Definition Of Peace Research Articles

Acciones colectivas para la construcción de paz con perspectiva interseccional. El caso de la Asociación de Mujeres Afrodescendientes de Yolombó (ASOMUAFROYO)

Afro-descendant communities, especially ethnically differentiated women, have been victims of the historical neglect of the Colombian State. They have suffered the systematic violation of their fundamental rights due to social inequality, discrimination and the violence caused by the Colombian armed conflict. The objective of this article is to analyze, through a qualitative methodology, the organizational experience and collective actions for peace taken by the Association of Afro-descendant Women from Yolombó (ASOMUAFROYO), North Cauca. An intersectional perspective based on the categories of race/ethnicity, gender, and class as key points that structure peacebuilding initiatives is adopted. As a result, it was found that the definition of peace is linked to territory and ancestry, and that collective actions focus on meeting the needs of the community and make up for the historical shortcomings of the Colombian state in their territory.

Realisasi Perjanjian Perdamaian DOHA Dialogue antara Afaghanistan-Amerika Serikat dan Taliban Periode Kepemimpinan Ashraf Ghani

The long conflict that occurred in Afghanistan resulted in many casualties and setbacks in the field of peace. The events that took place on the land were the aftermath of foreign occupations under the pretext of promoting the progress and prosperity of the Afghan state. The difference in peaceful views between the United States and the Afghan government is different from the Taliban, so the three parties do not stop carrying out attacks. The United States and the Government of Afghanistan consider that the definition of peace is a situation in which extremist groups including the Taliban no longer exist in Afghanistan, while the Taliban considers that peace can be achieved if Afghanistan can stand alone without any intervention from foreign countries. As a result, the peace process is often hampered due to the strong differences between the parties. The author will use the concepts of conflict resolution and cooperation to analyze the peace process in Afghanistan. Descriptive qualitative research method is used to explore more deeply how the realization of the doha agreement is implemented. It is the urgency of humanity that makes the author interested in discussing research on the Doha agreement. Keywords : conflict, doha agreement, united states of america, government of afghanistan, taliban.

A Study on Peacebuilding through Music

이 연구는 분쟁과 갈등을 겪은 지역의 평화구축에 있어 음악이 어떻게 적용될 수 있고 어떤 역할을 할 수 있는지에 대한 가능성을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 평화와 평화구축에 대한 개념과 정의를 검토하고, 평화의 문화 조성에 기여하는 예술에 대해 알아보며, 비폭력적인 기제로서의 음악의 가치와 역할 및 음악을 통한 평화구축에 있어 중요한 개념을 탐색하였다. 또한, 이스라엘과 아랍의 청년들로 구성된 서동시집 오케스트라(West-Eastern Divan Orchestra), 보스니아 헤르체고비나의 폰타니마 종교 간 합창단(Pontanima Inter-Religion Choir)과 2018년 한반도의 남북 예술단 교류 공연의 사례를 고찰하여 이들의 음악 활동의 의의를 평화구축 관점에서 논하였다. 연구결과, 음악은 평화구축 과정에 있어 관계 형성의 공간을 창출하고, 대화, 치유, 화해, 연대를 위한 역할을 할 수 있으며, 평화로운 공존의 모습을 은유적으로 형상화할 수 있다는 사실이 일부 도출되었다. 이 연구를 통하여 음악을 통한 평화구축에 대한 다양한 시각이 양산되어 음악학, 음악치료학, 예술학, 평화학, 사회학, 교육학 등 다양한 학문 분야에서의 융·복합적 접근과 연구가 촉발되기를 기대한다.This study proposes the possibility of how music can be applied and what role it can play in peacebuilding in regions that have experienced strife and conflict. To this end, the concept and definition of peace and peacebuilding were reviewed and arts that could contribute to the creation of a culture of peace were studied and the value and role of music as a nonviolent mechanism and important concepts in peacebuilding through music were explored. In addition, cases of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra consists of Israeli and Arab youth, the Pontanima Inter-Religion Choir of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Inter-Korean Art Group Exchange Performances on the Korean Peninsula in 2018 were reviewed to discuss the significance of their musical activities from the perspective of peacebuilding. As a result of the study, it was partially derived that music could create a space for relationship formation and play a role for dialogue, healing, reconciliation, and solidarity and metaphorically embody peaceful coexistence in the peacebuilding process. It is hoped that various perspectives on peacebuilding through music will be produced through this study and convergence and complex approaches and research in various academic fields such as musicology, music therapy, art,peace studies, sociology, and education will be inspired by it.

