Degree Of Acculturation Research Articles

Profile of cannabis users among a population of Tunisian young adults residing abroad

IntroductionTunisian emigrants may consume psychoactive substances in other countries. This community is exposed to sociocultural and legal contexts different from those in Tunisia and the degree of acculturation would tend to increase over time. However, data on the use of psychoactive substances, particularly cannabis, in this particular population are scarce.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the profile of Tunisian young adults residing abroad who use cannabis.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study. It was carried out in the form of an online survey. We focused on young Tunisians people who have completed their secondary studies at the pilot high school of Sfax and currently residing abroad. Data collection was through Google Forms administred questionnaire.ResultsThirty-five participants were included in our study. Cannabis use behavior affected 48.6% of them (N=17)) and it was done with friends in a festive setting in 88% of cases (N=15). Cannabis use was more common among people who were single (p=0.001), living alone (p=0.047), had a psychiatric history (p=0.032) and hanging out with friends who also smoked cannabis (p=0.032).Cannabis use was also more common among cigarette smokers (p=0.000) and alcohol consumers (p=0.000). It was significantly more common among people who shared erroneous beliefs about cannabis, that it is a mild drug (p= 0.024) and that it does not cause dependence (p= p=0.042).ConclusionsCannabis use among Tunisian young adults residing abroad seems to be a form of poly-consumption, more common among singles, living alone and having a psychiatric vulnerability. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and educational initiatives to address cannabis use within this specific population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

El trabajo de los naturales en la formación de la sociedad tinerfeña

The presence and, therefore, the work of the aborigines in the new Canarian society moved between two extremes: danger and necessity. The first was the result of their numbers and knowledge of the terrain, which were a threat to the small number of settlers. Opposing this was the shortage of workers, which threatened the beginning of the colonization process. The conflict was initially directed towards limiting their presence, to later impose their acceptance, although with difficulties and limitations. We will analyze this process on Tenerife, the island with the most documentary records. We will do so from its conquest in 1496 until the end of the first quarter of the 16th century, the period when the foundations of the new order were laid. We will study three groups that evolved differently, depending on their initial status and degree of acculturation. These are the Canarians, the Gomeros, and the Guanches, since data on the Palmas is scarce.

Entre dos mundos: la historia de tres familias guanches de El Rosario, Tenerife, después de la conquista

The presence and, therefore, the work of the aborigines in the new Canarian society moved between two extremes: danger and necessity. The first was the result of their numbers and knowledge of the terrain, which were a threat to the small number of settlers. Opposing this was the shortage of workers, which threatened the beginning of the colonization process. The conflict was initially directed towards limiting their presence, to later impose their acceptance, although with difficulties and limitations. We will analyze this process on Tenerife, the island with the most documentary records. We will do so from its conquest in 1496 until the end of the first quarter of the 16th century, the period when the foundations of the new order were laid. We will study three groups that evolved differently, depending on their initial status and degree of acculturation. These are the Canarians, the Gomeros, and the Guanches, since data on the Palmas is scarce.

Examining admission and scheduling for Asian American and pacific islander students' special education

Admission and scheduling for Special Education (SE) are crucial procedures to ensure students with disabilities receive the particular assistance and resources they need to succeed in school. Recent research has questioned these patterns, suggesting that students of colour may be underestimated in programs covered by federal law, even though educational systems in the US need to track the excessive several minority students in SE. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are a population that has historically been underrepresented in special education. They are often left out of these conversations on disproportionality. However, prior research has not looked at the enormous variability in experiences between AAPIs and how the special learning trends can vary between AAPI ethnic groupings. To study the experiences of AAPI students, researchers chose a suburban school area in California. This work is part of a wider district-researcher cooperation aimed at reducing racial inequities in the area's special education services, especially for AAPI students. This research explores further underrepresentation by breaking out participation rates and the timeliness of goods and services for 11 AAPI ethnic groupings over 10 years utilizing longitudinal data on ten cohorts totalling 42,807 kindergarteners from a single school district. The results demonstrate that AAPI students are neglected in special education and obtain services later on than their White peers. Even after taking into consideration student history, degree of acculturation, and fixed influences at school, these patterns persist. The under representation of AAPIs in SE, both overall and across the majority of AAPI ethnic groupings, as discovered in this research, is a warning sign that the system isn't fair to AAPIs. These patterns reflect how AAPI students are becoming marginalized in schools and how difficult it is for them to get treatment for a variety of problems, such as poor academic performance and peer harassment.

