Categories Of Deficits Research Articles

Algorithm-defined memory impairment in older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.

Assessment of cognition in American Indians poses challenges, including barriers to healthcare, unvalidated clinical standards, and confounding social determinants of health. Alternative strategies for case identification include algorithmic methods, which can outperform clinical judgment in some circumstances. Algorithmic methods can be maximized using single-domain tests with multiple-serial trial tasks, such as the California Verbal Learning Test II-Short Form (CVLT-SF). We collected CVLT-SF and detailed clinical data, including dementia gold standard by consensus adjudication, in 818 American Indians aged 65-95 in 2010-2013 and repeated in 403 returning participants in 2017-2019 (mean follow-up 6.7 years, range: 4-9). Our algorithm categorized CVLT-SF scores into four memory deficit categories: none, encoding, storage, and retrieval. At Visit 1, 75.4% had no memory deficit, 15.6% encoding deficit, 3.5% storage deficit, and 5.5% retrieval deficit. At Visit 2, comparable percentages were 68.7%, 10.6%, 6.5%, and 14.2% (respectively). The majority with any deficit at Visit 1-especially encoding-were lost to follow-up by Visit 2. Most with deficits at Visit 2 were newly categorized from those previously intact. The performance of our memory algorithm, compared with adjudication for dementia, was moderately good: correct classification 69%, sensitivity 51%, and specificity 91%. These descriptive findings encompass a novel contribution in defining memory impairment among American Indians from a single cognitive test. However, more work is needed to improve the sensitivity of this algorithm and maximize its utility for case identification over conventional methods. Altogether, these data provide an important step toward better cognitive characterization and dementia care for an understudied, underserved population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Energy, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate Intakes in Children with Wasting Syndrome at SDN 2 Tlanak Kedungpring, Lamongan District

In school-age children, the body will later need energy and macronutrients for growth, physical activity and other skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes in children with wasting syndrome at SDN 2 Tlanak Kedungpring, Lamongan Regency. The research design used is descriptive observational. The sample consisted of 30 respondents. The technique used was 2 x 24-hour food recall interviews. The research time starts from October 2022-March 2023. The analysis technique used is univariate or descriptive. The results of this study showed that 20 respondents (66.6%) had energy consumption levels in the severe deficit category, 28 respondents (93.3%) had carbohydrate consumption levels in the severe deficit category, 13 respondents (43.4%) had protein consumption in the category of weight deficit and as many as 13 respondents (43.4%) had a level of fat consumption in the normal category. The conclusion of the study was that most children with wasting syndrome had normal levels of energy, carbohydrate and protein intake, deficits in weight and fat. The hope of this study is to provide an impetus for parents and the school to pay attention to children's food so that nutritional needs can be met.

Tatalaksana Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Sepsis Pasca Operasi Gangren

Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. One of the complications that can be caused by DM is gangrene, which is an infection of the feet due to a reduction in oxygen flow to the organs. This causes tissue death and if severe can cause amputation in people with DM. The management of managing DM is not only by administering medication, but also by diet therapy. This is aimed at maintaining the patient's nutritional status. It is necessary to carry out a Standardized Nutritional Care Process (NCP) to optimize nutritional services for DM patients Objective : To determine the effect of the Standardized Nutrition Care Process (NCP) on type 2 DM patients with sepsis after gangrene surgery Research Methods : The method used in this research was qualitative descriptive research with a case study approach. The subject in this case study was a 52 year old female patient who was treated at RSUD dr. Soebandi Jember with a medical diagnosis of type 2 DM with sepsis after gangrene surgery. Patients was given a standardized nutritional care process during hospitalization. The research time was 3-7 November 2022. Research analysis uses using descriptive analysis. Research Result : The results of NCP showed that the patient had underweight nutritional status. During monitoring, the evaluation showed that the patient's blood biochemical levels during the nutritional care process had not shown improvement because they were still below normal values. Furthermore, the patient's physical and clinical condition improved even though his appetite was still low. Then the results of the consumption survey with 24-hour food recall show that the patient's food intake is still <80%, still in the severe deficit category during the process of providing nutritional care. Conclusion : NCP provides to patients has not shown significant improvement due to post-surgery. There is a need to modify the food menu and motivate patients to increase the patient's appetite and food intake so that the patient's nutritional status can be improved.

