Degree Of Adequacy Research Articles

A VALIDATION STUDY OF THE TRANSLATED URDU VERSION OF THE ARTHRITIS IMPACT MEASUREMENTS SCALE ARTHRITIS IMPACT MEASUREMENT SCALES 2 IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS

Background of the Study: Language difficulties in the healthcare industry can cause misunderstandings or errors in care. Most of the Pakistani population communicates and comprehends in the Urdu language. Keeping this in mind, Urdu was chosen in the current study to gather information from patients with identified knee osteoarthritis in elderly individuals. To determine the validity of the translated version of Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 URDU in knee osteoarthritis patients in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 234 participants. The data were collected from knee osteoarthritis patients at the University of Lahore teaching hospital. Data were collected using the AIMS-2 URDU questionnaire and the KOOS questionnaire. The sample was collected using a non-probability-convenient sampling technique. Results: Out of the total, 116 (49%) were males and 118 (51%) were females. The mean age was 51.1 years. Overall test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Arthritis Impact scale were 0.990, excellent. The overall inter-item correlation of AIMS2-U was 0.981. For every subscale, the ceiling effect ranges from 5% to 10% and the floor effect ranges from 0% to 4%. The convergent validity between Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2—Urdu (arthritis pain, work) and KOOS (pain, symptom, ADLs, knee-related QOL) subscales when calculated through Pearson’s correlation coefficient was an excellent negative correlation. The highest factor loading demonstrated in arthritis pain was 0.960. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) degree of sampling adequacy confirmed a high significant value of 0.916. A value of 0.00 on Bartlett’s test is considered to be not significant. Conclusion: The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 Urdu Version portrays excellent test-retest reliability, excellent internal consistency, and strong positive correlation, i.e., excellent convergent validity.

Response Optimisation and Modelling of Experimental Data on the Performance of <i>Lasienthera africanum</i> Leaves Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric-Induced Environment

In this study, the CCD response surface methodology was used to model and optimise the performance of Lasienthera africanum leaves extract (LALE) as a corrosion inhibitor on mild steel. The experimental parameters were assessed at different immersion time and inhibitor concentration to determine the optimum conditions for corrosion mitigation. Using experimental results of the corrosion characteristics such as the weight loss, corrosion rate, and inhibition efficiency of LALE, new models were developed, the significance of which was tested using variance analysis. The developed RSM models of WL, CR, and IE were accurate and reliable, and their P-values were 0.0001, which is less than 0.05. Likewise, the R2-statistics (R2, adjusted-R2, and predicted-R2), adequate precision, and diagnostic plots were also used as a means to ascertain the degree of accuracy and adequacy of the WL, CR, and IE models. In addition, optimization of the corrosion inhibition process for LALE revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum IE, minimum WL, and CR were achieved at a concentration of 93.93 ppm and an immersion time of 228 hrs. Under these settings, the inhibition efficiency, weight loss, and corrosion rate were 93.85%, 0.294g and 3.267 mm/y, respectively. Therefore, the models are considered ideal for prediction with a confidence level of 95%, and the optimal combination is suitable for the corrosion inhibition process design. Hence these models can be recommended for applications such as oil well acidizing and pickling pipelines.

Health Claims for Sports Drinks-Analytical Assessmentaccording to European Food Safety Authority's Scientific Opinion.

In Europe, sports food supplements (SSFs) are subject to specific laws and regulations. Up to 70% of athletes are highly influenced by the information on the label or the advertisement of the SSF, which often does not correspond to the scientific evidence, such as health claims. The aim is to analyze such claims relating to sports drinks (SDs) in commercial messages. To this end, an observational and cross-sectional study was conducted based on the analysis of the content and degree of adequacy of the health claims indicated on the labelling or technical data sheet of the SDs with those established by the European legislation in force according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The SSFs were searched for via Amazon and Google Shopping. A total of 114 health claims were evaluated. No claim fully conformed with the recommendations. A total of 14 claims (n = 13 products) almost conformed to the recommendations; they were "Maintain endurance level in exercises requiring prolonged endurance", "Improve water absorption during physical exercise", and "Improved physical performance during high intensity, high duration physical exercise in trained adults", representing 12.3% of the total (n = 114). The vast majority of the claims identified indicated an unproven cause-effect and should be modified or eliminated, which amounts to food fraud towards the consumer.

