Degree Of Empowerment Research Articles

Gender Differences in Multidimensional Poverty in Brazil: A Fuzzy Approach

AbstractThis study aims to improve the measurement of multidimensional poverty for the purpose of analyzing gender differences while considering the limitations of household surveys. To effectively analyze gender disparities, it addresses three issues that are often overlooked in the literature: disregard for within-household inequalities in household-level indicators; disregard for ineligible populations in indicators that represent only a specific group; and disregard for intermediate deprivation situations in cutoff-based poverty estimations. Using data from the Brazilian Consumer Expenditure Survey 2017–2018, we create two indexes with indicators that are key aspects in gender and feminist analyses. Applying a fuzzy approach and the Alkire–Foster method, we estimate multidimensional poverty and gender differences from three perspectives: intrahousehold, interhousehold, and intracouple. We also calculate inequality among the poor and intracouple gender gaps proposing fuzzy versions for these analyses. The main findings suggest that women are disadvantaged in terms of work and time quality, economic security, and access to resources—all of which are crucial components of agency or degree of empowerment.

The interplay between psychological empowerment and employee engagement: identifying research trends using SPAR-4-SLR process

Purpose This study aims to examine the research that examines psychological empowerment (PE) and employee engagement (EE) via bibliometric analysis. The study also aims to offer an overview of the present state of research and indicate potential future research topics. Design/methodology/approach The literature on PE and engagement was reviewed using bibliometric analysis based on publications in the Scopus database. The analysis comprises a three-field plot, theoretical framework examination, thematic analysis and quantitative analysis of the most frequently referenced publications, affiliations, countries and authors. Findings The study identifies research trends such as the use of the leadership lens, the examination of the different degrees of empowerment, the examination of alternate mechanisms to improve engagement and the impact of supervisor resources on these constructs. The study also suggests areas for future research, such as the influence of leadership and organizational culture on these two factors, the link between PE and EE and the impact of the changing structure of work via the increased use of technology and new work relations like gig work on these concepts. Originality/value This study offers a thorough and systematic overview of the state of the research in the area of PE and EE. This study emphasizes the significance of PE and engagement in management by giving a thorough overview of the present state of research and outlining future research possibilities.

Who decides? The governance of rewilding in Scotland ‘between the cracks’: community participation, public engagement, and partnerships

Rewilding is a conservation approach which seeks to restore natural processes and ecosystem functionality. However, it also has a strong social dimension, characterised by a recently increasing emphasis on the place of people in rewilding. The role of local communities and the need for public engagement have become a specific concern for many contemporary rewilding efforts. Research on the role of participation in rewilding is however lacking, with rewilding governance in general being under-explored. Our examination of understandings and practices of rewilding governance, through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Scotland, illustrated a range of conceptualisations and approaches. It became apparent that governance and participatory practices were very variable and selective, highlighting an interaction between land ownership and degrees of empowerment which underpinned rewilding activity and decision-making. Approaches ranged from relatively ubiquitous advocacy for public engagement with a pre-prescribed rewilding agenda, through the circumscribed participation of defined communities (mainly of interest) in specific activities, to much more involved and empowering but self-selecting partnerships (with other landowners) to achieve impact at scale. Key challenges to more participatory approaches in rewilding identified included: i) a strong conservation imperative; ii) concentrated ownership, and power and control over land; and iii) emerging ideas about the public interest. These influenced perceptions about the value, and the practice of greater representation in rewilding decisions, ultimately bounding and limiting the participation of communities and the public.

Empowering Saudi women in leadership positions in the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (1443 AH-2021 AD): تمكين المرأة السعودية في المناصب القيادية في وزارة الحج والعمرة (1443هـ-2021مـ)

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to assess the level of administrative empowerment of women and leadership positions in the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, identify the most important challenges, and obstacles facing women working in leadership administrative positions. from the point of view of a sample of female employees and officials in the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Design/ Methodology/ Approach - To achieve the objectives of this study used the descriptive analytical method. The study population consisted of a number of female employees and officials in the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, based on the intentional sampling method. Findings-The researcher reached the results show a high degree of concordance between the study vocabulary regarding the dimensions of empowerment in various jobs (74.18%), participation and qualification (72.06%), compared to the neutrality of consensus about the obstacles facing women’s empowerment in leadership positions (65.49%). With a varying level of agreement on the sub-items of those dimensions, which requires the need to establish the concept of women’s empowerment Administrative and leadership positions. In addition to the absence of statistically significant differences in the trends of the study vocabulary about the dimensions of administrative empowerment according to the educational level, social status and administrative experience. while there were statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the study sample members of the female employees to the degree of empowerment of Saudi women in leadership positions in the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah attributed for the functional status variable. The results also showed the obstacles to achieving women's empowerment in administrative work and leadership positions. The study recommended working on upgrading the role of women in the work environment and believing in their ability to achieve success in the operational job roles that they perform, directing their characteristics and their view of advantages to be used in reaching leadership positions, attracting women leaders with experience to work in departments and branches, benefiting from Technical development and electronic communication and its adaptation to develop women's work through remote work.

