Degradation Of Benzophenone-3 Research Articles

Synergistic effects of permanganate and chlorination on the degradation of Benzophenone-3: Kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity evaluation

To obtain utilization efficiency of low permanganate (KMnO4), it is available to combine with other chemical agents. This work found the synergistic effects of adding KMnO4 and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) simultaneously on the efficient degradation of benzophenone-3 (BP-3). The synergy factors of the combined method were increased with increasing concentrations of KMnO4 and NaClO. Neutral and alkaline conditions were more favorable for BP-3 removal. Methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) was used as the probe to detect high-valence Mn species (e.g., Mn(VI), Mn(V)). Results indicated that the reactivity of KMnO4 was improved by NaClO by increasing the content of high-valence Mn species. Cl- converted from NaClO was oxidized by KMnO4 to generate Cl2, also promoting the degradation of BP-3. The oxidative mechanisms of BP-3 in the system of KMnO4 coupling with NaClO (KMnO4/NaClO) mainly included oxidative ring-opening, carboxylation, Bayer-Villiger oxidation, electrophilic chlorination, hydroxylated reactions and cleavage, but oxidative ring-opening products were detected only in the combined system. Due to the reduced dosage of chlorine and the decreased toxicity in the combined process, KMnO4/NaClO decreased the environmental risk of the reaction process largely. Comprehensively analyzing the degradation efficiency and environmental risk in treatment of BP-3 by the combined process, KMnO4/NaClO oxidation is a promising technology for water treatment.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of novel \u03b1-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 composites for the degradation of endocrine-disrupting benzophenone-3 in water under visible light

The commonly used benzophenone-3 (BP-3) as ultraviolet filter ingredients is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has received particular attention owing to its environmental ubiquity, and it poses a threat to aquatic biota and human health. In this study, novel α-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 nanocomposites with different α-Bi2O3 contents and enhanced photocatalytic activity were synthesized by a mixing calcination method. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The 1 wt% α-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 composite exhibited the highest rate constant of 0.42 h-1 for photocatalytic degradation of BP-3, which was up to 6.3 times higher than that of g-C3N4 (0.07 h-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be due to the enhanced separation of photogenerated electron-hole (e--h+) charge pairs and suppression of e--h+ recombination. Scavenging experiments suggested that •OH, h+ and •O2- worked together in the α-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 photocatalytic process. The EPR spectra demonstrated that the α-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 composites generated considerably more •O2- and •OH than g-C3N4. Finally, cyclic degradation experiments showed the reusability of 1 wt% α-Bi2O3@g-C3N4 for BP-3 removal.

Tobacco-associated with Methylophilus sp. FP-6 enhances phytoremediation of benzophenone-3 through regulating soil microbial community, increasing photosynthetic capacity and maintaining redox homeostasis of plant

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has attracted widespread attention due to its large accumulation in the environment and its potential toxicity effects to human. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined application of tobacco and Methylophilus sp. strain FP-6 with both plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and BP-3 degradation function on BP-3 remediation in soil. The results showed that about 79.18% of BP-3 was removed from the soil after 30 days of plant culture inoculated with the FP-6 strain, which was significantly higher than the plant-alone treatment. Simultaneously, inoculation with strain FP-6 significantly improved growth performance, biomass production, antioxidant levels, osmoregulation substance, photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll accumulation in tobacco. Moreover, the application of FP-6 shifted the bacterial community, and enhanced the abundance of BP-3-degrading or soil nutrient cycling-affecting bacteria (e.g., Chloroflexi, Bryobacter, MND1 and Myxococcales), which might be valuable for the promotion of plant growth and degradation of BP-3 in the soil. The results from this study gave first insights into the enhancement of BP-3 removal efficiency from soil by phytoremediation assisted with bacteria possessing both PGP properties and BP-3 degradation function. The role of soil bacterial community in this remediation process was also discussed.

Synergistic Effects of Permanganate and Chlorination on the Degradation of Benzophenone-3: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Toxicity Evaluation

Synergistic Effects of Permanganate and Chlorination on the Degradation of Benzophenone-3: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Toxicity Evaluation

Photoelectrochemical sewage treatment by sulfite activation over an optimized BiVO4 photoanode to simultaneously promote PPCPs degradation, H2 evolution and E. coli disinfection