Assessing the Quality of Patient Referrals from Primary Care Physicians at the South-West Regional Health Authority, Trinidad, 2019

Abstract Aim: To assess the adequacy and justification of referrals from primary care physicians (PCPs) to specialized care services. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional. In 2019, 1810 patient referrals from over 46 PCPs working at 23 centers, obtained through consecutive convenient sampling were reviewed. Parameters of the referral were assessed using the “South-West Regional Health Authority Tool for Assessing the Adequacy of Outgoing Referrals from Primary Health Care (PHC),” by senior PCPs. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the proportions of the degree of adequacy and completeness of referral parameters and the distribution of referral scores; referral rates; proportion of referrals to specialized care services and proportion of justified and unjustified referrals. Results: The referral rate was 5.28%. In terms of adequacy and completeness: Demographics - 77.96% - partially adequately completed; diagnoses - 91.65% adequately completed; History - 83.82% partially adequately completed; Examination findings - 43.70% - adequately completed. In 57.54% of referrals, the treatment given was not completed. In most referrals, sections that were adequately completed include recent labs - 57.54%; current medications - 48.83%; footer - 55.20%. The scores ranged from 5 to 21; median - 15 and mode - 16. Based on the senior PCPs’ perception, 94.36% of the outgoing referrals were justified. Most patients, 63.84%, were referred to the outpatient clinics and 33.89% to the emergency department. Conclusions: Most referrals were justified. The adequacy can further be assessed by an expert panel of end-users. Addressing gaps identified in the referral system should enable cost-effective use of specialized and PHC services.

Methodical principles of experimental-analytical research into the influence of pre-drilled wells on the intensity of gas-dynamic phenomena manifestations

Purpose.The research aims to substantiate the general provisions on coordination of the experimental-analytical research results of the influence of pre-drilled wells on the intensity of gas-dynamic phenomena manifestations (using the example of the mining-geological conditions of the phenomena at the PJSC Mine Administration Pokrovske, Ukraine). Methods. The research uses an integrated methodology consisting of indirect experimental methods for studying the adjacent rock mass state and tendencies. Findings. It has been proven that indirect experimental indicators of the rock mass state around the tunneling face are related to the peculiarities of the distribution of its stress-strain state components. Based on this research, the well lengths of up to 10-15 m has been determined to effectively and safely de-stress the rock mass. The experimental research validity is confirmed by conducted computational experiments, in the course of which the dependence of the propagation parameters of the stress-strain state component concentrations on the degree of hardness of the lithotypes is revealed, and a geomechanical substantiation to the tendencies of propagation of rock pressure anomalies near stoping and tunneling faces is given. The new knowledge obtained is the basis for creating a method for calculating rational parameters for the location of de-stressing pre-drilled wells. Originality. An objective assessment of the degree of adequacy and reliability of the computational experiment results has been made under the condition of using a new geomechanical model with mine studies of seismic-acoustic signal parameters and the initial gas release velocity. The main tendencies of vertical σу, horizontal σх and σz, as well as stress intensity propagation have been identified. The obtained results of exploring the bottom-hole mass are aimed at substantiating the parameters of anti-outburst measures for all preparatory mine workings. Practical implications. The conducted research is implemented in creation of a calculation method and recommendations for the selection of rational parameters for the location of de-stressing pre-drilled wells for the purpose of weakening the rock mass, surrounding the tunneling face, and reducing the probability of gas-dynamic phenomena occurrence due to the controlled weakening of adjacent rocks.