Evaluating predictors of food insecurity among patients with cancer in the safety-net setting.

e18550 Background: Patients with cancer, especially minority and low-income individuals, are at increased risk of financial toxicity and food insecurity. The COVID-19 pandemic has added dire economic challenges to vulnerable populations leading to a global increase in food insecurity. We sought to evaluate the severity and predictors of food insecurity among low-income patients with cancer. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional multi-lingual survey (i.e., English, Spanish, and Chinese) on a convenience sample of patients with cancer who receive oncologic care at a safety-net hospital. Food insecurity and financial toxicity were measured using validated scales [i.e., US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey and the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST)]. The primary outcome was food insecurity during COVID-19 and predictors of interest included sex, financial toxicity, insurance change, and degree of acculturation. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics and we explored associations between food insecurity and predictors of interest using bivariate regression. Results: A total of 140 patients participated in the study, of whom 56% were male and 47% were 50-64 years old. The most common cancer diagnoses were breast cancer (33%), followed by prostate (13%) and lung cancer (12%). The diverse study participants self-reported being 42% Hispanic/Latinx, 33% Asian, 18% Black or African American, and 14% White. Over half (52%) reported an annual household income ≤$24,999 and 50% experienced a decrease in income during the COVID-19 pandemic. The median COST score was 24 (IQR: 19-31) with 41% experiencing financial toxicity (COST < 26). Most participants experienced food insecurity, including 42% with low food security and an additional 19% with very low food security. In bivariate analysis, increasing financial toxicity (i.e., lower COST score) was associated with a 21% increased risk of very low or low food security (95% CI: 1.11-1.32) and 13% increased risk of low food security (95% CI: 1.05-1.21). Male sex was associated with 312% increased risk of very low food insecurity when compared to female sex (95% CI: 1.02-9.55). Acculturation and changes in insurance coverage were not associated with increased risk of food insecurity. Conclusions: Food insecurity was highly prevalent in this multi-ethnic cohort of low-income patients with cancer. Interestingly, male sex was significantly associated with increased risk of very low food insecurity. Further analyses should explore this potentially at-risk population, their access to nutrition-related support, and the impact of food insecurity in cancer outcomes.

Crying the pain away: the nature, measurement, and function of benign masochism

ABSTRACT This study explores benign masochism, the ostensibly non-adaptive enjoyment of inherently aversive experiences (e.g., rollercoasters). After confirming the proposed eight-factor structure of the Benign Masochism Scale (BMS), gender differences in BMS scores and their association with measures of acculturation were examined to assess if benign masochism reflects degree of immersion in the dominant culture. Data were then used to test the hypothesis that benign masochism serves an emotion regulatory function comparable to behaviors like substance use or non-suicidal self-injury. Participants (n = 585, 51.1% female) completed the BMS and measures of sensation-seeking, impulsivity, emotion regulation deficits, and acculturation. Finding suggest significant gender differences in benign masochism and links with degree of acculturation in participants from diverse backgrounds. Associations between BMS scores, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and emotion regulation deficits were replicated here, though variables accounted for little variance in BMS scores. In spite of similarities to established clinical phenomena such as substance use and non-suicidal self-injury, the mechanisms underlying the common yet relatively understudied phenomenon of benign masochism appear to differ and require further exploration.

Exploring the Association of Ethnic Identity and Pain Resilience: A Pilot Study in the Latinx/Hispanic Community