The empowerment of female students from deprived backgrounds through education for social transformation – A study of Tangaza University College, Nairobi, East Africa

The research focused on the empowerment of female students for social transformation at Tangaza University College, whose core values consist of Catholic social teachings. The college provides higher education to young people who would otherwise not have the opportunity for higher studies. Of the 2,000+ college students, 1,500 receive partial or full scholarships. The aim of the study was to find out how Tangaza fulfils its mission of educating for social transformation, from the responses of female students from low to very low income families. These are in two groups: female students mostly from squatter areas in the city of Nairobi, and the women religious, who primarily come from villages where primary and secondary education is sadly inadequate. The study makes use of a synthesis of theories of empowerment compiled by a social scientist, Mann Hyung Hur. The results showed how Tangaza’s education for social transformation has empowered its female students in the three areas of personal growth, job competence and social responsibility. However, there are differing degrees of empowerment among the three categories. An analysis is done of the differences between the three areas of empowerment, and recommendations are made. The sample population consists of women graduates of Tangaza University College from the academic years 2010-2017.

The Relationship between Job Stressor and Employees’ Performance in Hotel Industry in Kota Tinggi, Johor.

Employees performance is very significant for organization in achieving its organizational performance and profitability. Employees performance is related to their willingness and openness on doing assigned task, to increased their productivity which will lead to performance. Performance in return can become the source of satisfaction to employees who successfully completed their job. There are many factors that is associated with employee’s performance and one of it is job stress. However, this study aims to investigate the relationship between four job stressor factors namely time pressure, workload, lack of motivation and role ambiguity and employees’ performance. The study was conducted among 113 hotel workers in Kota Tinggi, Johor, by using structured questionnaires as the instruments of data collection method. The findings indicate significant relationship between lack of motivation and role ambiguity and employee’s performance. Thereby, the recommendation following the findings is for the organization to have planned and detailed job objectives to minimize role ambiguity and to permit certain degree of empowerment among employees to maximize their motivation.

Socio‐Economic and political empowerment through self help groups intervention: A study from Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

The paper presents a study on the socio‐economic, and political empowerment of rural women, through the Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Bilaspur Division, Chhattisgarh, India. The various factors involved as empowerment indicators were individually discussed based on the data collected from the women SHG members (by random sampling). The detailed data analysis of individual factors and their impact on aforesaid empowerment have been discussed. Its level of significance has been evaluated using Chi‐Square Test and P‐value using statistical data analysis software tool SPSS. Subsequently, the degree of empowerment and the ranking of the factors, its contribution to all three dimensions of empowerment have been evaluated using the Garret Ranking Method. It is found from the study that, there is significant empowerment in all three dimensions. It is also estimated from the Garret Ranking Method, that women after associating with SHG were found economically empowered most significantly, then the socially and politically. The work will be useful for the policymakers to frame the policy and enhance the degree of women empowerment for the selected area of the study as well as other rural areas.

Empowerment and social support for patients with chronic kidney disease: case study in Michoacán, MexicoEmpoderamento e apoio social de pacientes com nefropatia crônica: estudo de caso em Michoacán, México

RESUMENObjetivoIdentificar el nivel de empoderamiento y las características del apoyo social de los individuos con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC).MétodosEstudio transversal en personas con enfermedad renal crónica que habitan en el municipio de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México, y que asisten a la Asociación de Enfermos del Riñón, Asociación Civil (A.C.). Se indagó sobre el perfil sociodemográfico y las características personales asociadas a la enfermedad, el nivel de empoderamiento, el nivel de apoyo social y el funcionamiento familiar.ResultadosCerca de 90% de la muestra cuenta con apoyo social suficiente, mientras que 40% de los participantes pertenece a familias semirrelacionadas o relacionadas. El puntaje de empoderamiento global fue de 117,5 ± 14,3; el empoderamiento comunitario fue más alto en el grupo de mayor edad (P < 0,05). La interacción social positiva es el componente del apoyo social que correlaciona con mayor fuerza con el nivel de empoderamiento (r = 0,333; P < 0,01).ConclusionesEl empoderamiento está determinado por, y es un determinante del apoyo social y ha facilitado el acceso a la terapia de reemplazo renal en esta comunidad.