Branched hierarchization of indicators related to rural housing for environmental health evaluation

The Brazilian rural communities concentrate a significant fraction of the population exposed to deficient conditions in water supply, sanitary sewage, and solid waste management, which, combined with housing conditions, directly impact the quality of a healthy environment. Few studies have evaluated the salubrious conditions of a rural environment, and in the searches carried out, the use of branched hierarchical techniques was not verified. The objective of this work was to create a branched hierarchization of those variables that are the cause of unhealthy conditions of the housing environment. Initially, all the variables that affect the salubrity of the housing environment were listed, to later order them in a ramified form. Afterwards, and based on the technical literature, the parameters of adequacy and/or inadequacy of these variables were defined. This methodology was tested in a rural dwelling in order to exemplify its applicability. The application of the proposed tool has demonstrated a satisfactory practical use, with low time spent for its conclusion, besides providing a realistic characterization of the environment evaluated. This work provides an easily applicable methodology for obtaining a detailed report on the degree of adequacy of a wide range of variables that influence the healthiness of rural dwellings.

Enhanced BERT Approach to Score Arabic Essay’s Relevance to the Prompt

In recent years, automated essay scoring systems have seen significant progress, particularly with the integration of deep learning algorithms. This shift marks a move away from the traditional focus on style and grammar to a more in-depth analysis of text content. Despite these advancements, there remains a limited exploration of the essay’s relevance to the prompts, especially in the context of the Arabic language. In response to this lack, we propose a novel approach for scoring the relevance between essays and prompts. Specifically, our aim is to assign a score reflecting the degree of adequacy of the student’s long answer to the open-ended question. Our Arabic-language proposal builds upon AraBERT, the Arabic version of BERT, and enhanced with specially developed handcrafted features. On a positive note, our approach yielded promising results, showing a correlation rate of 0.88 with human scores.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of the EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Reporting

The development of companies in a sustainable manner is a desire of both company’s management and regulators who make sustained efforts to develop and standardize non-financial reporting. In the context in which the new European Directive regarding sustainability requires companies to report in accordance with the mandatory standards of sustainable reporting of the EU, including an external assurance of sustainability reporting that is necessary, the present research aims to analyze the perception of professional practitioners, members of the Chamber of Financial Auditors of Romania (C.F.A.R.) regarding the challenges and opportunities of implementing the European Directive on Corporate Sustainability Reporting. The main objective is to identify the main areas of concern regarding the efforts to train auditors in carrying out assurance missions related to non-financial situations, considering the new European Directive on non-financial reporting and, respectively, the adjacent developments carried out by the IASB and EFRAG in the sphere of the standardization of non-financial reporting. The present research proposes an analysis of the associations between the main defining elements of the auditor's capabilities (technological factor, human factor, audit processes) and, respectively, the defining elements of the auditor's profile outlined under the legislative framework, governmental monitoring and control mechanisms or the characteristics the economic environment, which influences the audit opinion. The main results obtained underline the fact that auditors are not yet prepared to provide assurance services in relation to sustainability reports, both from the perspective of defining and implementing robust audit processes, and from the perspective of the low degree of adequacy of the audit systems used or from the perspective of human factor knowledge and skills gaps. So, this reality confirms a state of fact that must concern professional bodies and, at the same time, governmental bodies in terms of the degree of involvement in auditor training activities and, respectively, the promotion of professional guidelines.

