Degree Of Documentation Research Articles

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR SUSTAINABLE CUSTOM-DESIGNED IMPLANTS

Additive manufacturing (AM) has proven to be an attractive alternative manufacturing process compared with subtractive manufacturing (SM). Additive manufacturing has many advantages, such as mass customisation, less material wastage, and others listed in this article. However, the additive manufacturing of certified implants does not have the same degree of documentation and standardisation as the subtractive manufacturing process. As part of this research project, the problem statement is: “In offering additive manufacturing as an implant manufacturing solution, the complete process (design, manufacturing, and post-processing) had to be investigated in order to develop a certified manufacturing solution”.

Implementation of quality management in organisations operating in the Sultanate of Oman: ISO 9001:2000 vs. non-ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations

This paper reports the findings of a survey exploring the implementation of four aspects of quality management (QM): tools, measurements and documentation in organisations operating in the Sultanate of Oman. Data for this study were collected from 57 ISO 9001:2000 (ISO, International Organization for Standardization) and non-ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations in both manufacturing and service sectors. The findings revealed that Omani organisations have a high usage of the best practices, tools and techniques of QM, have a high degree of documentation and have performed well in comparison to their competitors. The survey results showed that there are significant differences between ISO 9001:2000 and non-ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations in all the four aspects of QM. ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations have a high degree of usage of QM in all the four important aspects as compared to non-ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations. However, in terms of perceived performance, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences between the ISO 9001:2000 certified and non-ISO 9001:2000 certified organisations.

Communicating information about drug interactions

Drug interactions are bread and butter to journals of clinical pharmacology, and their ramifications are varied. In this issue, for example, we publish evidence that clarithromycin increases plasma glibenclamide concentrations, probably by inhibition of P glycoprotein [1]; this presumably explains previous reports of hypoglycaemia in patients taking this combination. In another report, a suspected interaction of fluvoxamine and tizanidine, via inhibition of CYP1A2, caused fatigue, loss of energy, drowsiness, and dizziness; when milnacipran was used instead of fluvoxamine, piloerection occurred and was attributed to α1-adrenoceptor stimulation by endogenous noradrenaline, after re-uptake inhibition by milnacipran [2]. Elsewhere, we learn that artemisinin can induce its own metabolism [3], in what might be regarded as a narcissistic drug interaction; the semiphysiological model that was used to analyse this phenomenon was also of interest.

Metric studies of information: An Approach towards a Practical Teaching Method

This paper addresses the validity, from the educational standpoint, of a methodological proposal for teaching bibliometrics as a part of the library and information science curriculum. The emphasis in this approach is on the use of readily available software, modularly integrated to facilitate full automation of the data gathering and analysis processes, as well as to obtain indicators. This methodology has been in place since 1996 as part of the curricula for the associate degree in Library and Information Science and the bachelor’s degree in Documentation awarded by the Carlos III University of Madrid.

Prelude to Israel's Past: Background and Beginnings of Israelite History and Identity (review)

Prelude to Israel's Past: Background and Beginnings of Israelite History and Identity, by Niels P. Lemche. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1998. 245 pp. $19.95. This book is a slightly revised translation of Lemche's 1996 work, Die Vorgeschichte Israels: Von den Anfangen bis zum Ausgang des 13. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. (Biblische Enzyklopaedie, 1: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer). The English version adheres to the intentions of the original German volume, which was meant for students and a general audience. Thus the degree of documentation via footnotes is relatively limited, in order to make the text more readable. In addition, the usefulness of the book as a reference tool is enhanced by the bibliographies which appear at the outset of each of its subsections. These structural considerations, combined with the stimulating views presented in the book, make it easy to recommend. The book is divided into four parts. Part I (pp. 1-65) reviews the biblical accounts, found in Genesis through Numbers, concerning the patriarchs, the exodus from Egypt, and the sojourn in the wilderness of Sinai. Lemche argues that these biblical stories are literary compositions and not historical sources. As works of art, the accounts may not be used to reconstruct ancient Near Eastern history. To make this case, Lemche mentions anachronisms and other disjunctures between the biblical narratives and the actual Near Eastern milieu. In sum, the Pentateuchal narratives cannot pretend to be historical documents pertaining to Israel's past; rather, they represent literary imaginings which Lemche compares to modern films. The makers of such films may pay close attention to proper clothing and speech patterns, but nevertheless they cater to contemporary sensibilities. Thus Lemche maintains that reasonable historian studies . . . Errol Flynn's portrayal of Robin Hood to reconstruct medieval English history (p. 65). In a similar vein, no one should view the Pentateuch as a reliable historical source. Part II (pp. 66-148) offers a historical reconstruction of Syria and Palestine from the early Bronze Age to the Habiru and the Sea Peoples of the twelfth century B.C.E., the supposed time period for much of the Pentateuchal narratives. Among other topics, Lemche discusses: (1) several literary texts from Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Egypt; (2) pertinent archaeological evidence; (3) the geography and ecology of the Near East; and (4) the lifestyle and economy of the Near Eastern social system. …