International Nursing: How Much Power Do Nurse Managers Have?

This study was conducted to explore issues of nurse managers' power and empowerment. Data were collected from nurse managers by way of a questionnaire consisting of background factors, work-related questions, and power-related questions at the unit and organization levels. The degree of empowerment was evaluated using 2 established instruments (CWEQ-II and Work Empowerment Questionnaire). The overall level of managers' personal power within their own units was relatively high. Nurse managers' perception of their power at an organizational level was found to be at a moderate level. Several factors related to an individual's professional background were correlated to power issues, both at the unit and organizational levels. Structural and psychological empowerment correlated with the overall level of power at a unit level and the overall level of power at an organizational level. Nurse managers self-reported their own general power at a unit level as high, which offers them possibilities to lead the development of nursing care in their units. Organizations may benefit more from nurse managers' leadership by more fully integrating them in the development processes of the entire organization.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF USING INNOVATION AND CREATION MANAGEMENT APPLIED STUDY ON THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

The organizations aim at efficiency, prosperity and growth, which requires to learn new methods of management, in order to face the contemporary challenges , while working to achieve their goals. Whereas the environmental impact of the use of innovation and creation management in government units is focused on addressing the internal and external environmental changes of these units, which relates to the developments that have resulted from the information revolution and the technological trend in the business, which necessitates the organizations to respond to these developments by making the modifications that accompany these developments. Responding to new ideas and modern methods that enable organizations to address these challenges and problems. Where different organizations face many issues and problems that require their leaders and employees to think about reducing the reliance on the traditional approach based on trying and error in solving problems, and try to employ the creative approach in this regard. The management writers and managers today think that the need for organizations to Administrative innovation is an urgent need imposed by economic, social, political, cultural and other changes in society, as well as the changing and complex circumstances of contemporary organizations. The internal environment of governmental organizations in terms of administrative leadership and organizational aspects, as well as the external environment of governmental organizations in terms of legislation and governing laws and the surrounding cultural and social aspects affecting them may be hindered or counteracting the creativity and administrative innovation of these organizations, thus affecting the services provided To citizens and to the environment surrounding the organization positively or negatively by degree of empowerment or restriction of creativity and innovation in those organizations (Muhammad et al.,2016). Therefore, the research deals with the environmental impact of using the management of creativity and innovation in governmental organizations by applying them to the central organization for management and administration, in order to improve the performance of the system and the employees. Keywords: administrative innovation, management of creativity

BEHIND AID RELATIONS: HOW DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS INFLUENCE PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN BENEFICIARIES ON EMPOWERMENT (A CASE STUDY OF RCL PROJECT OF OXFAM IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA)

Foreign aid has the nature of ‘elegant power’, which enables donors’ intervention. This paper argues that this nature and development interventions have influenced perceptions of women beneficiaries on empowerment. Efforts to empower women have been conducted with various approaches. However, not much has been said about how development projects influence women beneficiaries’ perceptions on empowerment, including limited awareness on empowerment due to the approach of development project and dependence on external intervention. The paper looks at a case study on Restoring Coastal Livelihoods (RCL) Project of Oxfam (2010-2015) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research applied qualitative research techniques using semi-structured interviews and document reviews in the project area, and participant observation in Pangkajene Kepulauan District, one of the four districts covered under the project. The institutional ethnographic analysis in this research reveals that women beneficiaries perceive empowerment mostly based on their experiences in the project. However, the degree of empowerment is relative to types of women’s engagement in public spheres, men and women understanding of gender relations and equality, and nature of activities. The paper further argues that efforts to empower women tend to rely on external intervention to facilitate the process and to deal with existing dynamics of power relations. Finally, the paper underlines that empowerment depends highly on women’s personal knowledge, critical awareness, choice, willingness, and commitment. This research is crucial to contribute to gender and development studies as it highlights the multidimensional and multilayered aspect of aid relations and women’s empowerment.

