experimental reservoirs there was found an increase of the duration of the hatching process, as well as the growing number of individuals developing with deviations from the standard indices. The increasing concentration of the toxicant and residence time of the planting material in its solutions led to an increase in the total waste of the roe, prelarvae, and larvae of stellate sturgeon in the experimental reservoirs in comparison with the control ones.

Carbon Tax Perspectives in Ukraine: Legal Regulation and Comparison of the National and European Experience of Implementation

Environmental tax in general is one of the state's instruments in environmental protection and financing of the environmental protection measures. The purpose of the tax is to encourage business entities to reduce emissions / discharges of pollutants into the air / water bodies, to establish direct dependence of the amount of tax deductions on the degree of negative impact on the environment, mobilization of funds to budgets of different levels in order to finance the costs of protection and rational use of natural resources. This article examines and compares with Ukraine and EU countries the experience, rates and background policies of the carbon taxation. The carbon tax as an environmental tax with a significant effect on economic and legal incentives for business entities and state authorities to fulfill the policy of energy efficiency, energy saving and energy transition to renewable energy sources what is coincided with the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and achievement of National Determined Contributions according to the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol. The main issue is that rate of carbon tax, used nowadays in Ukraine is not being sufficient to provide the energy transition of country economy to the less consuming model according the examples from Germany, Netherlands, Finland and other countries of Europe. Interconnected linkage between carbon tax, energy and climate policy is proven in the article along with mechanisms of economic, political and environmental peculiarities and benefits of the carbon taxation regulation improvement in national legislation

Optimization of energy sources structure to minimize environment pollution

The paper gives a general statement of the problem of choosing the structure of energy sources of urban heat supply systems to meet technical, economic and environmental constraints. One of the effective approaches to solve such a problem is the construction and optimization of redundant schemes of technological structures of energy sources. A model based on the theory of energy hubs is presented as one of the methods for constructing the redundant scheme. The application of the theory of energy hubs for selecting the types of energy sources allows, in an enlarged form, selecting the main equipment of energy sources, and evaluating technical and economic indices, and the degree of negative impact on the environment (at the level of gross emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere). A case study of modeling a redundant system for selecting the optimal structure of energy sources, considering the minimum atmospheric pollution, is illustrated.

Change of parametersof physiological state in Veronica spicata spicata L. s.str. in the flowering period under the influence of coal and rock dust in the territory of the Karakan Range (Kemerovo Region)

The influence of technogenesis associated with the development of the coal mining industry is multifaceted. One of the factors affecting the natural coal mining in the open method is coal and rock dust. To assess the response of plants to this effect, information was used on the change in the concentration of pigments obtained for three field seasons (2015-2017 g) obtained by spectrophotometry. The article gives information on the change in the content of chlorophylls in the leaves of one of Veronica spicata spicata L. s.str. veronica observation objects, which is a species with wide ecological amplitude. It is shown that the variability of the chlorophyll a and b concentrations in Veronica spicata serves as a reliable indicator in determining the degree of negative impact of coal and rock dust on plants.

Analysis of Problems Hindering Implementation of Modern Drug Technologies: Searching for Possible Solutions

Problems hindering the implementation of modern technologies into pharmaceutical substance manufacturing are analyzed and classified according to the degree of negative impact. Proposals for their solution were developed considering the opportunities and constraints of implementing and scaling technologies presently in the pilot stage of development. A forecast of the emergence of new technologies at both the pilot and commercial development stages was presented.

Анализ проблем, препятствующих внедрению современных технологий производства фармацевтических субстанций, и разработка предложений по их устранению

Проведен анализ, сформирован и описан перечень проблем, препятствующих внедрению современных технологий производства фармацевтических субстанций, представлено их ранжирование по степени негативного влияния. Разработаны предложения по их устранению с учётом перспектив и ограничений при внедрении и масштабировании технологий, находящихся на сегодняшний день на пилотной стадии развития. Приведен прогноз появления новых технологий (как в пилотной, так и в промышленной версии).

Impact of shoe size in a sample of elderly individuals.

The use of an improper shoe size is common in older people and is believed to have a detrimental effect on the quality of life related to foot health. The objective is to describe and compare, in a sample of participants, the impact of shoes that fit properly or improperly, as well as analyze the scores related to foot health and health overall. A sample of 64 participants, with a mean age of 75.3±7.9 years, attended an outpatient center where self-report data was recorded, the measurements of the size of the feet and footwear were determined and the scores compared between the group that wears the correct size of shoes and another group of individuals who do not wear the correct size of shoes, using the Spanish version of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. The group wearing an improper shoe size showed poorer quality of life regarding overall health and specifically foot health. Differences between groups were evaluated using a t-test for independent samples resulting statistically significant (p<0.05) for the dimension of pain, function, footwear, overall foot health, and social function. Inadequate shoe size has a significant negative impact on quality of life related to foot health. The degree of negative impact seems to be associated with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).