Pain disproportionally affects minoritized individuals, such as Latinx/Hispanic. Evidence suggests that resilience factors are associated with positive pain-related outcomes; however, there is a lack of research to understand the role of cultural factors, resilience, and pain in the Latinx/Hispanic community, an understudied population substantially affected by Musculoskeletal pain (MSK). The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate how acculturation and ethnic identity are associated with sources of resilience (pain resilience, hope) and pain outcomes (pain intensity, pain interference) in a sample of older Latinx adults. A total of 21 participants self-identified as Hispanic attended a laboratory visit and completed sociocultural questionnaires including the Psychological Acculturation Scale (PAS), the Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PEDQ), as well as the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), and the PROMIS-pain intensity and PROMIS-pain interference scales. There were 14 males, and the average age was 60.8 years (SD=8.6). Most participants were foreign-born (n=14) and reported living in the U.S for an average of 38.4 years (SD=20.3). Consistent with prior research, correlation analyses revealed that pain resilience was negatively associated with pain interference (r=-0.47). There were no significant correlations between acculturation variables and pain outcomes; however, having a stronger ethnic identity was positively associated with pain resilience (r=0.57) and hope (r=0.53). Also, the degree of acculturation was negatively associated with discrimination (r=-0.52). These results shed light on the need to incorporate cultural factors such as ethnic identity into research examining pain-related outcomes and resiliency. Doing so will take us one step closer towards identifying ways to leverage cultural variables into interventions designed to enhance resilience in older Latinx/Hispanic adults who deal with MSK. Grant support from NIH/NIA (P30AG059297-03). Pain disproportionally affects minoritized individuals, such as Latinx/Hispanic. Evidence suggests that resilience factors are associated with positive pain-related outcomes; however, there is a lack of research to understand the role of cultural factors, resilience, and pain in the Latinx/Hispanic community, an understudied population substantially affected by Musculoskeletal pain (MSK). The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate how acculturation and ethnic identity are associated with sources of resilience (pain resilience, hope) and pain outcomes (pain intensity, pain interference) in a sample of older Latinx adults. A total of 21 participants self-identified as Hispanic attended a laboratory visit and completed sociocultural questionnaires including the Psychological Acculturation Scale (PAS), the Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PEDQ), as well as the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), and the PROMIS-pain intensity and PROMIS-pain interference scales. There were 14 males, and the average age was 60.8 years (SD=8.6). Most participants were foreign-born (n=14) and reported living in the U.S for an average of 38.4 years (SD=20.3). Consistent with prior research, correlation analyses revealed that pain resilience was negatively associated with pain interference (r=-0.47). There were no significant correlations between acculturation variables and pain outcomes; however, having a stronger ethnic identity was positively associated with pain resilience (r=0.57) and hope (r=0.53). Also, the degree of acculturation was negatively associated with discrimination (r=-0.52). These results shed light on the need to incorporate cultural factors such as ethnic identity into research examining pain-related outcomes and resiliency. Doing so will take us one step closer towards identifying ways to leverage cultural variables into interventions designed to enhance resilience in older Latinx/Hispanic adults who deal with MSK. Grant support from NIH/NIA (P30AG059297-03).

Differences in Overweight or Obesity, Changes in Dietary Habits after Studying Abroad and Sleep Quality by Acculturative Degree among Asian Foreign Students: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study.

The number of foreign students is increasing worldwide, and they suffer from acculturation to different environments or cultures. This pilot study examined the difference in overweight or obesity, changes in dietary habits after studying abroad and sleep quality according to acculturative degree among 225 Asian foreign students in South Korea. Most subjects (61.8%) experienced a low acculturative degree. The change in dietary habits after studying abroad showed a significant difference according to the acculturative degree (p < 0.001); however, there were no differences observed in sleep quality (p = 0.090) and prevalence of overweight or obesity according to acculturative degree (p = 0.101). Interestingly, a difference in the risk for being overweight or obese by sleep quality after being stratified into groups according to acculturative degree was observed. Among the groups with a low acculturative degree, subjects reporting poor sleep quality had a 2.875-fold (95% CI = 1.167–7.080) higher risk of being overweight or obese than those reporting good sleep quality. However, the risk of being overweight or obese was not different among the high acculturative group regardless of their sleep quality. The results showed that the degree of acculturation could influence the risk of being overweight or obese according to sleep quality among Asian foreign students.

Individual variations in British humour appreciation among Chinese–English bilinguals: Role of socialisation and acculturation

