Degree Of Atmospheric Pollution Research Articles

О поглощении антропогенного диоксида углерода лесами и степной растительностью Республики Тыва

INTRODUCTION. Currently, a coal mining territory is being formed in the Republic of Tyva, the volume of coal mining, the “carbon intensity” of production, and СО2 emissions into the atmosphere are increasing. Emissions of the man-made СО2 into the atmosphere caused by combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, wildfires, deforestation and land use development change the natural СО2 balance in the atmosphere, which is manifested in the photosynthesis and respiration processes of plants with the formation of natural carbon sinks. OBJECTIVES. The research aims to correlate the calculated data on the degree of atmospheric pollution by carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources with the sequestration potential (with respect to СО2) of the forest and steppe ecosystems of the Republic of Tyva. RESULTS. The sequestration potential of the ecosystems of the Republic of Tyva makes it possible to capture both its own carbon dioxide emissions (fuel combustion) and those introduced from other regions. CONCLUSIONS. The total impact of the man-made СО2 on the atmosphere in the city of Kyzyl relative to other regions is low, amounting to 1,41 million t-eq СО2/year; currently, the territory of the Republic of Tyva is characterized by an excess of the sequestration capacity of man-made СО2 (7,46 million t-eq СО2/year).

The Role of Climatic, Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors in the Natural Movement of Urban Populations in Kazakhstan, 2012-2020: An Analysis from a Middle-Income Country in Central Asia.

This study addresses the importance of identifying key characteristics influencing demographic indicators for urban populations, emphasizing the need to consider regional climatic features and ecological factors. The research utilized data from ten main regional cities across the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study involved a retrospective analysis based on secondary data from official sources spanning 2012-2020. We employed correlation analysis and multidimensional regression models. Noteworthy predictors for crude birth rate included the influence of effective temperature (β = 0.842, p < 0.0001), marriage rate (β = 0.780, p < 0.0001), Gini coefficient (β = -27.342, p = 0.020) and divorce rate (β = -2.060, p < 0.0001), with overall strong model performance (R2 = 0.940). The degree of atmospheric pollution (β = -0.949, p = 0.044), effective temperature (β = -0.294, p < 0.0001) and Gini coefficient (β = 19.923, p = 0.015) were the predictors for crude mortality rate, with a high model fit (R2 = 0.796). The study unveils significant relationships between demographic indicators (crude birth rate, mortality rate) and variables like effective temperature, marriage rate, divorce rate, Gini coefficient, physician density and others. This analysis of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors influencing demographic indicators may help in promoting specific measures to address public health issues in Kazakhstan.

The Effect of Different Cleaning Methods on Needles for Assessing the Atmospheric Heavy Metal Retention Capacity of Three Coniferous Trees

Urban air pollution has received increasing attention in recent years. To investigate the interaction between several heavy metal elements and the degree of atmospheric pollution, the leaves of three evergreen tree species—Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.), dragon juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Kaizuca’), and cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don)—were collected from main road intersections in the urban area of Tianjin, China. Two different treatments—water washing (WW) and ethanol washing (EW)—were used, and the contents of Cu, Mn, Cd, and Zn were measured in both washed and unwashed (UW) leaves. It was found that the heavy metal contents within Chinese juniper and dragon juniper were ranked as Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Cd, and the metal accumulation index (MAI) value was higher for dragon juniper. For the three plants, water washed off 5.36% to 58.58% of the total heavy metals in the needles, while ethanol washed off 16.08% to 71.60% of the total. Both washes were more effective for Cu, Zn, and Cd, and especially for the element Cd. Ethanol could clean off 38.64% to 71.60% of the total Cd from the leaves. Ethanol had a better elution effect compared to water, and the trend of the Cd content in the leaves of the three plants showed a change after the use of different washing methods, which suggests that the water washing may have masked the real difference.

Environmental effects and monitoring system design of energy cooperation between China and Russia in the context of “One Belt, One Road”

In the context of the Belt and Road, China-Russia energy cooperation has become closer, and energy cooperation industries are distributed in various energy fields. This paper firstly proposes that environmental monitoring of energy cooperation industries has positive significance for energy cooperation in the context of the Belt and Road, then elaborates the current situation and environmental effects of Sino-Russian energy cooperation, leads to the design of environmental effect monitoring system for energy cooperation industries, which is based on satellite and spectral estimation to analyze the changes of water and soil areas such as water and vegetation and the degree of atmospheric pollution, and derives the environmental benefits of industries. Finally, we conclude with a summary and outlook on the prospects and effects of Sino-Russian energy cooperation.