Inculcating Peace through Literature: Towards an Evolved Pedagogy

The constitution of UNESCO expressly states that ‘since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed.’ As educators, we are only too cognizant of the role that holistic education plays in the formation of a mindset of peace; peace being not just the absence of war but the presence and active functioning of a culture of tolerance and inclusivity.
 In a world fraught with tensions and conflict, the study of literature through a more involved and evolved pedagogy can work as an invaluable method of comprehending, inculcating, and applying the concept of peace at both school and higher education levels. In this context, the definition of peace must be construed not just as the absence of war (political peace) but on a larger and deeper scale, as social and individual peace.(Harris, 2002) For this purpose, the literature teacher will be required to reorient her pedagogy, progressing from a mere paraphrased critical investigation of a literary work towards a more thought-provoking inquiry into the ways in which a particular literary text can build/enhance the soft skills of students. (Polat et al, 2016)
 This paper attempts to envisage a blueprint for teaching strategies aimed at inculcating and fostering peace using literature as a means, among students as a collective body, and in the individual student as a human being as well as citizen of a globalised world.

“Decreasing Violence and Increasing Distributive Justice”

Ernst-Otto Czempiel (1927-2017) was a leading German pioneer in International Relations and in Peace Research. He revived the theory of democratic peace long before it was rediscovered in the United States. I introduce three of his major works on the theory of peace and on peace strategies. Czempiel’s concerns are prudent policies for an enduring peace in international society in general and the chances of a peaceful Euro-Atlantic order after the end of the East-West conflict in particular. His complex program for dealing with six causes of violence is considered one of the major international designs, although his interpretations of important contemporary developments have remained controversial to some extent. In addition, new dangers to “decreasing violence and increasing distributive justice” (Czempiel’s definition of peace) have arisen which had not been obvious in his days of scholarship.

Menjaga Keamanan Negara Menurut Perspektif Maqāsid Syariah Serta Hubungannya Dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari [Sustainable Development Goals]: Kajian Di Malaysia (National Peace Preservation According to the Maqāsid Syariah Perspective and its Relations to the Sustainable Development Goals [Sustainable Development Studies]: A Study In Malaysia)

Peace is an invaluable asset to ensure the prosperity and harmony of a nation. With the existence of peace, the people in a nation can carry out their respective responsibilities and roles perfectly, which consequently further enhance the nation prosperity. There are numbers of Western orientalists suggested that Islam is a religion that advocates violence. While in actuality, Islam uphold the preservation of peace and security at the utmost importance. This calls for a comprehensive argument to properly present the adherence of Islam towards maintaining harmony and prosperity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to highlight the existence of peace preservation in the Islamic concept of Maqāsid Syariah and draw the similarity on the definition of peace in Maqāsid Syariah with UN Guidelines for Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals). The research adopted library research methodology to accentuate the concept of peace preservation in the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah by using textual and contextual analysis on available literature pertaining the subject matter. The results show that the peace preservation of the nation is an integral piece in the concept of Maqāsid Syariah. National peace preservation is the key to maintain the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah which are religion, intellect, self, heritage and wealth. In addition, Maqāsid Syariah delineates peace keeping at the highest priority in maslaḥah requirement. Furthermore, Maqāsid Syariah demonstrates a compelling correlation in its definition of peace with the characteristic sustainable development goals (SDCs) outlined by the United Nations (UN). The importance of this study is to give a general guidance on preservation and maintenance of national peace according to the shariah objectives, which have a strong relationship among them.