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The primary aim of this study is to investigate individual differences in the appreciation of humour in an L2 with a special focus on British humour. It examined the predictive effects of variables including sociobiographical factors, linguistic profiles, domain-specific communication, and degree of acculturation on L2 (British) humour appreciation among late Chinese–English bilinguals. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted a quantitative approach and used a video-embedded online questionnaire for data collection. A total of 131 UK-based late Chinese–English bilinguals rated the funniness of two short extracts from British sitcoms and answered questions regarding sociobiographical, linguistic, domain-specific communication, and cultural factors. Data and analysis: Funniness rating scores were calculated for each participant and for each humour extract. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to find out the correlations between funniness ratings and different variables. Other non-parametric statistical tests such as Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test were run to compare the differences between variables. Findings/conclusions: Chinese–English bilinguals who were more frequently engaged in humour-specific communication with friends and L1 speakers of British English and acculturated to a higher level tended to perceive L2 (British) humour funnier. Originality: The study highlights the role of humour socialisation and acculturation, along with L2 proficiency, in the appreciation of L2 humour. Sociobiographical factors associated with the appreciation of L1 humour may not necessarily predict the appreciation of humour in an L2. Significance/implications: The study contributes to the literature on the predictive factors for the domain of humour in an L2 among bilinguals and offers implications for both the field of bilingualism and humour.

Present Scenario of Bathudi culture and Society

Abstract: Odisha has one of the largest concentrations of tribal population in the whole country. In concrete figure they number around 8 million. Tribal communities differ from all others in many aspects, their distinctive features being clan organization and territorial exogamy, class’s social structure, youth dormitory, colourful rituals and folk art, music and dance. The 62 tribes in Odisha wary in their size, degree of acculturation and economic patterns. While the Kondhs numbering around nine lakh are numerically the largest in the state. the Santals are among the three largest and advanced tribes in the country. The major tribes living in Odisha are the Bathudi, Santhals, Oraons, Gonds and Kondhs. Although many of the Adivasi tribes are found in other parts of the country, the Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis are exclusive to Odisha. The tribal Communities are in various stages of economic and social development starting with the least developed Bondas and ending with the comparatively advanced Santals, the spectrum covering seminomadic to semiurban conditions. Keyword: exogamy, acculturation, Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis

UNDERSTANDING THE COLLECTIVISM DILEMMA: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE ETHNICITY PLAYS IN PROMOTING THE COLLECTIVIST BEHAVIOUR OF CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM FAMILIES AT MEALTIMES

The findings show how ethnicity plays a significantly role in Sierra Leonean families meal consumption behaviour. It defines the social grouping of families, and demonstrates how they align with the type of language spoken, their cultural beliefs, the region or community they come from and most notably the assumptions they espoused at the dinner table. These factors are symbolic in defining the character of families at mealtimes, but it significance vary from family to family based on their ethnic orientation and the degree of acculturation experienced by them. This paper evaluates the role ethnicity plays in promoting the collectivist behaviour of Christian and Muslim families when they interact socially at mealtimes. This is emblematic of the fact that the cultural behaviour of families is never sacrosanct and inflexible, but changes from time to time based on their level of exposure to either a new environment and/or a new social group. Consequently, this paper highlights the role of ethnicity on the behaviour of Christian and Muslim families (husband and wife) at mealtimes and draw attention to its significance as crucially element of collectivism, particularly in relation to its role in the social interaction between similar and dissimilar gender groups. The authors critically reviewed the role ethnicity has on families meal consumption behaviour and presented a comparative analytical summary of how gender is critical to the meal behaviours of different gender and religious groups. The study evaluated the role ethnicity plays in families meal social interaction behaviour and highlighted factors such as affection, gender differentiation, education and hierarchy, as prime factors of the collectivistic behaviour of families. However, it was evident from the findings that failure to demonstrate emotional ties at mealtimes can debilitate families cohesiveness and display of common strength.

Placental weight in first generation migrant mothers in Germany. Do the length of stay, acculturation or migrant status play a role?

IntroductionMigration status affects perinatal outcomes. A small placenta is associated with placental dysfunction and poor outcomes. Placental weight and perinatal outcomes are influenced by migrant status, the length of stay and the level of acculturation in the host country.Our aim was to compare placental weight in first generation immigrants to native non-immigrants in a teaching hospital in Berlin. The influence of migrant status, the length of stay and the level of acculturation on placental weight was also ascertained. MethodsAt the Charité University Hospital in Berlin Germany between January 2011 and January 2012, 1373 non-migrant and 1243 first generation migrants were included. Data collection was by means of a standardized questionnaire. The level of acculturation was based on the Frankfurter Acculturation Questionnaire (Frankfurter Akkulturationsfragebogen-FRAKK). Demographic parameters such as age, maternal weight, country of origin, parity, anemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and neonatal outcomes including neonatal weight, placental weight were measured. ResultsWe found no difference in mean placenta weight when comparing first generation women with a migration background to women of the native population (608 g vs 597 g, p-value 0.41). There was also no difference in placental weight when assessed by the length of stay and degree of acculturation in the host country. DiscussionWhile first generation migrant women have increased perinatal complications, there is no influence of migrant status, length of stay and the degree of acculturation on placenta weight. Pregnancy outcomes maybe be more dependent on factors such as the access to adequate maternal care.