Género, economía familiar y seguridad alimentaria en Nicaragua: empoderamiento de la mujer rural, estudio de caso en Muy Muy

A partir del año 2007 en Nicaragua se instaura un nuevo periodo de gobierno y con nuevas políticas sociales .El objetivo de las nuevas políticas sociales es la optimización de la calidad de vida de las y los nicaragüense y su eje central, el desarrollo y bienestar social de los mismos.Dentro de estas políticas, se encuentra la de Seguridad y soberanía Alimentaria que tiene como principal instrumento el Programa Productivo Alimentario (PPA), conocido también como Hambre cero. Una características particular de este programa es que sus beneficiarios directos son mujeres, principalmente habitantes del área rural de nuestro país.Uno de los municipios en los que se implementó el Programa Productivo Alimentario (PPA), fue Muy Muy que pertenece al departamento de Matagalpa y es como la mayoría de ellos, netamente agrícola. A partir del 2008 que llega este programa, los habitantes de este lugar han experimentado procesos de empoderamiento que les permiten reconocerse como sujetos de poder, de manera individual y colectiva. Este trabajo busca analizar y documentar las experiencias sobre este tema.El empoderamiento como tal circunscribe el tratamiento de elementos psicológicos, sociales, culturales y cognitivos. El grado de empoderamiento que alcancen las mujeres de esta comunidad depende –tal como se estudia-- del deseo, la voluntad y determinación personal de las mismas. Aunque no todo es color de rosa, hay sus obstáculos los cuales deben superarse.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 88-100

A Woman Like You? Emma Peel,Xena: Warrior Princess, and the Empowerment of Female Heroes of the Silver Screen

A Woman Like You? Emma Peel,<i>Xena: Warrior Princess</i>, and the Empowerment of Female Heroes of the Silver Screen

Empowerment through Decentralization: Conceptions, Contrivances and Connections

The coupling of empowerment with decentralization is a relatively new preoccupation, as the rethinking and understanding of empowerment and decentralization have transformed into new connotations and dimensions within the global development community in globalized age. The meaning and nature of empowerment and decentralization mostly depend on the context in which it is being used. There is a growing conception that delivering efficient and effective goods and services is not possible without transforming authority and resources from central government to the local level. Decentralization is the means of providing effective and efficient services to the people at grass roots level as well as the mechanism of empowerment. Moreover, the notion of empowerment is to focus on the elimination of socio-economic and political barriers through the transformation and distribution of power between the government, institutions and community. However, the efficiency and quality of decentralization in terms of empowerment largely depend on, decentralized policy of the central government, institutional and managerial capacities of local agencies and local political power structure. The degree of empowerment differs from situation to situation, depending on the availability of information, implementation of decisions, mechanisms of peoples ’participation and accountability. This paper is a comprehensive study of the empowerment and decentralization considering the conceptual framework and practical implications. In this regard, this paper reviews the conceptions and dimensions of empowerment and decentralization as well as explains the rationale for adopting a decentralization policy in developing countries. This paper also illustrates the mechanisms that are important to empower people and the mechanisms in which form decentralization initiatives are undertaken in developing countries. Finally, this paper measures the impacts of empowerment and decentralization and demonstrates their interrelationships.

‘Power to the (young) people’? Children and young people's empowerment in the relocation process associated with urban re-structuring

This paper is about children and young people's (CYP) empowerment in the process of urban restructuring, based on parental reflections. Its focus is involuntary relocation in the context of transformational urban regeneration in a Scottish city using cross-sectional and longitudinal qualitative data, based on 20 family households (at wave 1) comprising 40 CYP. Specifically, we are interested in how empowerment plays out – directly or indirectly – in the private space of the family and home, and for different age groups. We identified three sets of ‘empowerment’ or decision-making situations where CYP were involved: rationalising the need to move; deciding where to move to; and helping children cope and adjust to change. We found that empowerment differs by age and varies between pre-move discussions, decision-making and post-move dislocation and other outcomes. In the ‘Discussion’ section to this paper, we raise issues about relocation from one deprived neighbourhood to another; parental objectives to avoid social disruption for their children; and, the effects of distance upon empowerment. We can see some degree of empowerment for CYP in terms of securing better outcomes after relocation.

Women employment and empowerment - An analysis with special reference to Keonjhar, Odisha

Women development plays an important role in nation's economy. The society can march towards development only when it accepts the women participation, grants responsibility and utilizes her ability. India has witnessed a positive transformation in women's employment and economic development. Present study was conducted among 110 working women of Keonjhar district of Odisha. Various degree of empowerment was observed in fields of social, financial, legal empowerment. The study revelled that decision making was most restricted in financial matters.