PINUS ELDARICA MEDW. AS INDICATOR OF VEHICULAR POLLUTION

This paper presents a study of developmental stability of Pinus eldarica Medw. in conditions of airborne traffic pollution. The study has been performed over the period of 3 years (from 2017 to 2019) in the Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study was to assess the morphophysiological changes in the species Pinus eldarica Medw. Exposed to pollution from motor vehicles and thus identify the bioindicator properties of pine trees. The study used morphological, physiological and statistical methods. The indicating data on fluctuating asymmetry and necrosis in Pinus eldarica Medw. was obtained in areas with varying degree of atmospheric pollution. Based on these data, ecological zoning was carried out using GIS technologies, and an environmental map of the studied territories was compiled. Species Pinus eldaric a Medw. can be used as a phytometer for the purpose of environmental monitoring.

CHARGED AIRBORNE PARTICLES AS INDICATORS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND THEIR RELATION WITH LOCAL POPULATION HEALTH IN THREE ROMANIAN CITIES

Electrically charged particles of air pollutants show the degree of atmospheric pollution they being consistent with some chemical indicators of air pollution. This study analyses these indicators of atmospheric pollution (EIAP) present in various zones around the cities of Iasi, Bacau and Piatra Neamt and correlate them with the incidence of some diseases amongst the population. The results show that certain values of electrical indicators of atmospheric pollution point to a higher incidence of diseases, especially to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Higher concentrations of electrically charged particles relate to higher degree of atmospheric air pollution and to higher incidence of disease in local population.

Magnetic particles in atmospheric particulate matter collected at sites with different level of air pollution

Magnetic measurements of deposited atmospehric dust can serve as an additional parameter in assessing environmental pollution. This method is based on the assumption that atmospherically deposited particles contain significant portion of ferrimagnetic iron oxides of anthropogenic origin, which can be easily detected. Aim of this paper is to identify clearly magnetic fraction of daily samples of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10), routinely used for air quality assessment and monitoring. We used combination of thermomagnetic analyses and other physical and chemical methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Our results show that daily samples of PM10, collected at sites with different degree of atmospheric pollution, contain magnetite of spherical shape, which is presumably of industrial origin. Thus, magnetic methods can be applied directly to the same substances, which are used routinely in air quality assessment and monitoring.

Morbidity and prevalence of asthma in rural and urban adult inhabitants of Dagestan Republic

The paper contains analysis of morbidity and prevalence of asthma in adult inhabitants of urban and rural regions of Dagestan Republic in 1995 to 2004. The analysis allowed identification of the most ecologically unfavourable regions in term of morbidity and prevalence of asthma. The epidemiologic difference closely depended on a degree of atmospheric pollution. There were important characteristic features of morbidity and prevalence of asthma in rural adult inhabitants at different ecological areas of Dagestan Republic. The population living at southern rural regions had the highest morbidity and prevalence of asthma.

Estimation of total atmospheric pollution using global radiation data: introduction of a novel clear day selection methodology

This work investigates the possibility of determining the degree of atmospheric pollution over the small Greek city of Serres based solely on measurements of global solar radiation and some simple meteorological variables. Hourly data of solar irradiance on an horizontal plane are recorded simultaneously together with relative humidity and wind speed. Along with some traditional techniques for selecting the clear sky days of the period examined, the statistical coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the daily distributions of hourly radiation data have been employed with reasonable success. Indeed, for the cloudless days of this study, the values of the above quantities are confined within narrow ranges which provide a criterion for their identification from the cloudy days. Comparison of global radiation data under clear sky conditions with reference values from a suitable theoretical model of literature, in combination with the results of a recent study for the nearby city of Thessaloniki, provides evidence that there is virtually no atmospheric pollution in Serres. Correlation of the observed deviations between measurements and predictions with recorded meteorological data lends further support to the above argument.

Factors of eczema chronization in elder children

As many as 3000 children aged 12 to 18 living in the places with the established difference of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of atmospheric pollution are examined by the entire method. The incidence, age and sex structure of eczema depending on the degree of atmospheric pollution as well as the contribution of factors providing the chronic course of eczema are determined. Hereditary and constitutional peculiarities and digestion organs pathology have a significant effect. Nearly 20% of the contribution of factors are connected with prolonged unfavourable effect of enviropment living conditions and atmospheric pollutants.