In League Against King Alcohol: Native American Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1874–1933 by Thomas J. Lappas

Reviewed by: In League Against King Alcohol: Native American Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1874–1933 by Thomas J. Lappas Izumi Ishii In League Against King Alcohol: Native American Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1874–1933. By Thomas J. Lappas. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020. Pp. xx, 321. $36.95, ISBN 978-0-8061-6463-2.) Drawing on years of extensive archival research, Thomas J. Lappas explores the work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in Indian communities. He focuses on Native American women who, as members of the WCTU, worked with white women for the cause of temperance at the turn of the twentieth century. Lappas poses the question of why Native American women took an interest in the work of the WCTU and became members. By analyzing Indian women [End Page 351] leaders' own words, he concludes that their reasons for joining the organization reflected both their degree of acculturation and their strong will to preserve their distinctiveness as Indians. The organization's Christian foundation also motivated many Indian women to join. Native women were aware of the devastating effects of alcohol on their communities, and they believed that the WCTU could help solve the problems they faced. Native women's writings reveal that they witnessed and even suffered from domestic violence caused by excessive drinking, which also spurred them to join the WCTU. Unfortunately, Indian women were rarely visible as individuals except for their role in the Loyal Temperance Legions organized for children. Being a member of the WCTU did not necessarily mean that Native women and their white counterparts acquired a better understanding of one another. The Union Signal and other WCTU publications helped perpetuate the stereotypical images of Indian savagery that offended the often well-educated Native members of the WCTU. The organization also weighed in on one of the most bitterly contested issues in Indian affairs at the turn of the twentieth century—the allotment of tribal land to individuals and the opening of surplus land to non-Indian homesteaders. Initially exempt from allotment, the five large Indian nations in eastern Oklahoma, known as Indian Territory, resisted extension of the policy to them. The national WCTU, however, passed a resolution supporting the merger of Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory WCTUs after Oklahoma statehood, a move that sorely disappointed Native members. In the end, the cause of temperance failed to forge ties of sympathy and friendship between Native WCTU women and white members. Instead, the WCTU found its strongest allies in Indian Territory among white missionaries rather than among Indian people. No one would challenge the author's statement that "[s]imply telling the story of the WCTU and Native Americans is valuable" (p. 5). Yet the best chapters are the ones that deal with non-Native women activists working for Indians and their communities, rather than "Native American Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union" as the subtitle of the book indicates. The WCTU that Lappas depicts was not likely to be an organization where Indian women members and their white counterparts enjoyed a world of solidarity and sisterhood. Lappas's study reveals the intolerance that characterized the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, in aiming to attain its ultimate goals, at the turn of the twentieth century. To what extent did Native women contribute to the success in the WCTU's crusade against alcohol, and what roles did they play in the wide-ranging activities of the WCTU? In League Against King Alcohol: Native American Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1874–1933 gives readers an incentive to seek further what the organization meant to the Indian women who worked with assimilationist white reformers in the struggle for sobriety and at the same time strove valiantly to preserve their Native identity and tribal sovereignty. [End Page 352] Izumi Ishii Tokai University Copyright © 2021 The Southern Historical Association

The interior of the pre-burial house from the new Jewish cemetery in Lodz. Remarks on its architecture, function and style

The development of exact, natural and medical sciences that began in the Enlightenment affected many areas of everyday life, including attitudes to death and funeral rituals. This interest in issues related to the eschata was reflected in changing practice which significantly shaped legal regulations. The structure of metropolitan Jewish necropolises established since the late 18th century and transformation of cemetery architecture highlight the development of sepulchral culture, reflect functional innovations and stylistic changes, as well as the capabilities and requirements of Jewish communities operating in a non-Jewish environment. In the 19th century, through the introduction of new burial rituals, modern forms of grave monuments, representative buildings and park-like appearance, the cemetery becomes a representative place. This paper analyses the interior of the pre-burial house in the new Jewish cemetery in Łodź, taking into account the relationship between the applied architectural solutions and the purpose of the site, as well as the relationship between its function and style. In Jewish historical discourse, the issue of style as a tool for manifesting national identity or the degree of acculturation was primarily associated with synagogue architecture. The case of the pre-burial house from Łodź proves that research on ceremonial buildings erected in Jewish cemeteries may also help to determine the direction and nature of cultural transformation

Acculturation Associated with Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Disorders at the US-Mexico Border.