The Effect Of Nutritional Literacy On The Adequacy Of Energy And Protein In Culinary Education Study Program Students At Semarang State University

Abstract
 The research objectives were 1) to determine the level of nutritional literacy in college students 2) to determine energy adequacy in college students 3) to determine protein adequacy in college students 4) to determine the effect of nutritional literacy on energy adequacy 5) to determine the effect of nutritional literacy on protein adequacy. This research was a survey research and a cross-sectional research design with research subjects being students of the Culinary Education Study Program, Semarang State University. Sampling used a saturated sampling technique in which all members of the population in this study were used as samples. The sample in this study was 81 students of the Culinary Education Study Program, Semarang State University, Class of 2021. Nutritional literacy is measured by The Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit). Energy and protein adequacy was measured using a food recall instrument for two days. Data analysis used percentage descriptive analysis for objectives 1-3 and simple linear regression for objectives 4-5. The results showed that the level of nutritional literacy on average was in the less category with a percentage of 63.4%. Energy adequacy shows an average value in the category of moderate level deficit with a percentage of 73%. Protein adequacy shows an average value in the mild deficit category with a percentage of 87.6%. The results of simple linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant effect between nutritional literacy and energy adequacy (p = 0.698) and there was no significant effect between nutritional literacy and protein adequacy (p = 0.812). These results indicate that students' understanding of nutritional literacy has not been able to fulfill proper nutritional adequacy.
 
 Keywords: Nutritional literacy, energy adequacy, protein adequacy

Characteristics of binocular vision and oculomotor function among sports-concussed athletes

Purpose: To compare the binocular vision and oculomotor function between sports-concussed athletes and aged-matched controls. Methods: Thirty mild concussed athletes were recruited and compared with aged-matched controls. All the participants underwent a comprehensive ocular assessment followed by an oculomotor assessment which included tests for accommodation, vergence, eye movements, and reading parameters. Results: Three categories of oculomotor-based deficits were found: convergence insufficiency (40%), accommodative insufficiency (25%), and oculomotor-based reading dysfunctions (20%). A statistically significant reduction in the mean ± SD of the following parameters was noted in concussed athletes v/s controls:- binocular accommodative amplitude: 7.13 ± 1.59 v/s 15.35 ± 2.95 (P < 0.001), convergence amplitude: 14.23 ± 5.00 v/s 5.65 ± 0.90 (P < 0.001), positive fusional vergence for distance: 21.17 ± 8.97 v/s 31.32 ± 6.23 (P < 0.001), vergence facility: 6.47 ± 1.47 v/s 11.84 ± 1.00 (P < 0.001), accommodative facility: 7.10 ± 4.57 v/s 11.67 ± 1.83 (P < 0.001), reading speed: 66.97 ± 17.82 v/s 144.13 ± 24.45 (P = 0.03) and Developmental Eye Movement ratio: 1.40 ± 0.19 v/s 1.17 ± 0.06 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Concussions caused by sports have a considerable impact on binocular vision and oculomotor parameters. These findings have substantial therapeutic implications in terms of establishing a periodic screening program for athletes so that essential therapy can be provided for a better outcome.

Gambaran Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dan Status Gizi Remaja SMA di Kota Surakarta

Food intake is a direct factor that can affect the nutritional status of adolescents. Imbalance of food intake will cause nutritional problems in adolescents. The survey results from two senior high schools showed that 16.46% of adolescents were overweight. This study aims to determine the description of macronutrient intake with nutritional status of high school adolescents in the city of Surakarta. This type of research uses observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were teenagers in class XI and XII as many as 943 students. Sampling by simple random sampling method with a sample of 88 students. Food intake data was obtained by food recall 3x24 hours, namely 2 weekdays and 1 weekend with the method of 1 day direct interview and 2 days via whatsapp, food intake data was processed using NutriSurvei 2007 software. Nutritional status data was obtained based on anthropometric measurements, namely weight weighing using digital weight scales and measurement of height with microtoice, nutritional status assessment parameters using Body Mass Index according to Age (BMI/U). The results showed that most of the intake of carbohydrates (73.9%), fat (64.8%) and protein (52.3%) of adolescents were included in the category of weight deficit. As many as 14.8% of adolescents have abnormal nutritional status. Respondents with poor intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates showed more abnormal nutritional status. Adolescents must pay attention to the adequacy of fat intake so that it is balanced with daily needs.