The Impact of Regulatory Focus on Employee Engagement: The Importance of Job Crafting and Facilitation of Job Resources

Employee engagement is a critical topic for organizations today. In Deloitte’s 2014 global study of human capital trends, survey respondents cited engagement as the second most important item in terms of perceived urgency, second only to leadership (Deloitte, 2014).Globalization, rapid transformations in technology, changes in how individuals and organizations collaborate, demographic shifts in the workforce, changes in the social, political and regulatory landscapes that impact the business environment, and the resulting changes in the skills required for an employee to be successful, make it a challenge for organizations to have the right talent base and drive passion and engagement throughout the workforce. This is reflected by only 17% of the respondents to Deloitte’s survey indicating that they were ready to address the trends in employee retention and engagement. This study seeks to provide insights for organizations into employee engagement by hypothesizing and testing whether an individual’s regulatory focus (i.e., promotion versus prevention focus), moderated by their manager’s regulatory focus and their degree of empowerment, impacts their level of engagement at work. Important proposed mediators include an individual’s job crafting behaviors, or a mode of position personalization, and the level of perceived job resources.

An Exploratory Study of the Different Ways that Call Centre Managers Interpret a Service Technology

Purpose and approach: A person's mental model, or 'frame', of a technology influences the way he/she reacts to that technology. Service literature has examined perceptions and reactions of consumers to a technology, but not those of employees. Using an interpretative approach, this study mapped the frames of internet service technology among a particular group of employees: call centre managers. Findings: These managers framed the Internet as a means of either (1) creating a virtual presence for the company; (2) providing alternative access to the call centre, similar to phone or fax; (3) eliminating routine requests made to the call centre; or (4) fulfilling customer needs in lieu of the call centre. Each frame could be characterised by a specific combination of the following four attributes: the call centre's role in relation to customers; the call centre manager’s role; the location of knowledge needed to service customers; and customer characteristics. Research implications: The four frames formed a hierarchy of customer empowerment, where the degree of empowerment was in terms of increasing customer capability to initiate and complete information searches and transactions via the Internet. The frames also varied in the perceived tacitness of knowledge related to products and order-taking procedures. Practical implications: On a practical level, this study suggests that it is important to elicit call centre mangers' beliefs about a technology before developing service technology strategy, so that assumptions about customers, and the roles of the call centre and the call centre manager are revealed.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pengembangan Kapasitas dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan melalui PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan

&lt;p&gt;Community empowerment is an attempt to make people become empowered through learning efforts so that they are able to manage and be responsible for development programs in the community. Learning is implemented in a series of community development. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the process of community empowerment in PNPM Urban activities in terms of aspects Sastrodirjan village community development, with the goal of research is to assess the implementation of community development, assessing public attitudes and perspectives on community empowerment and assess the degree of empowerment. The approach in this research is deductive method of qualitative analysis and quantitative descriptive . Results reveal that the capacity of community development activities in the village Sastrodirjan has been implemented in accordance with the principles of empowerment and have managed to change the level of public awareness and increase understanding of the role of development in their communities. The findings obtained are changes in public awareness of the respondents did not relate to age, level of education and its role in PNPM, but having a relationship with sex, where the role and involvement of women is still low and not enough to support optimal development at the community level.&lt;/p&gt;

Estudio sobre los usos de las TIC y las posibilidades de empoderamiento en las mujeres

Resumen&#x0D; El empoderamiento es un proceso de adquisición de poder de las personas que se encuentran en situación de desigualdad respecto a otras, en algunos casos de forma colectiva y en otros individual, para tomar decisiones acerca de su vida, ser partícipes y realizar cambios positivos en ésta. La medida del empoderamiento en relación a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación es difícil ya que implica analizar las habilidades, el conocimiento, el acceso y el uso de dichas tecnologías.&#x0D; Este artículo se basa en una investigación que tuvo por objetivo conocer cómo las mujeres usan y se relacionan con las TIC. Para ello se desarrollaron herramientas de medida del empoderamiento de las mujeres en relación a las TIC a través de dos escalas tipo Likert que fueron aplicadas a una muestra de 854 mujeres. Los datos obtenidos muestran que las mujeres presentan en general un grado moderado de empoderamiento y que éste se diferencia por grupos de edad. Palabras clave: Empoderamiento, género, TIC (tecnologías de la información y la comunicación), mujer.