Sleep disparities exist among Hispanics/Latinos, although little work has characterized individuals at the United States (US)–Mexico border, particularly as it relates to acculturation. This study examined the association of Anglo and Mexican acculturation to various facets of sleep health among those of Mexican descent at the US–Mexico border. Data were collected from N = 100 adults of Mexican descent in the city of Nogales, Arizona (AZ). Surveys were presented in English or Spanish. Acculturation was assessed with the Acculturation Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II). Insomnia was assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep apnea risk was assessed with the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index, weekday and weekend sleep duration and efficiency were assessed with the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and sleep duration and sleep medication use were assessed with PSQI items. No associations were found between Mexican acculturation and any sleep outcomes in adjusted analyses. Anglo acculturation was associated with less weekend sleep duration and efficiency, worse insomnia severity and sleep quality, and more sleep apnea risk and sleep medication use. These results support the idea that sleep disparities may depend on the degree of acculturation, which should be considered in risk screening and interventions.

Abstract IA17: Observations and implications from examining cancer incidence rates and trends of ethnic Asian Americans

Abstract Asian Americans are a fast-growing population group in the United States (US). The substantial heterogeneity within them (e.g., by origin, language, culture, immigration history, socioeconomic status, degree of acculturation, etc.) and its impact on health and cancer disparities are increasingly being recognized. Except for Japanese Americans, the majority of the ethnic Asian Americans are foreign-born. Monitoring cancer incidence rates and trends among immigrant populations, especially in comparison with those of their countries of origin and US, can provide valuable information for understanding cancer etiology and identifying modifiable environmental and behavioral risk factors. As population mobility increases globally with time, this area of research will become more important and needed. The Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program (LACSP) is the population-based cancer registry for Los Angeles County (LAC) in California with over 10 million residents. It is a member of the California Cancer Registry (CCR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. It is also the only U.S. cancer registry that has consistently reported cancer incidence for four ethnic Asian American populations (i.e., Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Koreans) in its catchment area, which allows the comparisons of these largely immigrant populations against those of their countries of origin and US whites. The standardized and detailed data from LACSP and around the world published in the Cancer in Five Continents (CI5) volumes have enabled numerous international comparison studies. We used the CI5 online analysis tool, CI5plus, and extracted age-adjusted incidence rates by sex and cancer site in LAC for Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Koreans, respectively, to compare with rates from China, Philippines, Japan, and South Korea, as well as those for whites from the SEER registries for the period of 1973-2012. We observed: 1) Cancer-specific incidence rates among all four Asian ethnic groups in LAC have deviated from the rates in their countries of origin to approaching US whites; 2) although their risks for some cancers decreased (e.g., cervical, gastric, and liver), their risks for other cancers increased (e.g., breast, uterine, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and testicular); and 3) Filipino Americans display rather different cancer risk profiles from other ethnic Asian Americans. Our findings highlight the important changes in cancer-specific incidence rates and trends among the ethnic Asian American subgroups as compared to those of their countries of origin. These changes underline the significance of nongenetic factors, including environmental, behavioral, and lifestyle factors, in cancer development and deserve further attention. Along with existing literature on known differences in cancer risk among these subpopulations, our work will help establish priorities to decrease cancer burden among Asian immigrants. Citation Format: Lihua Liu, Juanjuan Zhang, Andrea Sipin-Baliwas, Amie Hwang, Mariana C. Stern, Myles Cockburn, Dennis Deapen. Observations and implications from examining cancer incidence rates and trends of ethnic Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA17.