The Antarctic Treaty System and the peaceful governance of Antarctica: the role of the ATS in promoting peace at the margins of the world

ABSTRACT Antarctica is celebrated by the international community as a continent exclusively for peace and science. Since its inception in 1959 the Antarctic governance regime, the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), has provided stable and enduring governance of the region and has played a critical role in the development of peaceful norms between states in Antarctic affairs. Specifically, the Antarctic Treaty prohibits measures of a military nature, bans the testing of any type of weapon in the Antarctic, allows for open-access and inspection of all facilities, and essentially freezes the contentious issue of territorial claims and sovereignty. These measures are widely believed to have contributed to the continent remaining free from violent armed conflict between states in, or because of, Antarctica. Despite the emphasis placed on the concepts of ‘peace’ and ‘peaceful purposes’ in Antarctic affairs, there has been little attention afforded to defining these terms, and thus the idea of peace is conceptualised exclusively in its negative form; the absence of conflict. This paper argues that an expanded definition of peace to include positive peace is useful when evaluating the successes and limitations of the ATS in promoting peace in the Antarctic. While the possibility of conflict in the Antarctic in the near future remains remote, this paper goes on to identify several potential threats to peace which could undermine the stability of the ATS, which could prompt future scholarship on how the ATS could be developed to promote robust, positive and lasting peace in the Antarctic.

Peace in Other Terms: Mutual Care Practices Between Soldiers and Frailejones at the Páramo de Sumapaz

This article argues that the definition of peace from the international agendas on transitional justice and peacebuilding falls short because it ignores non-humans. Consequently, in the discussions on the environment for peace, non-humans are simply called “environment”, regardless of non-humans’ relationships that also make peace. Based on an ethnographic case, I explore the relationship between the military from the High Mountain Battalion N.° 1 and the frailejones (espeletia) in the Sumapaz páramo in Colombia to demonstrate how their practices of mutual care become other ways of making and understanding peace.

Coeducar para la paz: perspectiva de género para la justicia social

Coeducational practices in formal education represent a significant progress in terms of gender equality. At the same time, they highlight tensions and contradictions both on the institutional and non-formal levels that have an impact on the very definition of coeducation and on the pedagogical possibilities of diversity. The objective of this article is to perform a reconceptualization of educational competences for coeducation and education for peace as the backbone of an inclusive, democratic and emancipatory school. It is a basic investigation of reflective and discursive character, located in the Philosophical and Axiological area, referring to the education in critical citizenship and democratic participation from the intersection of both perspectives. Coeducation and education for peace are contextualized taking into account the consequences of the theoretical conflict between modernity and postmodernity on the current socialization of a critical citizenship. A definition of peace that integrates rationality and spirituality is assumed, incorporating an energetic understanding of life into the image of peace, and attention is given to the debate raised about the incorporation of the gender perspective as a dynamic element of Education for World Citizenship. The main conclusion states the need to reformulate the difference between public space and private space as well as the incorporation of the dialectic between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care as fundamental aspects to be implemented in the development of coeducational practices.

Онтологія війни й миру в мовно-інформаційному просторі сьогодення

The article analyzes the philosophical and evaluation paradigm of linguistic means for denoting the concepts of war and peace in the context of present-day Ukraine. The realization of the functional and stylistic potential of language in expressing the socio-political and philosophical opposition of hostile parties in the context of the division of values into their own and othersʼ has been traced in the linguistic and information space. Analyzed vocabulary, precedent units, metaphors, epithets, which are indicative of modern texts of the Means of mass communication and which express the linguistics of the national public consciousness. War in the minds of society is always associated with aggression: destruction, distress, death, and peace with peace, peace, life. Such perception of these phenomena is entrenched in the antonymic ratio of two eternal words of the Ukrainian dictionary war – peace. The basic element of their opposition is the original semantics of the word war, which contains a contradictory feature, which is denied in the definition of peace. The ontology of war and peace in the linguistic and informational texts of today corresponds to the psychological attitudes of society and is a reflection of the current socio-political situation in the country. Around the war and peace as the nuclear concepts of the Means of mass communicationand, a synchronous linguistic-evaluative paradigm is formed, which is an expression of the linguistic-national consciousness, an indicator of the philosophical comprehension of a specific time period of the history of Ukraine in general, and of the functional capabilities of the language in particular.