Development and validation of a hospital frailty risk measure using Canadian clinical administrative data.

Accessible measures specific to the Canadian context are needed to support health system planning for older adults living with frailty. We sought to develop and validate the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Hospital Frailty Risk Measure (HFRM). Using CIHI administrative data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients aged 65 years and older who were discharged from Canadian hospitals from Apr. 1, 2018, to Mar. 31, 2019. We used a 2-phase approach to develop and validate the CIHI HFRM. The first phase, construction of the measure, was based on the deficit accumulation approach (identification of age-related conditions using a 2-year look-back). The second phase involved refinement into 3 formats (continuous risk score, 8 risk groups and binary risk measure), with assessment of their predictive validity for several frailty-related adverse outcomes using data to 2019/20. We assessed convergent validity with the United Kingdom Hospital Frailty Risk Score. The cohort consisted of 788 701 patients. The CIHI HFRM included 36 deficit categories and 595 diagnosis codes that cover morbidity, function, sensory loss, cognition and mood. The median continuous risk score was 0.111 (interquartile range 0.056-0.194, equivalent to 2-7 deficits); 35.1% (n = 277 000) of the cohort were found at risk of frailty (≥ 6 deficits). The CIHI HFRM showed satisfactory predictive validity and reasonable goodness-of-fit. For the continuous risk score format (unit = 0.1), the hazard ratio (HR) for 1-year risk of death was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-1.41), with a C-statistic of 0.717 (95% CI 0.715-0.720); the odds ratio for high users of hospital beds was 1.85 (95% CI 1.82-1.88), with a C-statistic of 0.709 (95% CI 0.704-0.714), and the HR of 90-day admission to long-term care was 1.91 (95% CI 1.88-1.93), with a C-statistic of 0.810 (95% CI 0.808-0.813). Compared with the continuous risk score, using a format of 8 risk groups had similar discriminatory ability and the binary risk measure had slightly weaker performance. The CIHI HFRM is a valid tool showing good discriminatory power for several adverse outcomes. The tool can be used by decision-makers and researchers by providing information on hospital-level prevalence of frailty to support system-level capacity planning for Canada's aging population.

Gambaran Kecukupan Gizi pada Kehamilan Remaja di Kota Salatiga

Background: Nutritional adequacy is one of the factors that affect the health of pregnant women and fetuses. Objective to describe the nutritional adequacy of adolescent pregnant women in Salatiga City.Methods: this study uses a mix method. The study population was all teenage pregnant women in Salatiga City. The sample is all pregnant women aged 12-16 years through total sampling technique. The instruments used were food records 2x24 hours and the SQ-FFQ form last one month for quantitative research, pens, recording tools and qualitative research log books. Quantitative data were analyzed using NutriSurvey 2007 software, qualitative data were analyzed through coding.Result: The level of macronutrient adequacy of adolescent pregnant women in Salatiga City mostly has a deficit of weight and more, namely carbohydrates (57.14%) and fat (85.71%). Most of the micronutrient adequacy levels are deficits, namely potassium (85.71%), calcium (100%), zinc (100%), iron (85.71%), folate (85.71%), vitamin B1 (100%) and vitamin E (57.14%).Conclusion: Research on the level of macronutrients adequacy of adolescent pregnant women in Salatiga City is mostly in the category of heavy and overweight deficits, namely carbohydrates and fats above 50%. The level of micronutrients adequacy in most of the deficit categories, namely potassium, calcium, zinc, iron, folate, vitamin B1 and vitamin E is above 50%. This is influenced by the imbalance of food intake consumed during pregnancy. This also results in weight gain of pregnant women not being ideal for weight gain during pregnancy, even though they have good nutritional status.