Incorrect arguments of scientific discourse in pedagogical texts, or samples for non-imitation

Introduction. Modern humanities are moving towards compliance with the requirement of evidence and comprehensive validity of their conclusions, the adequacy of the methods used and re­search strategies to the results obtained. This problem can be briefly summarised as a movement towards argumentative correctness. In the sciences of education, this requirement plays an extremely important role, since it allows one to find tools for the implementation of practical solutions in various segments of education and upbringing. However, the real state of pedagogical textual discourse demonstrates a lot of serious problems. Despite the types and regulations of empirical, theoretical and contextual substan­tiation long established in classical logic, the authors of scientific pedagogical texts often violate the framework of a meaningful and logically correct discourse. The arguments put forward are often unable to either confirm or refute the conclusions of the authors; sometimes they require serious additions and corrections. This seriously undermines the degree of trust of the reading community (both theorists and practitioners) in the conclusions proposed by the authors, reduces the public authority of pedagogical science and undermines faith in its ability to constructively influence educational practice. Therefore, the need for methodological “intervention” in the argumentative field of scientific pedagogy can be con­sidered quite conditioned. Such a research initiative could be the first step on the trajectory of the return of pedagogy to meet the criterion of methodological correctness. This conclusion is supported by the studies of European philosophers of education, which, together with the authors’ analysis, determines the relevance of the chosen topic of the article.Aim. The present research aims to identify and justify the typology of incorrect arguments in ped­agogical texts; and to display the wide spread of incorrect arguments as a field for promising research activities.Results. The results of the study are a typology of incorrect arguments, including: a) arguments that are untenable and inadequate to the defended theses; b) arguments that require serious concretisation and detail; c) structurally complex arguments, which are partially adequate, but, otherwise, they require a radical revision. The typology is added by not being placed on a par with the above three types of argu­ments, denoted by the cliché “complex argumentation palette”.Methodology and research methods. The research methods were: analysis of the Russian and foreign texts containing incorrect arguments; a selection of sources containing the most widespread argumen­tation errors; inductive generalisation to construct and substantiate the typology of incorrect arguments in pedagogy; reflection of the result obtained and identification of fragments of the designated topic that are relevant for prospective research.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the transfer of the research focus from the traditional designation by pedagogy methodologists of the criteria for the correctness of pedagogical discourse arguments to the identification of a typology of methodologically incorrect arguments, including three adjacent elements, supplemented by an element in which the three above are intertwined in a complex way. The totality of the results obtained can be displayed as a “constructive prohibition” criterion, illustrating to the scientific community ways to justify the results that must be avoided.Practical significance. The practical significance of the results lies in the specific guidelines for incor­rect arguments of scientific discourse, which can be metaphorically clichéd as an “example for non-imi­tation” and, on this basis, increase the degree of adequacy of the arguments to the thesis being defended in one’s own texts.

Оценка секвестрационного потенциала осиново-березовых древостоев островных лесостепей Средней Сибири

The forest-steppes of Central Siberia occupying submontane troughs and intermountain basins separated by taiga vegetation are considered insular. Forest woody vegetation is mainly represented by birch, aspen, larch and pine stands. A decisive role in the ecological sustainability of forest areas is played by larch plantations. This study has aimed to identify the characteristics of the dynamics of individual forest elements in the mixed deciduous stands within the forest area. The tasks have been to identify the characteristics of the forest area, characterize the dynamics of the taxation parameters of major and minor elements of the mixed stands and assess the contribution of the stands to the carbon balance. The work is based on the data of 548 strata. We have established the characteristics of the forest area age structure and how the stands of various completeness and productivity are represented in it. We have also estimated the variability of the average stands taxation parameters in different age periods. The average values obtained have become the basis for mathematical modeling of the table of the dynamics of the taxation parameters of the mixed stands. It turns out that the process to a reasonable degree of adequacy is reflected by the Weibull distribution. The accuracy of the equations has been estimated by the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error of the equation (S). On the basis of the obtained mathematical models, we have constructed the table of the dynamics of the average taxation parameters of the stands of the forest elements and of the mixed stand as a whole. The biological system of forest woody vegetation under consideration has a significant carbon sequestration potential. However, there is currently no generally accepted procedure for assessing the effectiveness of this process. Russian and foreign researchers have collected a large amount of data from different regions, but they have been using different methods. To estimate carbon stocks in the stands that are the object of the study, we have used the conversion-volume method for estimating carbon stocks in forest plantations. The result is the obtained data illustrating the dynamics of carbon stocks in the aspen-birch stands in the insular forest-steppes of Central Siberia.