A new photoelectrochemical (PEC) system by means of adding sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) was developed to treat sewage. The PEC system simultaneously promoted pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) degradation, H2 evolution and E. coli disinfection using an optimized, visible–light driven BiVO4 photoanode. The PEC reactions were first carried out in 1.5 mM Na2SO3 electrolyte. 92.3% of 2 ppm benzophenone-3 (BZP) was degraded, and 115.36 μmol of H2 was produced in 90 min at 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which was a significant improvement over cases where the electrolyte was either Na2SO4 or NaCl. The sulfite ions were first activated by holes and then converted into sulfate radicals, which played a dominant role in the degradation of BZP. As the holes were caught by the sulfite, charge separation was also enhanced, increasing H2 evolution. The PEC reactions were also used to treat real sewage, in which case an 82% improvement in the rate constant of BZP degradation, 60% increase of H2 evolution, and 0.78 log enhancement of E. coli disinfection were achieved by adding 1.5 mM Na2SO3. The system was also feasible to degrade various PPCPs, and showed excellent reusability and stability, proving its great potential in sewage treatment.

Efficient degradation of the organic UV filter benzophenone-3 by Sphingomonas wittichii strain BP14P isolated from WWTP sludge

Benzophenone-3 (BP3) is a widely used organic UV filter present in many environmental compartments. One way BP3 is released into the environment is through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These plants are possible sources for degradation activity and WWTP sludge may potentially degrade BP3. Our goal was to identify any BP3 degrading microorganism(s) in WWTP sludge and to investigate whether the degradation was co-metabolic. Initial WWTP sludge microcosms spiked with BP3 showed 100% degradation after 20 days. Multiple transfers of these microcosms, while maintaining a strong selective pressure for BP3 degradation capabilities, resulted in the dominance of one bacterial strain. This strain was identified as Sphingomonas wittichii BP14P and was subsequently isolated. It was shown to degrade BP3 in a growth dependent manner. Strain BP14P utilized BP3 as the sole energy and carbon source and completely degraded BP3 after 7 days in minimal media. We tested the capability of BP14P to degrade nine other UV filters, but the degradation ability seemed to be restricted to BP3. However, whether this specificity is due to the lack of degradation genes, cellular transport or low bioavailability of the other UV filters remained unclear. The efficient degradation of BP3 by a group of bacteria well known for their potential for xenobiotic degradation is an important step forward for a complete risk assessment of the long-term environmental impact of BP3.

Benzophenone-3 degradation via UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate reactions

The degradation of benzophenone-3 (BP3) in water via the UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate (UV/PS) reactions was investigated. The degradation of BP3 exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics in both reactions. The degradation efficiency of BP3 was higher in the UV/PS reaction than in the UV/H2O2 reaction. In both reactions, the observed rate constants (kobs) of BP3 degradation were highest at pH 6 and increased linearly with increasing dosage of H2O2 and persulfate. The second-order rate constants of BP3 with •OH (k•OH_BP3) and •SO4– (k•SO4−_BP3) were determined to be 1.09 (± 0.05) × 1010 and 1.67 (± 0.04) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. The kobs values of BP3 were affected by water components such as HCO3−, NO3−, Cl−, and Br− ions, as well as humic acid. Based on the identified transformation products (TPs), the degradation pathway of BP3 during both reactions was a hydroxylation reaction. The inhibition of bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri due to BP3 and its TPs decreased more quickly in the UV/PS reaction than in the UV/H2O2 reaction. The results suggest that the UV/PS process is a better alternative to the UV/H2O2 process for removing BP3 and its toxicity in water.

Kinetics and degradation mechanism of Benzophenone-3 in chlorination and UV/chlorination reactions

Abstract Benzophenone-3 (BP3) is a potential phenolic endocrine disrupter that is widely used as a sunscreen and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer. The degradation of BP3 in water during chlorination and UV/chlorination reactions was investigated. The degradation of BP3 by both reactions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The pH profile of the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) were bell shapes that depended on pH, and the highest kobs values were obtained at pH 8 for both reactions. The contribution of OH radicals ( OH) on BP3 degradation under UV/chlorination conditions increased at acidic pH values, and the contribution of reactive chlorine species (RCS) such as Cl increased at neutral and basic pH values. The BP3 degradation rate was enhanced by the presence of HCO3− ions, but was inhibited by humic acid. A total of seven transformation products (TPs) of BP3 were identified during chlorination (TP-262, TP-296, TP-192, TP-226, and TP-118) and UV/chlorination (TP-244, TP-262, TP-278, and TP-296) reactions. Among the TPs, chloroform (TP-118) was only found in the chlorination reaction. The BP3 degradation pathways during both reactions were proposed based on these TPs. Degradation of BP3 was mainly associated with electrophilic aromatic halogenation in both reactions. Finally, the bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri by the TPs produced from the BP3 during the UV/chlorination reaction was lower than that of the TPs obtained during chlorination, implying that the additional oxidation of BP3 occurs by the reactive radicals produced during the UV/chlorination reaction.