Brainstem tumors may increase the impairment of behavioral emotional cognition in children

PurposeIt remains unclear as to whether patients with brainstem tumor experience complex neuropsychiatric problems. In this cohort study, we specifically investigated behavioral, emotional and cognitive symptoms in pediatric patients with brainstem glioma and healthy individuals.MethodsA total of 146 patients with pediatric brainstem tumors (aged 4–18 years old) and 46 age-matched healthy children were recruited to assess their behaviors and emotions examined by the Child Behavior Checklist. A variety of clinical factors were also analyzed.ResultsThere were significant differences in most behavioral and emotional symptoms between pediatric patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, patients with pons tumors exhibited significantly higher scores than patients with medulla oblongata tumors (p = 0.012), particularly in concerning the syndrome categories of Withdrawn (p = 0.043), Anxious/depressed symptoms (p = 0.046), Thought Problems (p = 0.004), Attention deficits (p = 0.008), Externalizing problems (p = 0.013), and Aggressive behavior (p = 0.004). A tumor body located in the pontine (p = 0.01, OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.4–14.059) or DIPG in the midbrain (p = 0.002, OR = 3.818, 95% CI = 1.629–8.948) appears to act as a risk factor that is associated with more problems in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsPediatric patients with brainstem tumors exhibit severe behavioral and emotional problems. Tumor invades the pontine and midbrain act a risk factor with more problems. It suggests that structural and functional abnormalities in the brainstem will cause prolonged behavioral problems and emotional-cognitive dysfunctions in young children.

Cognitive impairment negatively impacts self-efficacy in patients with chronic heart failure patients: results from the Cognition.Matters-HF study

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), but evidence on its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is sparse. We aimed to examine whether cognitive impairment is associated with HRQoL. We hypothesized that cognitive impairment would negatively impact HRQoL. Methods A total of 148 outpatients with chronic stable HF (mean LV ejection fraction 43±8%) were enrolled in the Cognition.Matters-HF prospective cohort study: mean age 64±11 years, 16% women, 77% in NYHA functional class I-II. Patients were extensively evaluated within 2 days by cardiological, neurological, and neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Severity of cognitive deficits were categorized based on the domains affected according to neurocognitive test battery results: 0 domains (“none”, n=46 [31%]), 1–2 domains (“mild”, n=77 [52%]), and >2 domains (“severe”, n=24 [16%]). HRQoL was measured with the generic Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the disease-specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Multivariable analysis of variance and regression modelling were applied to model associations between cognitive impairment and HRQoL. Results Cognitive impairment was not associated with overall scores of SF-36 and KCCQ nor any of the subscales, with the exception of the self-efficacy scale of the KCCQ. Self-efficacy represents the ability of patients to care for themselves; it quantifies a patient's unterstanding of how to prevent heart failure exacerbations and manage arising complications. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with cognitive impairment (beta=−0.242; p=0.004) and was rated 15% lower (B=−0.148) per increment in cognitive deficit category. The association of self-efficacy with cognitive impairment remained significant after adjustment for duration and severity of HF, age, and sex (p<0.001). Conclusions With the exception of self-efficacy, the severity of cognitive impairment was not associated with lower HRQoL in patients with chronic HF. The self-efficacy scale of the KCCQ is a promising tool potentially suited to detect individuals, who are unable to adhere to a proper HF treatment regimen. These patients may benefit from enhanced care, e.g. in the frame of a HF nurse led management program. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): BMBF

Relationship of Food Acceptance With Energy And Protein Consumption Levels of Santriwati

ABSTRACT
 Adolescent nutritional intake needs considered, especially those school in boarding, so that it can affect their food intake. Research objective was to determine relationship between food acceptance and level of energy and protein consumption of students. This study used a cross sectional study with quantitative approach. Population and research sample were students of VII and VIII grade Ummahatul Mukminin Islamic boarding school. Data were processed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. Results showed the students acceptance of food served was in moderate category, the average energy requirement students was 1754.58 kcal/day, while protein needs of 51.79 g/day, most of the energy and protein consumption levels of students were in normal category, All of the students energy and protein availability in normal category, students consumption level of energy and protein needs in weight deficit category, level availability of santriwati's energy and protein needs in deficit category. The conclusion of study is a significant relationship between food acceptance and level of energy and protein consumption students.
 