Adecuación de las prescripciones médicas en faringitis estreptocócicas y otitis media aguda a las guías terapéuticas

Background and objective: to analyze the degree of adequacy to consensus therapeutic guidelines in acute pharyngotonsillitis and acute otitis media of primary care pediatricians. Material and Methods: retrospective observational study with data collection from electronic medical records of patients with suppurative AOM and streptococcal AAF in patients from 0 to 14 years of age residing in Araba, in an 18-month period study. Results: in the group of patients with suppurative AOM, 238 episodes have been evaluated, with a degree of therapeutic adequacy of 56.7%, being underdosing the main cause of inadequacy. In the group of patients with streptococcal AAF, 1721 episodes have been evaluated, with a degree of therapeutic adequacy of 57%, being the main causes of inadequacy overdose and short-duration regimens. Conclusion: in both suppurative AOM and streptococcal AAF, the degree of therapeutic adequacy is somewhat lower than in other analysed studies. To achieve a correct treatment in these processes in primary care settings is of vital importance due to its high frequency of diagnosis. It is also important to improve the quality of registered data in medical records of all patients.

Grafting 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine on microcrystalline cellulose for the adsorption of dyes: Experimental and modeling studies

Textile dyes are one of the most commonly found pollutants in water, and it is necessary to remove them before textile industry effluents are released into the environment. In this study, cellulose-based adsorbents were prepared by grafting N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-diethylenetriamine (TMSPDETA) on microcrystalline cellulose surface for the adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solution. Characterization of the produced adsorbents [Cel@TMSPDETA10; composite of cellulose + TMSPDETA (10% weight)] and the experimental and modeling studies were thoroughly investigated. Based on ΔBIC analysis (Bayesian Information Criterion), the fractal-like pseudo-first-order model (FPFO) was the model with the highest degree of adequacy to describe the kinetic behavior for RR-35 (Reactive Red 35) and RG-19 (Reactive Green 19) dye adsorption on Cel@TMSPDETA10. It was observed that the values of t0.95 (time necessary to attain 95% saturation) of RG-19 dye were 1.81 times slower than those of RR-35. This difference in times to attain 95% saturation of RG-19 with RR-35 could be assigned to the larger size of the RG-19 molecule. Based on the ΔBIC values, the Liu isotherm was better fitted to the experimental data. At 30 °C, the highest Qmax (Liu model) value was 197.0 mg g−1 for RR-35 dye. For RG-19, the highest value of Qmax (Liu model) was 210.5 mg g−1 at 45 °C. Alternatively, a statistical physics model that represents the general case of the Langmuir model was adopted to provide new insights into the adsorption mechanisms of RR-35 and RG-19 dyes on the adsorbents. Interestingly, this new approach showed that RR- 35 was adsorbed via a partial aggregation process, contrary to the RG-19 dyes.

