Degrees Of Error Protection Research Articles

BASIC SIGNAL CODING METHODS BASED ON GALA CODES

The theoretical basics of data-free encoding of data based on recurrent GK-codes are presented, analysis and comparison of existing coding methods and their protocols with the proposed method, the principle of GK-codes formation based on Galois code sequence and transmission of coded data-free data are substantiated. The theoretical foundations and principles of signaling codes used to manipulate bit-oriented data streams in computer system information channels are proposed, taking into account the extent of signal space utilization and signal shape, the rate of message transmission and the degree of error protection. The RSSC provides effective symmetric coding in the form of Galois codes of sequences of zeros and units of a data block, with unambiguous determination of their number that can be used to detect and correct errors after data transmission on computer systems. A special feature of the structure of this special processor is the symmetrical formation of Galois data bit signs. Moreover, the start of the Galois generator occurs according to the appearance of the first bit of zero or one in the data stream. New methods of signal-free bit encoding of bit-oriented information flows using Galois field codes have been proposed, which enable the detection and correction of one-time errors without inputting excess data streams transmitted in an optical channel. Formalization of functional structures of modules of processors of formation of hopeless codes has been formalized, as well as structures of special processors and their components have been developed, which perform the formation of Galois signal corrective codes and implement their algorithmic modeling.

The error protection impact of inhibitory after-effects in a location-based task and its preservation with practice.

In location-based tasks, responses related to (prime trial) distractor-occupied locations automatically undergo activation, followed by inhibition, which causes these responses to become execution-resistant (ER). Distractor-response ER takes time to override, delaying target reactions that later require this response (e.g., probe, ignored-repetition trials), causing the spatial negative priming (SNP) phenomenon. We learned in this study that distractor-response ER affords this output a degree of error protection. Specifically, when the probe target appeared at a new location, former (prime) distractor responses were used erroneously significantly less often than their control response counterparts, likely due to their ER feature, which discourages their inappropriate selection (i.e., "ER" provides error protection). This error protection also was evident when a previous distractor response was activated by a distractor on the probe (i.e., distractor-repeat trial). Notably, error protection remained effective over extensive practice, as did SNP size (i.e., ER override time) after an initial decline.

System-Level Impact of Multi-User Diversity in SISO and MIMO-based Cellular Systems

We quantify cell-wide mean throughputs of single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)-based cellular systems which employ multi-user diversity (MuD). Our study considers several practical and useful system-level design dimensions, including: number of transmit/receive antennas; antenna-pattern (omni-directional or sectorized); degree of error-protection (Shannon coding, no coding or intermediate coding strategies); allowable constellation size; Rician $\kappa$-factor; number of users and schedluling algorithm (Greedy (i.e. MAX C/I), Proportional Fair, or Equal Grade of Service) in single-cell (noise-limited) and multi-cell (co-channel-interference-limited) environments. We also provide a comparison between single-user systems having excess receive antennas and multi-user diversity systems with no excess receive antennas. Both strategies improve signal quality. Since economic costs of RF chains, mobile size and form factor limit the number of antennas a mobile receiver can have, multi-user diversity can be a more practical option. We observe that MuD with only a few scheduled users leads to comparable throughputs as receivers with excess receive antennas. By quantifying the average throughput gains that accrue from using multi-user SISO and MIMO-based cellular systems, this study serves the needs of operators to assess these promising technologies.

Joint design of a channel-optimized quantizer and multicarrier modulation

We present an algorithm for design of a joint source-channel coder using a channel-optimized quantizer and multicarrier modulation. By changing the power of each subchannel in the multicarrier modulation system, different degrees of error protection can be provided for different bits according to their importance. The algorithm converges to a locally optimum system design. Compared to a Lloyd-Max scalar quantizer or a LBG vector quantizer using single-channel transmission, our optimized code can yield substantial performance improvements. The performance improvements are most pronounced at low channel signal-to-noise ratios.