 Keywords : Acceptability, Level of Energy and Protein Consumption, Santriwati
 

Analisis Pola Konsumsi Pangan Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Desa Kandang Kecamatan Tabir Kabupaten Merangin)

The study's goal was to evaluate food consumption trends based on quantity and quality and the factors that impact food consumption patterns. From March 10 to April 10, 2020, the research was conducted in Kandang Village, Tabir District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The hamlet was purposefully chosen (purposive sample) because it has a somewhat vulnerable or priority food situation according to the 2019 Merangin Regency Food Security Service statistics. Lowest when compared to other villages or sub-districts in Tabir District. The data were examined using quantitative descriptive analysis and the Nutrition Adequacy Level (TKG) method, which included Energy Adequacy Levels (TKE) and Protein Adequacy Levels (TKP), to establish household food consumption patterns based on quantity. The Expected Food Pattern Analysis (PPH) purpose was to evaluate food consumption patterns based on quality factors. Meanwhile, multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to investigate the elements that impact food intake patterns. The quantity-based study of food intake findings demonstrates that the deficit category still dominates the household's Energy Adequacy Level (TKE), with an average consumption of 1000 to 1300 kcal/cap/day compared to the required nutritional adequacy rate of 2150 kcal/cap./hr. Meanwhile, the deficit group dominates the Protein Adequacy Level (TKP), accounting for 70% of the total with an average consumption of 19 to 38 g/cap/day of the necessary nutritional adequacy rate of 57 g/cap/day. After that, a PPH score of 83.2 was attained for the quality aspect, which was still below the optimum PPH score of 100. Furthermore, the factors that influence household food consumption patterns, as shown by the F test with a significant value of 0.016 and the t-test with a substantial weight of 0.001, include the number of family members.

Assistance and Empowerment of Pregnant Women to Prevent Stunting Children in Samaan Village Sub-District of Klojen Malang City

Malang City is one of the autonomous regions and is the second big city in East Java after Surabaya City. Malang City is currently listed as the city with the second smallest poverty percentage in East Java after Batu City, which is 5.9 percent of the total population. Nutritional problems in Malang City have been presented in the Basic Health Research of East Java Province in 2013. The incidence of stunting in Malang City has increased from 2007 to 2013 by 22.3 – 29.6%. In the context of preventing the occurrence of Stunting Toddlers, mentoring will be carried out with Cadres who have been trained in the first stage of Community Service for pregnant women who have a history of and or are at risk of giving birth to short - very short toddlers. Provide assistance to pregnant women in order to prevent stunting in toddlers in Samaan Village, Kec. Lowokwaru in Malang City. Community service is carried out by providing assistance by cadres to pregnant women for 6 months in Samaan Village, Rampal Celaket Community Health Center. The age of pregnant women in the Rampal Celaket Health Center area based on the results of the questionnaire was <20 years totaling 2 (28.5%) people, 21-25 years old 2 (28.5%) people, 26-30 years old totaling 1 (14.2% ) people, and >40 years old amounted to 1 (14.2%) people. all pregnant women are ordinary housewives and family income <UMR as many as 7 people (100%). Pregnant women before education showed that the 7 mothers involved had a low level of knowledge. Most of the pregnant women have consumption levels of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates which are included in the category of weight deficit (consumption rate <70%). A total of 57.1% (4 people) of pregnant women experienced Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK). There was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about MPGRS, Balanced Nutrition, Exclusive Breastfeeding for toddlers, the accuracy of giving MP ASI to toddlers, Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS).

Kecukupan Gizi Pada Individu Dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Di RSUD Kota Salatiga

ABSTRACTCoronary heart disease is a condition in which the buildup of plaque in the heart arteries triggers a heart attack. This study aims to see the nutritional adequacy of individuals with coronary heart disease in Salatiga City Hospital. The research used a survey method. Respondents in this study were 100 individuals with coronary heart disease who live in Salatiga. Data collection techniques used anthropometric measurements, food frequency and food recall. The results of anthropometric and metabolic measurements showed that out of 100 individuals with coronary heart disease, 5 people (5%) lean body mass index (BMI), 19 fat (19%), 76 normal (76%) were obtained. Nutritional intake of 100 individuals with coronary heart disease using a 24-hour food recall showed that the average energy consumption was ± 1034.36 kcal, protein ± 38.92 g, fat ± 22.98 g, carbohydrate ± 167.11 g. Fulfillment of nutritional intake based on the adequacy category is mostly included in the weight deficit category, namely still energy (94 respondents), protein (78 respondents), fat (94 respondents), carbohydrates (94 respondents) but there are respondents who are in the good category, namely energy. (3 respondents), protein (4 respondents) fat (3 respondents), carbohydrates (3 respondents). Keywords: Adequacy of Nutrition, Coronary Heart Disease, Salatiga

