Chinese Abstract: 本文研究了罪刑相应理论及其在中国刑法中定罪、惩罚方面的应用。我们从比较法角度 对于定罪的司法实践进行了研究,考量了几个核心犯罪以及中、美、英三国对于这些犯罪如 何定罪、惩罚。我们研究发现,在中国根深蒂固的集体主义责任观正在被更加个人主义的正 义观所取代。尽管如此,集体主义和报应主义仍继续影响着中国的定罪和惩罚,尤其是在个 人的不法行为导致了严重结果的情形下。我们研究了几个备受瞩目的案件并指出了它们在基 本理论层面的不同,因而我们的研究是理论探讨而非实证分析。我们主要对三类犯罪进行了 分析:贿赂犯罪,非蓄谋杀人罪,以及与犯罪结果联系轻微之人的犯罪。我们探讨了在出现 死亡结果时中国对贪腐犯罪和法人犯罪的处理方式,以及其是否与西方的公平正义观念相吻 合。随后,我们探讨了相当性原则在中西方刑罚中的应用。我们的结论是,西方理论下的损 害原则和相当性原则并非全世界通用,即使在美国和英国也没有一以贯之。English Abstract: This paper evaluates fair labeling in the areas of criminalization and punishment in China. We consider the justice of criminal labeling from a comparative perspective by examining several core offenses and comparing how these offenses would be labeled and punished in China, the United States, and Britain. Our analysis shows that collectivist conceptualizations of responsibility, which are deeply rooted in Chinese thinking, are yielding to more individualistic conceptions of justice. Notwithstanding this phenomenon, themes of collectivism and deterrence continue to influence criminalization and punishment decisions in China, especiallywhere individual acts of wrongdoing aggregate to form serious harm. Our analysis is doctrinal in that instead of conducting a large empirical study, we examine several high-profile cases and outline the general theoretical distinctions between them. Our analysis focuses on three core areas of wrongdoing: bribery offenses, manslaughter, and the criminalization of those who are remotely connected to a primary harm. We examine the way China handles corruption and corporate criminality when they result in human fatalities and ask whether their approach is reconcilable with Western notions of justice and fairness. Thereafter, we analyze and compare the use of the proportionality principle in punishment by the Chinese and Westerners. We conclude that Western definitions of harm and proportionate punishment are not universal, nor even consistently adhered to in Britain and the U.S. Chinese translation.