Positive Peace—A Necessary Touchstone for Public Administration

This article explores the concept of positive peace as a valuable “touchstone” for public administration, but one which is not part of the discipline’s lexicon because a negative definition of peace (the absence of violent conflict) is dominant. Here, peace is acknowledged as an essentially contested concept, and the authors argue that such a richer conceptualization of positive peace—one that is rooted in a reciprocal relationship ethic—is more useful for public administration in four dimensions: (1) as a broad goal; (2) as a reminder to look at root causes; (3) as a nudge toward a value pluralist perspective; and (4) as a goal with cross-cultural capacity in an increasingly complex and diverse global context. The potential of this concept is opened by exploring “what is positive peace?” with attention to how a positive conception adds nuance to a seemingly familiar concept and surfaces the contested nature of the term. The authors also explore how the key qualities outlined above can help Public Administration productively hold together acknowledged tensions within the discipline at a conceptual level and how the skills of peacebuilding could help prepare practitioners.

Peace economics and peaceful economic policies

This article outlines pillars of peace economics and peaceful economics policies. It first highlights Kenneth Boulding’s contribution to peace economics. In particular, substantial attention is paid to his conception of three systems that govern social life, namely the exchange system, the threat system, and the integrative system. Examples are produced to describe the differences between and among them. Second, in light of Boulding’s views, a workable definition of peace is proposed and associated suggestions for peaceful economic policy are made. Three aspects are underlined: The establishment of consensual democracies, the setting of a novel economic policy target—namely the ratio of public education expenditure to military expenditure—and the pursuit of stricter regulations on the international arms trade.

What you wish for is not what you expect: Measuring hope for peace during intractable conflicts

Protracted intergroup conflicts, like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, are often referred to as intractable. Intractable conflicts are termed as such, partly because group members mired in these disputes believe that the conflict is inherently irreconcilable. To better understand the nature of the perceived irreconcilability of intractable conflicts, Jewish-Israelis’ hope for peace was surveyed capturing three interdependent but discrete components of hope: wish for peace, expectations that peace will materialize, and affective hopefulness. To operationalize peace, three definitions of peace, gradually refining from non-concrete to concrete, were offered to respondents (N=120). Results reveal that expectations for peace among Jewish-Israelis are low but stable across the three definitions of peace while wishes for peace are higher, more dynamic and, for those with right-wing political orientation, highly dependent on the definition of peace provided. The more concrete the definition, the less rightists wish for peace. Further analysis shows that rightwing leaning respondents exhibit lower wishes for peace, even when the respondent is free to determine what peace might entail. By utilizing novel methods to detect nuances in the dynamics of hope and hopelessness, this study demonstrates that expectation for peace and wishes for peace function in distinct ways during protracted intergroup conflicts.

Short term interests, long term perspectives: Balancing South Africa's peace and security approach in the EU–SA Strategic Partnership

ABSTRACTSouth Africa’s peace and security outlook in the EU–South Africa Strategic Partnership has been guided by the content and substance of the founding document, which incorporates an interdependent approach to development. For South Africa, engagement in the EU–South Africa Strategic Partnership is framed by its historical background, its identity and the content of its foreign policy. South Africa's foreign policy in particular adopts an integrated approach to securing the state within its surrounding regional and continental geography. This article reviews South Africa's approach to peace and security, in the context of the strategic partnership. The article argues that, overall, South Africa's definition of peace and security is compatible with that of the EU; however, Pretoria's vision of how it provides peace and security has naturally changed in line with the varying international circumstances in which it has found itself. While this has proved difficult at times to reconcile, peace and security collaboration in the strategic partnership has managed to remain intact.