Isolation and characterization of a novel benzophenone-3-degrading bacterium Methylophilus sp. strain FP-6

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is extensively applied in sunscreens and some other related cosmetic products. It is necessary to efficiently and safely remove BP-3 from environments by application of various treatment technologies. However, to the authors' knowledge, BP-3 biodegradation by a single bacterial strain has not been reported before. In this study, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium capable of degrading BP-3 as a sole carbon source was isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and classified as Methylophilus sp. FP-6 according to BIOLOG GEN III and 16S rDNA analysis. Methanol was chosen for further experiments as a co-metabolic carbon source to enhance the microbial degradation efficiency of BP-3. Orthogonal and one-way experiments were all performed to investigate the optimal culture conditions for degradation of BP-3 by Methylophilus sp. FP-6. The degradation rate of BP-3 reached about 65% after 8 days of incubation with strain FP-6 under optimal culture conditions. The half-life (t1/2) of BP-3 biodegradation by strain FP-6 was estimated as 2.95 days according to the BP-3 degradation curve. The metabolite intermediates generated during the BP-3 degradation process were analyzed by LC–MS/MS and three metabolite products were identified. According to the analysis of metabolic intermediates, three pathways for degradation of BP-3 by strain FP-6 were proposed. The results from this study gave first insights into the potential of BP-3 biodegradation by a single bacterial strain.

Investigation of textural properties and photocatalytic activity of PbO/TiO2 and Sb2O3/TiO2 towards the photocatalytic degradation Benzophenone-3 UV filter

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a widely used organic UV filter in sunscreen which has been detected in surface and groundwater. BP-3 can affect the aquatic environment and human health. In this study, PbO/TiO2 and Sb2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst were synthesized for the photocatalytic degradation of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and various degradation parameters such as initial pH value, initial concentration, and the dose of catalysts were optimized. Two different TiO2 based catalysts PbO/TiO2 and Sb2O3/TiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), BET and UV–Vis DRS techniques. Molar ratio variation of PbO and Sb2O3 with respect to TiO2 significantly affected the surface area, structure, and bandgap of photocatalyst and hence the variation in degradation efficiency of the photocatalyst was observed. The BP-3 can be completely degraded by using PbO/TiO2 within 120 min under UV-C irradiation. The highest degradation of BP-3 was obtained for the 20 µM concentration at pH 7 when the dose was adjusted to be 0.75 g/L. However, negligible degradation of BP-3 was demonstrated in the absence of a catalyst. Moreover, with the catalysts PbO/TiO2 and Sb2O3/TiO2, BP-3 followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 3.58 × 10−2 min−1 and 0.92 × 10−2 min−1 respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum with three distinct peaks with an intensity of 1:1:1 showed the presence of TEMP-1O2 adduct which suggested the generation of 1O2 (singlet oxygen) in both catalysts. The plausible mechanism of BP-3 degradation was proposed by the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which showed the formation of pentamethyl- and 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-phenyl-4-chromenone byproducts on BP-3 photocatalytic degradation by the synthesized catalyst.

Electrochemical degradation of sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 and its metabolite by Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode: Kinetics, mechanism, toxicity and energy consumption

Electrochemical degradation of sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its metabolite 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP) was investigated by using a Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode. Results showed that the degradation of BP-3 and 4-OH-BP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constants were 0.083 and 0.113 min−1 at a current density of 25 mA cm−2, respectively. The electrochemical degradation of BP-3 and 4-OH-BP was efficient over a wide range of pH values, and the degradation was obviously accelerated in the presence of Cl−. Degradation intermediates were identified during the electrochemical process, and the degradation pathways, mainly including hydroxylation, carbonyl group broken from aromatic ring, benzene ring opening and carboxylation, were proposed. Quantitative structure-activity relationship model indicated that the potential risks of BP-3 and 4-OH-BP to fish, daphnia and green algae were decreased with the increase of reaction time. The energy consumption for the degradation of 90% BP-3 and 4-OH-BP was 3.3–62.1 and 3.6–79.5 Wh L−1, respectively. The results illustrate that the electrochemical technique with Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode is expected to be an effective way for removing BP-3 and its metabolite 4-OH-BP from wastewater.