DEVELOPMENT OF APPLIED ONTOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL CRIMINAL CRIME

Context. A feature of the modern digital world is that crime is often committed thanks to the latest computer technologies, and the work of law enforcement agencies faces a number of complex challenges in the digital environment. The development of information technology and Internet communications creates new opportunities for criminals who use digital traces and evidence to commit crimes, which complicates the process of identifying and tracking them.
 Objective. Development of an applied ontology for a system for analyzing a digital criminal offense, which will effectively analyze, process and interpret a large amount of digital data. It will help to cope with the complex task of processing digital data, and will also help automate the process of discovering new knowledge.
 Methods. To build an ontological model as a means of reflecting knowledge about digital crime, information was collected on existing international and domestic classifications. The needs and requirements that must be satisfied by the developed ontology were also analyzed. The creation of an ontological model that reflects the basic concepts, relationships in the field of digital criminal offense was carried out in accordance with a recognized ontological analysis of a specialized subject area.
 Results. An applied ontology contains the definition of entities, properties, classes, subclasses, etc., as well as the creation of semantic relationships between them. At the center of the semantics is the Digital Crime class, the problem area of which is complemented by the interrelated classes Intruder, Digital evidence, Types of Crime, and Criminal liability. Such characteristics as motive, type of crime, method of commission, classification signs of digital traces and types of crime, as well as other individual information were assigned to the attributes of the corresponding classes. An ontological model was implemented in OWL using the Protégé software tool. A feature of the implementation of the applied ontology was the creation of SWRL rules for automatically filling in additional links between a class instance. Manual and automatic verification of the ontology showed the integrity, consistency, a high degree of correctness and adequacy of the model. The bugs found were usually related to technical aspects and semantic inconsistencies, which were corrected during further development iterations.
 Conclusions. The research confirmed the effectiveness of the developed applied ontology for the analysis of digital criminality, providing more accurate and faster results compared to traditional approaches.

Modeling of Wave Processes in Hydraulic Drive Systems of Technological Equipment

The article, based on the performed theoretical research, solves the essential scientific and technical problem of increasing the accuracy of identification of wave processes in a hydrodynamic system (pipeline) by developing a generalized method of mathematical designing of the dynamics of a continuous viscous and weakly compressed fluid in the hydrodynamic system pipeline based on the Navier-Stokes equation. Amplitude-frequency characteristics represent parameters of wave processes in the hydraulic drive system. A partial solution of Navier–Stokes equations, under zero initial conditions, is proposed in the form of four-pole equations, the components of which are represented in the form of the Laplace image of the corresponding relative pressure and flow coordinates and the the hydraulic line parameters determine the four-pole elements themselves It is also proposed to determine the values of the four-pole elements based on time constants and relative damping coefficients on the frequency characteristics of hydraulic lines with distribution parameters based on the condition of equality of the first resonant frequencies and amplitudes (at these frequencies). With the help of the developed methods, the primary dynamic parameters of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of continuous viscous and weakly compressed liquid in the pipeline of hydraulic systems for different flow ranges. This made it possible to achieve the following practical results: the high degree of adequacy of the developed mathematical model indicates an increase in the reliability of determining the operating characteristics when designing a hydraulic drive. The high accuracy of determining the first resonant frequencies and amplitudes allows for creating a hydraulic pump with improved operational characteristics.

Evaluation of spatial quality and use of urban park: Case study of the Joaquim Amaral Amando de Barros Municipal Park in Botucatu, SP

Public spaces play an important role in urban life, as they are spaces that enable social relations, health and well-being. Those spaces aimed at leisure, such as urban parks, aim to offer the population, in addition to contact with nature, the development of physical activities and recreation for various age groups. The good quality of the spatial configuration encourages the permanence of users in the place and enables social interaction. However, the impoverishment of public space projects leads to their disuse. In this context, this article presents the result of a research that evaluated the spatial quality and use of an urban park. The case study was carried out in the Joaquim Amaral Amando de Barros Municipal Park, located in the city of Botucatu, SP. From an adaptation of the methodology developed by the Project for Public Spaces (2020), the elements associated with Access and Linkages, Comfort and Image, Uses and Activities, and Sociability were evaluated, using performance indicators and an index. The results show in general an excellent degree of adequacy of the physical aspects; however, the accessibility indicator was considered unsatisfactory. Accessibility problems impact the use of the park by people with motor disabilities or reduced mobility. Some weaknesses identified in the park can subsidize future design interventions and serve as a parameter for the development of projects in other parks.