Abstract MP03: The Association of the Parent-Child Acculturation Gap With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results From the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)

Introduction: Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia. Acculturation may help explain this elevated cardiometabolic risk. Within immigrant families, parents and children acculturate at different rates. A difference in the degree of acculturation, known as the “acculturation gap”, between parents and their children has been associated with behaviors that may increase cardiometabolic risk in youth. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between the parent-child acculturation gap and cardiometabolic health. Hypothesis: We tested whether greater gaps in parent-child acculturation were associated with worse cardiometabolic health in Hispanic/Latino youth. Methods: Hispanic/Latino youth ( n =1466, 8-16-year-olds) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores on the Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) Anglo and Latino Orientation Scales (AOS and LOS, respectively) were used to represent parent and youth acculturation. The Brief ARSMA-II primarily assesses language use patterns on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores on the AOS indicating a preference for English and higher scores on the LOS indicating a preference for Spanish. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hsCRP. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined associations of youth, parent, and youth x parent (the acculturation gap) scores for the AOS and LOS scales separately with each cardiometabolic marker. Results: On average, compared to their parents, youth reported a greater preference for English and a lower preference for Spanish (AOS=4.2 vs. 2.7; LOS=3.1 vs. 4.2, respectively). Greater discordance (i.e., an acculturation gap) in parent and youth AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction≤0.001). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any cardiometabolic measures. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth’s diet and physical activity did not alter the findings. Removal of non-significant acculturation gaps indicated an inverse association between parent AOS score and youth SBP percentile (β=-2.47, 95% CI: -4.73, -0.21) and between parent LOS score and youth total cholesterol (β=-2.87, 95% CI: -5.52, -0.21). Conclusions: Discrepancies in English language use in parent-child dyads may relate to increased obesity risk in Hispanic/Latino youth. Future studies are needed to identify mediators of this association, such as general stress and English language fluency.

Laughter in Oral Histories of Displacement: “One Goes on a Mission to Solve Their Problems”

ABSTRACTAlthough analyses of the use of humor and laughter in oral history have started to appear in oral history literature, the topic is still very under-researched. This paper builds on Kate Moore’s study of humor and laughter, exploring the use of unilateral laughter in eleven oral histories of exiled Cuban internationalist healthcare professionals. My work deepens our knowledge both on the role that laughter lays for interviewees who are navigating memories of their own life histories and on the history of the Cuban global universal healthcare system. By exploring the use of laughter, I shed light on the relevance of focusing on unconscious reactions in oral history narratives in order to understand better the emotions linked to narrated memories. My narrators’ stories of displacement also touch on what Neal Norrick has called the “humorous dual perspective” that allows interviewees to distance themselves from their past while simultaneously embracing and reflecting upon it. Additionally, I assert that another key factor to be taken into consideration when analyzing narrators’ use of laughter and this humorous dual perspective is the participants’ degree of acculturation.

Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors Among Arab American Women

Introduction: An estimated 3.6 million Arab Americans live in the United States. Limited studies have addressed Arab American women's health needs. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between personal factors (sociodemographic factors, degree of acculturation, psychological stress), health self-efficacy, social support, and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among Arab American women in California. Method: A cross-sectional, correlational survey study involved 267 women. The survey assessed women's personal factors, health self-efficacy, social support, and health promotion behaviors. Results: Age, education, orientation to American culture, psychological stress, health self-efficacy, and social support were strongly correlated with health promotion behaviors and explained 46% of its variance among participants, F(18, 248) = 10.657, p = .000, R2 = .46. Discussion: Participants scored low on both the physical activity and stress management of the health promotion subscales. Culturally sensitive interventions are needed to improve engagement in health promotion behaviors among these women.

The Influence of Acculturation on Physical Activity Behavior of Hispanic Adolescents

Objective: Participation in physical activity (PA) among adolescents lowers the risk for various chronic diseases. Yet, few adolescents in the U.S., particularly minority adolescents, meet guidelines of recommended PA (60 minutes daily). Acculturation has been shown to affect PA among adults but is less investigated among Hispanic adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the association between acculturation and PA utilizing a nationally representative sample from the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey. Methods: A final sample of 119 (weighted sample 3.3 million) adolescents (12-15 years) completed validated acculturation (language as a proxy measure) and PA questionnaires (# of days engaging in 60 min/day). Results: After adjustments, and compared to speaking only Spanish/little English, those who spoke equal English/Spanish (β=-.92, p=.05) and more English than Spanish (β=-.99, p=.04) engaged in fewer days of PA. Conclusion: These findings are, generally, in contrast to adult studies, which show that greater acculturation is associated with more PA. Tailored PA and sedentary interventions among Hispanic adolescents should consider their degree of acculturation.