Parents’ Feeding Style on the Adequacy of Energy and Protein in Children with Stunted Nutritional Status

Stunting in children occurs within a certain time; its incidence is closely related to the quantity and quality of food intake, especially the adequacy of energy and protein. Parents with various models of feeding style influence the fulfilment of food intake in children. This study was conducted to analyze the correlation of feeding style with adequate energy and protein levels in stunted children aged 6-9 years. The design in this study was cross-sectional in 91 stunted children aged 6-9 years at West Ungaran, Semarang, who was selected by consecutive sampling. The data was collected using anthropometric measurements and parental feeding style, and the data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Parents feeding style was authoritative (37.2%), authoritarian (13.2%), permissive (20.9%), and neglect (28.6%). The highest energy adequacy level in children was found in parents with neglect feeding style in the deficit category (73.1%). Children’s highest protein adequacy level was found in parents with authoritative feeding styles, in the over the category (50.0%). Parental feeding style correlated with the adequacy of energy and protein levels in children and impacted the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-9 years.

Konsumsi Makronutrien pada Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is one of the nutritional problems which prevalence in Southeast Sulawesi is 21.9%, Kendari City is 14.37%, and Puuwatu Public Health Center is 11.04% (the national target for CED is 5%). The direct cause of CED is low intake of macronutrients such as energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. During the Covid-19 pandemic, everyone is advised to stay at home so that access to food is very limited and causes a lack of nutritional intake for pregnant women. The study aimed to determine the macronutrient consumption of pregnant women who suffer from CED during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research was conducted descriptively with a survey design. This research was conducted in June – September 2020 in the Puuwatu Public Health Center, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. The research sample was 35 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester who had CED and were taken using saturated samples. Data collection by interview using a form 2x24 hour recall and also anthropometric measurements using microtoice and weight scales. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular and narrative form. The results showed that the energy and carbohydrate intake of pregnant women was 100% in the category of severe deficit, 91.4% heavy deficit protein intake and 8.6% mild deficit, then fat intake 57.1% severe deficit, 20% mild deficit and 8,6% mild deficit. In conclusion, the intake macronutrient of pregnant women in CED during the Covid-19 pandemic is mostly a severe deficit.

Faktor Risiko Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Cikembar Kabupaten Sukabumi

One of the nutritional problems in Indonesia is Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women, which is the cause of the high maternal mortality rate and low birth weight. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of CED in pregnant women with cross-sectional study design. The subject in this research were 70 pregnant women with and without CED (normal) at Cikembar Health Center Sukabumi district. CED group had less nutrition and health knowledge in comparison to the normal group. The level of energy and protein sufficiency in both groups was generally in the deficit category. Most of the CED group food security was in food insecurity while the normal group was in food vulnerable conditions. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, it shows that there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and household food security with the incidence of CED in pregnant women (p <0.05), but between the level of energy and protein adequacy shows an insignificant relationship (p> 0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results indicate that the factor affecting the incidence of CED in pregnant women is household food security. Besides, the level of knowledge of nutrition and health, food consumption, and household food security in CED pregnant women is low or deficit compared to the normal pregnant women.

Konsumsi pangan dan status gizi pada penduduk asli di Kalimantan Timur: Pendekatan sosial-budaya, dan ekonomi

This study was aimed to examine food consumption and nutritional status in the household of indigenous people “Dayak” which resided at the low line of Mahakam river, and to conduct the study on social, culture, and economic factors which affected the food consumption. The result showed that average energy and protein consumption per person was 2.000,7 kcal and 71,0 gram which the actual energy consumption level was 100,04% and actual protein consumption level was 136,5%. The value of actual energy consumption level was in the good category ((>100% of RDA) and actual protein consumption level was in the good category (>100% of RDA). When the nutritional status of children under five was related to energy consumption level of household, the prevalence of malnutrition was in the low and deficit category and the good nutritional status tended to be in the sufficient and good category. The estimation was also supported by the Pearson Correlation of p=0.0001 and r=0.692. Highly significant relationship of nutritional status of children under five and the energy consumption level of household was observed. The socio-culture, economic factors which affected food consumption of household were: nutritional awareness of mother (p=0.016), food preference (p=0.023), food avoidance (p=0.000), inequality of member in the household (p=0.000), and income level of household (p=0.001).

DETERMINAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA GIZI BESI PADA IBU HAMIL KURANG ENERGI KRONIS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUMBERJAMBE KABUPATEN JEMBER

The iron deficiency anemia is a condition caused by a lack of nutrients that an important role in the formation of hemoglobin, it is happened due to the lack of consumption and due to absorption disorders. One of the factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is chronic energy deficiency. This study aimed to examine the determinants of the incidence iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency in the working area of Sumberjambe Primary Health Center in Jember Regency. This research was a descriptive study. The determination of the sample in this study used a total sampling technique, there were 44 research subjects of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency. The researcher collected the data by using interview methods, knowledge tests, and hemoglobin measurements of pregnant women. The results of the study show that most of pregnant women were in the young age group (20 years below), they had basic education level, unemployed, the family income is below the regional minimum wage of Jember, and had sufficient knowledge, had a low parity, low birth gap, ANC meets K4, most of their carbohydrates, proteins and fats consumption tend to be high. Meanwhile, the ironconsumption was in the deficit category. In the consumption pattern of iron inhibitors, most of them never consume tea, coffee, potatoes and they often consume long beans and cucumbers.

Prediction of postoperative deficits using an improved diffusion-weighted imaging maximum a posteriori probability analysis in pediatric epilepsy surgery.

This study is aimed at improving the clinical utility of diffusion-weighted imaging maximum a posteriori probability (DWI-MAP) analysis, which has been reported to be useful for predicting postoperative motor, language, and visual field deficits in pediatric epilepsy surgery. The authors determined the additive value of a new clustering mapping method in which average direct-flip distance (ADFD) reclassifies the outliers of original DWI-MAP streamlines by referring to their minimum distances to the exemplar streamlines (i.e., medoids). The authors studied 40 children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (mean age 8.7 ± 4.8 years) who had undergone resection of the presumed epileptogenic zone and had five categories of postoperative deficits (i.e., hemiparesis involving the face, hand, and/or leg; dysphasia requiring speech therapy; and/or visual field cut). In pre- and postoperative images of the resected hemisphere, DWI-MAP identified a total of nine streamline pathways: C1 = face motor area, C2 = hand motor area, C3 = leg motor area, C4 = Broca's area-Wernicke's area, C5 = premotor area-Broca's area, C6 = premotor area-Wernicke's area, C7 = parietal area-Wernicke's area, C8 = premotor area-parietal area, and C9 = occipital lobe-lateral geniculate nucleus. For each streamline of the identified pathway, the minimal ADFD to the nine exemplars corrected the pathway membership. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine how accurately two fractional predictors, Δ1-9 (postoperative volume change of C1-9) and γ1-9 (preoperatively planned volume of C1-9 resected), predicted postoperative motor, language, and visual deficits. The addition of ADFD to DWI-MAP analysis improved the sensitivity and specificity of regression models for predicting postoperative motor, language, and visual deficits by 28% for Δ1-3 (from 0.62 to 0.79), 13% for Δ4-8 (from 0.69 to 0.78), 13% for Δ9 (from 0.77 to 0.87), 7% for γ1-3 (from 0.81 to 0.87), 1% for γ4-8 (from 0.86 to 0.87), and 24% for γ9 (from 0.75 to 0.93). Preservation of the eloquent pathways defined by preoperative DWI-MAP analysis with ADFD (up to 97% of C1-4,9) prevented postoperative motor, language, and visual deficits with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 88% to 100%. The present study suggests that postoperative functional outcome substantially differs according to the extent of resected white matter encompassing eloquent cortex as determined by preoperative DWI-MAP analysis. The preservation of preoperative DWI-MAP-defined pathways may be crucial to prevent postoperative deficits. The improved DWI-MAP analysis may provide a complementary noninvasive tool capable of guiding the surgical margin to minimize the risk of postoperative deficits for children.