Peak expiratory flow values in children relative to the degree of atmospheric air pollution

The purpose of the study was to determine peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in children from three regions with different degrees of atmospheric pollution. The study included 1415 healthy children aged 7-9 years. In each child five measurements of PEF (1/min) were performed with a Vitalograph. The highest result was considered. The greatest degree of airway resistance, as reflected in low PEF values, was noted among children living in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and in the Olkusz region where the degree of atmospheric pollution is high compared with Zarki.

Possible routes of transport of atmospheric pollution into the arctic and patterns of accumulation in snow and ice

Abstract The article analyzes possible routes for the transport of atmospheric pollutants into the Arctic. They derive from both local and external sources and accumulate in the snow and ice which can thus be used as natural indicators of the degree of atmospheric pollution and its distribution. Monitoring points for taking samples for pollution studies, located both in polluted areas and pollution‐free areas are proposed. Some areas of the Kola Peninsula and the southern part of the Taymyr Peninsula are identified as polluted regions and Baydaratskaya Gulf and the Kolyma and Indigirka areas as relatively unpolluted regions.

Differences in seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of some respiratory diseases in towns with different degree of atmospheric pollution

Abstract The seasonal fluctuations of the morbidity of a population group in a city with strongly polluted atmosphere was compared with a non‐polluted city. The period of study comprised 5 years and included both adults and children. In order to compare the observed data the results were standardized per 100,000 of the population. In the case of adults, both the groups of acute respiratory infections and of acute bronchitis reach morbidity levels in polluted towns which exceed those of non‐polluted areas. In the town with strongly polluted atmosphere, in the case of children, the results confirm the greater frequency of the same diseases, while the seasonal curves present improvement only for a single period. This phenomenon supports the assumption that air pollution causes an increased number of diseases, irrespective of the season of the year. A clear seasonal phenomenon in the town with polluted atmosphere was observed in the case of chronical bronchitis, both in the case of adults and children. There is an enormous discrepancy between the occurrence of various diseases, which is practically negligible in the non‐polluted town.

Solar-radiation attenuation through the lowest 100 meters of an urban atmosphere

During an ongoing study of direct-solar-beam attenuation through an urban atmosphere, on three days within a 9-day period comparable measurements could be made of changes in direct and global solar radiation. The degree of atmospheric pollution ranged widely from below-average to above-average values of sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate mass, and particulate optical density. Carefully matched normal-incidence pyrheliometers were used to measure total spectrum and selected spectral bands of the direct solar beam. Simultaneous measurements were taken over a vertical distance of 100 meters between roof top and street level sites. Attenuation coefficients varied with the spectral band selected and with pollutant loading. Significant depletion of the direct-beam component has been measured, the total spectrum attenuation coefficients commonly varying between 0.05 and 0.40 km−1. Simultaneously, total short-wave radiation, direct and scattered, was measured by roof top pyranometers. Estimates from the latter measurements indicate loss of global radiation is generally 20–25% of the measured attenuation in the direct beam.

Atmospheric Pollution and Sunlight

Abstract Records of daylight taken in Boston over a period of 16 months are correlated with dust counts, wind velocity, and per cent relative humidity. Results indicate a slight inverse relationship between dust counts and daylight (coefficient = −0.1861) and dust counts and wind velocity (coefficient = −0.1501). At the recording station on the southern edge of the city 68 per cent of the maximum daylight possible was received. Although conclusive proofs are lacking it seems probable that natural causes more than smoke pollution account for this transmission figure. Measurements of solar ultraviolet light by the acetone-methylene-blue method are plotted for six stations in Massachusetts. The degree of atmospheric pollution in the vicinity of the Boston recording station is not sufficient to destroy the therapeutic value of sunshine, even during the winter months.

Further Studies of the Effects of Smoke from Towns upon Vegetation in the Surrounding Areas

In two previous communications a summary has been given of the results obtained in determinations of the relative degree of atmospheric pollution, firstly in various parts of the city of Leeds, and secondly in the surrounding semi-urban and rural areas, to a distance in some directions of seven miles from the centre of the city. The results obtained in the latter series indicated clearly the presence of extensive atmospheric pollution, showing the characteristics of coal smoke, in all parts of the area investigated. The degree of pollution was found to fall rapidly on passing in a northerly direction from the centre of the city into an area free from smoke-producing industries, but less rapidly on passing into similar areas to the north-east and east of the city, owing to the greater dispersion of the city smoke in these directions by the prevailing winds. On the opposite side of the city, from north-west round by south to south-east, smoke pollution was found to be very high in all quarters.