Fossil Invertebrate and Microfossil Collections: Kinds, Uses, Users

INVERTEBRATE and micro-fossil collections vary in size, scope, degree of documentation, quality of curation, purpose, usage, and security. This chapter introduces the main categories of fossil collections and curatorial attention, and documents the sources and uses of invertebrate paleontological materials. The term ‘permanent collection’ is used to describe collections housed in professional collections-care institutions that provide long-term commitment to collection security and curation. Invertebrate fossils include the hardparts (spicules, shells, etc., other body fossils [e.g., impressions, casts, and molds]), tracks, trails, and burrows attributed to invertebrates, and organic molecules. Microfossils, included here for convenience only, include the same kinds of remains of prokaryotes, protists, and tiny invertebrates. This book is the product of an National Science Foundation funded workshop organized to address specific concerns about curatorial practices in invertebrate paleontology. For this reason the focus of this chapter is on invertebrate fossils. Nevertheless, the concepts and uses of collections described below apply directly to paleobotanic specimens, and to most vertebrate fossils.

Determining fatigue allowances for grocery order selectors

This paper compares and contrasts four fatigue allowance worksheets commonly used to establish fatigue (relaxation) allowances for production standards; the factors, weights, degree of documentation and other operational characteristics of these worksheets are also examined. We briefly review the fatigue literature including objective physical measures of fatigue. Results of an experiment in which 11 industrial engineers independently applied the four worksheets to a standardized job analysis and video tape of a grocery order selector are reported. We conclude that inter-rater reliability and cross-validation are very low for the four worksheets and suggest validation studies using objective physiological measures of fatigue would be appropriate.

The experience of using a decision support system for nutrient management in Australia

Australia experienced an outbreak of algal blooms in the early 1990s that led to a concerted national program to reduce eutrophication. Most Australian States drew up nutrient management strategies which required catchment management groups to produce plans for nutrient reduction within their catchments. Most catchment management groups used the Catchment Management Support System (CMSS) to assist them in the preparation of these plans. CMSS is a simple decision support system developed by CSIRO (the national research organisation) which allows managers to assess the effects of Land Use and Land Management policies on nutrient loads. CMSS has been widely adopted by managers and community groups throughout eastern Australia and has been instrumental in drawing up many nutrient management plans. The program's success is attributed to its design features such as its simplicity of use, very low data demand, suitability for the specific institution task and the degree of documentation, training and support offered. In this paper the application of CMSS to the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment in New South Wales is used to illustrate features of the decision support system, and its relevance to policy formulation.

The experience of using a decision support system for nutrient management in Australia

Australia experienced an outbreak of algal blooms in the early 1990s that led to a concerted national program to reduce eutrophication. Most Australian States drew up nutrient management strategies which required catchment management groups to produce plans for nutrient reduction within their catchments. Most catchment management groups used the Catchment Management Support System (CMSS) to assist them in the preparation of these plans. CMSS is a simple decision support system developed by CSIRO (the national research organisation) which allows managers to assess the effects of Land Use and Land Management policies on nutrient loads. CMSS has been widely adopted by managers and community groups throughout eastern Australia and has been instrumental in drawing up many nutrient management plans. The program's success is attributed to its design features such as its simplicity of use, very low data demand, suitability for the specific institution task and the degree of documentation, training and support offered. In this paper the application of CMSS to the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment in New South Wales is used to illustrate features of the decision support system, and its relevance to policy formulation.

Wound documentation in coronial autopsies

Considering that a wound is defined as a disruption of continuity of a tissue by physical injury, it is obvious that for a pathologist involved in Colonial work, defining wounds is part of daily practice. It is a fundamental part of the subject, but as each pathologist feels that they have the correct approach, individual differences can lead to confusion. Wound documentation is of relevance in the majority of Coronial autopsy cases, no more so than in homicide cases. This is because of the sometimes very detailed court room discussions relating to each injury, and the necessity for all persons present to understand fully the nature of the injury. The degree of documentation should be adequate to allow a second pathologist to be put in the shoes of the first pathologist. The autopsy report is discussed in terms of injury definition, style, and nomenclature including differentiation of antemortem from postmortem injuries, as well as complex injuries. The use of charts, diagrams, tracings, photography, video, and X-rays are each considered.

Delayed Hypersensitivity Skin Testing: Variability of Physician Interpretation

To the Editor. —Despite the obvious importance of proper interpretation of the PPD and other delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, it has been our impression that physicians' criteria for interpretation are variable. To assess the standards being used to interpret delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, a questionnaire was sent to attending physicians, medical house officers, and medical students. In addition, a retrospective chart review also was conducted to assess the degree of documentation of skin test results recorded in the medical record. A total of 129 of 257 questionnaires were returned. The majority of respondents (112/129) defined a positive intermediate PPD skin test as having a diameter of induration equal to or greater than 10 mm. In contrast to the uniformity of criteria for a positive PPD skin test, the other skin tests (mumps, Candida , streptokinase-streptodornase, and Trichophyton ) were interpreted by a wide range of criteria: 28%, 5- to 9-mm induration; 44%,