Measuring peace using household-level data from post-conflict Solomon Islands

The definition of peace and its quantification has challenged many researchers. The extant literature defines and measures peace in contradistinction to violence, thereby making the measure an indirect one. There is scope for the alternative of a direct measure of peace in the form of a Peace Perception Index (PPI) as revealed here. We use household-level survey data from Guadalcanal Province in the Solomon Islands to compute the PPI. Our analysis shows that the once conflict-affected communities on Guadalcanal have attained a PPI of 88 per cent of the level of peace prior to the conflict. That is, the perception of the level of peace in the sampled community has improved to 88 per cent since the installation of a peacekeeping mission a decade back. We argue that recognising the people’s perceptions, rather than the use of the absolute minimalist or maximalist notion of peace provides nuances on the levels of peace reached in a post-conflict situation.

Concept Inventing

Among most individuals and nations, peace is upheld as a supreme value (Rummel, 1981). Throughout the ages peace has been conceptualized in many ways-from an essentialist perspective to a secular perspective based on utility, prosperity, and justice, where individuals aim to improve conditions by creating a network that aspires to living together harmoniously with concern for one another. Though there is no standard definition of peace, the concept has been accepted as a determinant of health in view of prevalent disparities and in light of optimizing justice that both influence the health of individuals and societies. Hence, shedding light on the phenomenon of feeling peaceful through concept inventing would enhance understanding of peace as a value.

Philosophy of Peace as a Developmental Alternative of Society

The knowledge of history, the knowledge for the lives of people of the world and especially the knowledge of our people, the knowledge of the viewpoints of philosophers, politicians and theoreticians about peace, as a spiritual and universal value, even today remains the orientation compass towards it. On the one hand, the aspiration of these people and nations creates the existential condition for a long lasting and a permanent peace. From the other hand, the existence of wars, regional and global conflicts in different times brings in the tables of philosophers, diplomats and statesmen the need of engagement in theoretical, political, juridical and practical level. The idea that “Peace is a concept that refers to the lack of a conflict, but at the same time represents a wider concept that refers to security in social relations or economic welfare, the equality and justice in political relations of a state, in lack of war or in lack of a conflict”, witnesses the complex nature of peace. Another definition of peace even refers to keeping balances in human relations, tolerance and solving problems through dialog and deals. But above all this rationalizing and paradigms, peace is a dominating element in democracy because it is related to honor and guarantee of freedom and basic human rights. The concept of peace, couldn’t escape from different interpretations, varying on the historic-cultural level of society. That’s why the topic “Philosophy of peace – developmental alternative of society” aims to bring into light the role and the importance of peace in the development of human society.

Definition of Peace and its Different Types as Approached by Halqeh Mysticism

Although the word “PEACE” has a clear meaning for most people, ‘peaceful act’ and ‘peaceful individual’ can have different interpretations. In conflict to the common assumption, the state of the peaceful person is not one we can achieve only through good deeds. This state is obtained through perceptions that result in making peace with God, with the universe, with one's self, and with the others. The peaceful individual has no conflict with any of them. Consequently, the individual's thoughts, actions and words are also formed on the basis of this internal and multilateral peace. When a person is striving toward conflicts, their being does not work in integrity; hence, the brain orders the secretion of poisonous chemical hormones. In other words, the conflict factor is one of the poisonous factors that harms human's health and takes away their inner peace. It is one of the factors causing mentosomatic diseases.

Evaluation of a program to prevent political violence in the Basque conflict: effects on the capacity of empathy, anger management and the definition of peace

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of a program for the prevention of political violence on empathy, expression of feelings of anger, and the capacity to define peace-violence. MethodThis study used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest repeated measures and a control group. The sample comprised 276 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years (191 in the experimental group, 85 in the control group; 127 boys and 149 girls). A battery of three assessment instruments was administered before and after the intervention. The aim of the program was to increase sensitivity to the victims of political violence, promote respect for human rights, and prevent violence. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions over 3 months. ResultsMANOVA analyses revealed that the program increased participants’ capacity of empathy (perspective-taking), anger control in annoying situations, and capacity to define peace-violence. ConclusionsThis study has practical educational implications and provides an intervention tool that enhances the development of personality during adolescence and may have a preventive effect on violent behavior.

Imagining Peace in Twentieth-Century Europe

Any definition of peace is also a definition of war. The two cannot be described other than in each other's image. In the twentieth century there have been four roughly separate periods of warfare. Their character and consequences tell us much about how peace was defined.