Researching opportunities to improve efficiency detection of unmanned aerial vehicles

The article considers options for the formation of radio electronic systems for detecting UAVs using radar, optoelectronic, thermal imaging and acoustic systems with specified values of performance indicators in their autonomous use. The results of comparing the effectiveness of eight variants of the formation of electronic systems for detecting UAVs of the Lancet, Shahed-136, and Cube types are shown. In these variants, two electronic complexes are considered, which provide for the combination of 3 systems, and 6 electronic complexes, which provide for the combination of two systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the radio electronic complex for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles of each type, the indicator "probability of UAV detection" is used. The fact of UAV detection is recorded in three variants of partial task completion. The first embodiment of the partial solution of the task takes into account unmanned aerial vehicles detected by three systems. The second embodiment of the task takes into account unmanned aerial vehicles detected by any two of the three systems. The third variant of the partial solution of the task takes into account unmanned aerial vehicles detected by any one system out of three. To determine the performance indicator, a discrete-continuous stochastic model of the operational functional behavior of an electronic complex consisting of radar, optoelectronic or thermal imaging and acoustic systems with a given algorithm for its functioning is proposed. The development of a probabilistic graph of states and transitions is shown, on the basis of which a stochastic model of the operational functional behavior of the UAV detection electronic complex is formed in the form of a system of Kolmogorov-Chopman differential equations. The degree of adequacy of the proposed discrete-continuous stochastic model of the operational functional behavior of the electronic complex is determined by taking into account the performance indicators of the systems that are part of it. As indicators of system efficiency, we used "the probability of detecting a UAV by the system of the electronic complex when the UAV is in the area controlled by this system" and "the average values of the time intervals from the moment of UAV appearance in the controlled area until the moment of its detection by the corresponding system". To evaluate the increase in the efficiency of the created UAV detection electronic systems, an indicator is used in the form of the ratio of the probability of non-detection of UAVs by one system when it is used autonomously and the probability of non-detection of UAVs by the created electronic system.

V. Khlebnikov’s “Bobaobi sang lips...” in Chinese reception

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries in China, the understanding of the modernist trends of the Russian Silver Age deepened and expanded. The perception of futurism is subject to scientific and creative rethinking. The number of representatives of the Russian futurist movement who deserve the attention of Chinese specialists in translation, research, and critical activities is increasing. The reception of V. Khlebnikov’s work, taking into account the comprehension of futurist aesthetics and his poetic theory, determines the problems of modern Chinese studies of Russian futurism. The authors examine the theoretical and practical reception of V. Khlebnikov’s works in China, analyze the perception of V. Khlebnikov’s work by two Chinese specialists - Wang Zonghu (the main expert in the theory of abstruse language) and Zheng Tiwu (the main translator of the poet’s work in China). Identification of the degree of adequacy of the perception of the poet’s language experiments is carried out using the example of a comparative analysis of translations of the poem “Bobeobi lips sang…” into Chinese. The Chinese reader owes the discovery of V. Khlebnikov as the theorist and founder of Russian futurism to the skill of researchers and translators.

The question of war in the social doctrine of the Catholic Church through the prism of the events of Russia's war against Ukraine and in the current theological reflections of ukrainian catholics

The article analyzes the provisions on war in the social doctrine of the Catholic Church through the prism of the events of Russia's war against Ukraine and in the current theological reflections of Ukrainian Catholics. The purpose of the article is to clarify the possibilities of practical application of these provisions of the Catholic social doctrine in the situation of modern war in view of the assessment of their practical implementation by representatives of the RCC and UGCC in the context of today's war chronicle. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the consideration of doctrinal instructions regarding war, taking into account their evaluations by representatives of Catholics in today's Ukraine, who ponder theoretical questions "from the middle" of the practical experience of citizens of a country, against which the enemy has unleashed a brutal war. After all, only one's own experience of living in specific situations makes it possible to fully assess the degree of adequacy of theoretical provisions - actual reality. The achievement of scientific novelty is summarized in the conclusions: the corpus of the Compendium of Social Doctrine in its modern presentation (since 2004), as well as encyclicals and other documents of the Catholic Church of the 19th and 20th centuries, written by people who are representatives of the Euro-Atlantic cultural and civilization circle . Therefore, despite the potential of universality and timelessness (at least within the framework of the Christian worldview), these instructions can be understood and accepted rather by the recipients of the same circle, and do not take into account the entire mental complex of those who are actually outside it. That is probably why, similar to the written postulates of international organizations, the avant-garde builders of which are mainly the representative states of this same circle, the instructions of the Catholic social doctrine may not fully "work" in all situations of military conflicts. In particular, as it is now obvious, Russia has learned to use in its own interests fairly and humanely written laws and guidelines, secular and ecclesiastical, and to brutally violate them, to which both in the Catholic social doctrine and in the documents of international organizations, in the end, only one answer remains - armed power.