Degradation of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 in aqueous solution using persulfate activated by heat, metal ions and light

The goals of this study were to bring forward new data and insights into the effect of activation methods, operational variables and reaction pathways during sulfate radicals-based oxidation of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aqueous solution. Heat, transition metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+), UV and visible light irradiation were used to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade BP-3. The results showed that these three activation methods can remarkably enhance BP-3 removal efficiency. Under the conditions of [BP-3]0: [PS]0 = 1: 500, pH = 7.0, and 40 °C, complete removal of BP-3 (1.31 μM) was observed in 3 h. In the pH range of 3.0–9.0, the degradation of BP-3 decreased with increasing pH. Increasing the PS dosage accelerated the reaction, while the presence of humic acid (HA) significantly inhibited the efficiency of BP-3 removal. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching studies, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals contributed to the oxidation process. According to the evolution of BP-3 and its 7 by-products, as well as frontier electron densities (FED) calculation, two routes were proposed involving hydroxylation, demethylation and direct oxidation. On the whole, this work is a unique contribution to the systematic elucidation of BP-3 removal by PS.

Degradation of UV-filter benzophenone-3 in aqueous solution using persulfate catalyzed by cobalt ferrite

The occurrence of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aquatic environments constitutes a potential risk to the environment and human health due to its phytotoxicity, carcinogenicity and endocrine disrupting effects. In this work, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) prepared by chemical co-precipitation method was used as a catalyst for the degradation of BP-3. The catalyst was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET and FT-IR spectroscopy, and its catalytic activity on BP-3 removal by persulfate (PS) was then evaluated at different operating parameters (catalyst loading, reaction temperature, solution pH and PS dose). The removal of BP-3 (1.31μM) in 6h reached 91% under the condition of [BP-3]0: [PS]0=1: 1000, initial pH = 7.0, T=25°C and catalyst load=500mgL−1. In addition to the satisfactory catalytic performance, the CoFe2O4 also showed high stability and excellent recyclability. Electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching tests showed that sulfate radicals predominated in the decomposition of BP-3 by PS/CoFe2O4, while hydroxyl radicals also contributed to the catalytic oxidation process. Fifteen degradation products were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two reaction pathways involving hydroxylation, demethylation, direct oxidation and benzene ring opening were proposed. This study could provide useful information for the potential application of CoFe2O4 activated PS technology to treat water and wastewaters containing BP-3.

Photochemical Elimination of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) by ZnO Nanoparticles, Synthesized by Gel Combustion.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by gel combustion synthesis using cassava pearl starch have been characterized by various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The particle size averaged around 45 nm, revealed zincite structure, hexagonal, agglomerated morphology and possessed an excellent photocatalytic activity in sunlight. Contrary to the existing literature survey, this photocatalyst possessed a band gap of 2.7 eV, causing an extended absorption towards broader range of the solar spectrum, thus making it an excellent visible light-activated photocatalyst. Photocatalytic activity was investigated on one of the highly resistant, most-focused endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) benzophenone-3 (BP-3), which is used in personnel care products. The observations reveal a near complete photooxidative degradation of BP-3. A reaction mechanism for the photooxidative pathway was proposed based on the isolated intermediates.

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions with a novel hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalyst for the degradation of benzophenone-3 in aqueous media

This study focuses on the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction performed over a novel hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalyst for the degradation of a model compound benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aqueous media. The hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalysts with different Cu/Mn molar ratios were synthesized using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, and their composition and morphology were characterized using XRD and SEM analyses. Key parameters including the Cu/Mn ratio in the synthesis, pH and titration of H2O2 were shown to significantly influence the degradation of BP-3. A hybrid catalyst with a chemical composition of Cu1.4Mn1.6O4, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3 exhibiting a morphology of nanofibers and nanoparticles demonstrated the highest catalytic activity in the degradation of BP-3. After 240 min of degradation, 81.5% of BP-3 was removed, which could be mostly related to the presence of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH). Unlike the conventional Fenton reaction that performs well under highly acidic conditions, BP-3 can be degraded in a wider pH range (2.6–7.1) in the Fenton-like reaction presented herein. Considering the mild conditions used for this Fenton-like system, this novel hybrid catalyst remains promising for wastewater treatment.

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of the endocrine-disrupting chemical Benzophenone-3: Parameters optimization and by-products identification

Benzophenone-3 (BP3) is one of the most used UV filters. Its disruptive effect on the endocrine system of different living beings has been demonstrated by several research groups. Present work addresses on a photocatalytic degradation of BP3 using particles of titanium dioxide in aqueous solutions considering the effect of operating parameters such as pH, catalyst and pollutant initial concentrations, and the presence of hydrogen peroxide, acetonitrile and isopropanol in the solution. In this way, a face centered, central composite design was carried out for the identification of significant factors or interactions that allow the determination of the conditions under which the pollutant suffers the highest rates of degradation. A solution initial pH of 9.0, a TiO2 concentration of 1.184 g L−1 and an H2O2 concentration of 128.069 mg L−1 were established as the optimal conditions for the substrate removal. In aqueous solutions and low concentrations of the pollutant (<2 mg L−1) photocatalytic degradation followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. After 300 min of treatment, ∼67% of the dissolved organic carbon was removed, which together with a reduction in toxicity and an increase in biodegradability confirmed that photocatalysis with TiO2 is a potential method to remove BP3 from water. Additionally, tests using acetonitrile as solvent and isopropanol as hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenger suggested that, OH. was the main agent responsible of substrate degradation. Finally, ten process by-products were identified and a degradation route was proposed.

Degradation of benzophenone-3 by the ozonation in aqueous solution: kinetics, intermediates and toxicity.

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a popular ultraviolet absorbing chemical and has an adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. We determined the reaction kinetic constants of BP-3 and its de-proton pattern reacting with the molecular ozone or hydroxyl radical (·OH) for the first time. The obtained constant of the molecular ozone reacting with BP-3 or BP-3(-) was 1.03(±0.21) × 10(2) or 1.85(±0.098) × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), respectively. And, the constant for BP-3 reacting with ·OH was 9.74(±0.21) × 10(9) or 10.13(±0.25) × 10(9) M(-1)s(-1) as using 4-chlorobenzoic acid and benzotriazole as reference compounds, respectively. The intermediates generated in the molecular ozone (12 kinds) or ·OH oxidation (18 kinds) were identified by LC-MS/MS. The removal efficiency of BP-3 in ozonation was dependent on the initial concentration of ozone, BP-3, and matrix water quality. The detoxification of BP-3 ozonation was depended on initial ozone dose using Chlorella vulgaris as the probe. Higher ozone dose increased the toxicity of the solution for more BP-3 being degraded and more intermediates formed, suggesting that the sole ozonation is not an effect approach for the degradation of BP-3 and some other energy should be combined.

Investigation on the degradation of benzophenone-3 by UV/H2O2 in aqueous solution

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), an organic ultraviolet (UV) filter, is reported to exhibit endocrine disruptive effects. In this study, the degradation of BP-3 by UV/H2O2 in aqueous solution was investigated by steady-state photolysis and laser flash photolysis experiments. The photolysis of BP-3 was not observed obviously after 8h under UV irradiation (λ=254nm), but the degradation of BP-3 could be conducted via UV/H2O2 due to the oxidation by hydroxyl radical (HO). At higher initial concentrations of BP-3, the degradation percentages decreased, and the optimal pH for the degradation of BP-3 was 6.0. The reaction of BP-3 and HO adhered to the pseudo-first-order kinetics. When the BP-3 concentration was 0.01mM, the rate constants of the apparent first-order reaction and second-order reaction between BP-3 and HO were 1.26×10−3s−1 and 2.97×1010M−1s−1, respectively. Several intermediate products were obtained and the primary reaction pathway of BP-3 and HO was proposed.

Oxidation of benzophenone-3 during water treatment with ferrate(VI)

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a sunscreen agent widely used in many cosmetic products, has been found to have a wide presence in aquatic environments, which could affect the water quality and human health. We investigated oxidation of BP-3 by aqueous ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) to determine reaction kinetics, identify the reaction products, and evaluate the removal efficiency of BP-3 during water treatment with Fe(VI). The obtained apparent second-order rate constant (kapp) for Fe(VI) oxidation of BP-3was 81.8 M−1 s−1 at pH 8.0 and 24 ± 1 °C with the half-life (t1/2) of 167.8 s for BP-3 at an Fe(VI) concentration of 10 mg L−1. The kapp of the reaction decreased with increasing pH values. Species-specific rate constants (k) for the reaction of HFeO4− with each of BP-3's acid-base species were used to model these pH-dependent variations of kapp. The value of k determined for neutral BP-3 was 3.4(±0.5) × 102 M−1 s−1, while that measured for dissociated BP-3 was 8.5(±0.7) × 103 M−1 s−1. The reaction between HFeO4− and the dissociated BP-3 controls the overall reaction. 4-Methoxybenzophenone and 4-methoxybenzoyl cation were formed during Fe(VI) degradation of BP-3. The removal efficiency of BP-3 by Fe(VI) treatment was dependent on coexisting constituents present in source water. Humic acids, Mn2+ and NaCl significantly decreased the removal efficiency of BP-3, while Br− and Cu2+ enhanced the removal. Besides, NH4+, NO3−, Fe3+ and Fe2+ had no effects on BP-3 removal within the tested concentrations. The results showed that Fe(VI) treatment technology appears to be a promising tool for the removal of hydroxylated benzophenone derivatives in water.