Ностальгическая тональность исходного текста как проблема перевода (на материале французского перевода сборника рассказов И. А. Бунина «Темные аллеи»)

The research aims to determine the adequacy of the techniques of rendering nostalgization means into French in I. A. Bunin’s short stories included in the collection “Dark Avenues”. Nostalgization is recognized as the leading principle of the author-individual aesthetics of Bunin’s émigré creative work, the basis of his individual style. The work is based on an approach to the literary text as a carrier of the cultural potential of the language collective, of which the author is a representative, as well as on a holistic investigation of all elements of the literary text, which allows realizing the macro-meaning of the work. The research is novel in that it is the first to examine the translation aspects of the phenomenon of nostalgization in Bunin’s texts. The paper studies the means of rendering explicit and implicit culturally relevant components of the source texts as the most obvious markers of the writer’s nostalgia. The techniques of compensation and filling in cultural background lacunae and text lacunae are revealed, some cases where the national color of the Russian texts is lost are noted. The nostalgic tonality of the source texts is also represented by the means implementing I. A. Bunin’s poetic and philosophical principle of the importance of the sensory perception of life. The rendering of these means in the French translation is characterized by a high degree of adequacy. The results show that the problem of rendering the nostalgic tonality of Bunin’s short stories was solved in the French translation within the framework of a culturally oriented translation strategy. The main technique used was compensation, which is complex in nature.

Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model of Management for Weaned Piglets and Its Relations with Farm Performance and Veterinary Medicine Consumption.

Weaned piglets, being immature, demand careful handling to mitigate post-weaning stress in order to avoid immunosuppression and the use of antimicrobials to palliate the effects of disease outbreaks due to poor management. The objective of this work is to design a quick scan calculator or multi-criteria evaluation model of management for weaned piglets, founded on 10 critical indices covering post-weaning management aspects based on hygienic measures and management of facilities and animals. These include pre-weaning handling, batch management, biosecurity, water management, feed management, health program, stockmen training, temperature, ventilation, and floor conditions and density to relate handling and hygiene practices with farm performance and the consumption of veterinary medication. Each index carries a maximum score of ten, with evaluations derived from different management factors that make up each index (from three to eight factors were evaluated per index). Their cumulative score reflects the degree of adequacy of on-farm management. Therefore, a perfectly managed farm would achieve 100 points. The calculator underwent testing on 23 intensive farms with a total population of close to 16,000 sows and more than 400,000 weaned piglets, revealing the highest mean scores in floor conditions and density (8.03 out of 10) and pre-weaning handling and health programs (6.87 and 6.28, respectively). Conversely, the lowest scores corresponded to temperature, ventilation, water management, and stockmen training (4.08, 4.32, 4.81, and 4.93, respectively). The assessed farms averaged a global score of 56.12 out of 100 (from 37.65 to 76.76). The calculator's global score correlated with key post-weaning productivity and piglet health indicators, such as the feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, and piglet production cost, with r values of -0.442, -0.437, and -0.435, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, it negatively correlated with medication costs per piglet (r = -0.414; p < 0.05) and positively with annual farm productivity (r = 0.592; p < 0.01). To enhance management, hygiene, and prevention, farms should prioritize addressing indices with the lowest scores, thereby reducing medication consumption and enhancing productivity and health outcomes. Additionally, this quick scan calculator can be used for benchmarking purposes.