Deficiency In Postmenopausal Women Research Articles

Association between lumbar muscle size and bone mineral density in nonfractured postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis.

Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women is associated with bone loss and a decline in muscle mass. However, the associations between lumbar muscle size and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between lumbar muscle size and BMD in nonfractured postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia. A total of 89 postmenopausal women with osteopenia (n = 53) and osteoporosis (n = 36) were retrospectively enrolled in this study from 2014 to 2022. All participants underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy absorptiometry within a month. The lean lumbar muscle sizes at different lumbar levels were quantitatively evaluated on axial T1-weighted images. The associations between lumbar muscle size and BMD were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. The osteoporosis group had significantly smaller lean psoas muscle sizes than the osteopenia group. Based on the correlation analysis, the erector spinae and multifidus muscle sizes were significantly associated with lumbar and femoral neck BMDs in the osteoporosis group. However, no significant association was found between lean psoas muscle size and BMDs in the osteopenia group. Thus, the associations between lumbar muscle decline and bone loss differed between postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia. The study findings suggest differences in the associations between BMD and lumbar muscle size between postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia.

Abstract P217: The Role Of Angiotensin-(1-7) In Regulating Vascular Endothelial Function In Postmenopausal Women

Postmenopausal women (PMW) have reduced endothelial function, however, the mechanisms contributing to this decline remain unclear. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a vasoactive peptide of the vasodilatory arm of the Renin-Angiotensin system and increasing bioavailable Ang-(1-7) enhances endothelial function in young women (YW) with pre-clinical cardiovascular disease. Circulating Ang-(1-7) decreases with aging and may be impacted by menopause. However, whether increasing bioavailable Ang-(1-7) improves endothelial function in PMW is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing bioavailable Ang-(1-7) improves endothelial function in PMW. We assessed skin blood flow responses to local heating in 8 healthy YW (27±9 yrs) and 5 healthy PMW (56±4 yrs). Cutaneous vasodilation was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry directly over microdialysis perfusions of lactated Ringer’s (control) in YW and PMW, and in PMW only, 100 μM Ang-(1-7). Following 45 minutes of perfusion of lactated Ringer’s and Ang-(1-7), skin was heated to 42°C (0.1°C·sec -1 ) until laser-Doppler flux reached a stable plateau, indicative of endothelium-dependent dilation. Following the plateau, 28mM sodium nitroprusside was perfused while skin was heated to 43°C to achieve maximal vasodilation. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as laser-Doppler flux/MAP, and normalized to maximal dilation (%CVC max ). Women were normotensive (MAP: YW 86±7 mmHg; PMW 85±9 mmHg) and not obese (BMI: YW 23±3 kg/m 2 ; PMW 23±4 kg/m 2 ). YW had greater dilation during local heating (control: YW 94.54±5.4 vs. PMW 82.59±10.72 %CVC max ; P=0.021). Contrary to our hypothesis, Ang-(1-7) did not enhance heating-induced vasodilation in PMW (80.10±9.43 %CVC max ; P=0.69). These preliminary results suggest that increasing bioavailable Ang-(1-7) may not improve endothelial function in PMW. Additional studies are needed to understand if these findings are due to estrogen deficiency in PMW.

Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Thyroid Disease in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

It is unknown whether there is an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and thyroid disease in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between blood 25(OH)D levels and thyroid function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study involved Chinese postmenopausal women who presented to our diabetes clinic from March 2021 to May 2022 and were diagnosed with T2DM collected via a convenience sampling method. Blood samples were obtained from each patient to detect serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and 25(OH)D levels. Deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL. Comparative analysis was via t-test or chi-square test. Pearson correlation was then used to estimate the relationship between different thyroid function parameters and 25(OH)D. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore potential risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency. In total, 157 out of 230 participants (68.26%) had 25(OH)D deficiency. Compared with patients with normal 25(OH)D levels, patients with 25(OH)D deficiency had shorter medical histories of diabetes mellitus (DM, p = 0.001) and higher rates of hyperthyroidism (p = 0.007), hypothyroidism (p < 0.001), TPOAb positive (p < 0.001) and TgAb positive (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that TSH (r = -0.144, p = 0.030), FT4 (r = -0.145, p = 0.029), TPOAb (r = -0.216, p = 0.001) and TgAb (r = -0.150, p = 0.024) levels were correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Further multivariable logistic regression analyses suggested that the length of DM history, presence of hyperthyroidism, presence of hypothyroidism and positive TPOAb were significantly associated with the presence of 25(OH)D deficiency in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity were significantly associated with the presence of 25(OH)D deficiency in postmenopausal women with T2DM.

Relationship between vitamin B12 levels and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women from Colombia Caribbean

Introduction: The high prevalence of low vitamin B12 serum levels has been recognized as a public health problem in Latin America; however, the current magnitude of this deficiency in Colombia is uncertain. Low levels of vitamin B12 can induce clinical and subclinical hematological and neurological disorders. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the role of vitamin B12 in insulin resistance has been poorly studied. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin B12 serum levels and biochemical and anthropometric markers related to CVDs and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women from Colombia Caribbean. Methods: Correlational, descriptive study. By convenience sampling, 182 postmenopausal women from the medical consultation service of a health institution were linked. Serum vitamin B12 levels, anthropometric variables (body mass index, abdominal perimeter), and biochemical variables (glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, HOMA IR) were evaluated. Results: The average value of the vitamin B12 serum level was 312.5 ± 122.5 pg/mL (230.6 ± 90.4 pmol/L); 46.7% of the women had less than adequate levels of 300 pg/mL (&gt; 221 pmol/L), and 9. 9% were deficient, with levels of less than 200 pg/mL (148 pmol/L). The women with metabolic syndrome were 63.7%, and according to HOMA IR, 52.7 % had insulin resistance. A significant inverse relationship was shown between serum vitamin B12 levels with basal glycemic (P =0.002) and HOMA-IR (P =0.040). Conclusions: A significant inverse relationship between vitamin B12 levels and basal glycemia and HOMA-IR was observed. These findings highlight vitamin B12 deficiency in postmenopausal women and suggest nutritional supplementation.

High-fat diet-induced obesity augments the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency on bone: Evidence from ovariectomized mice.

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that obesity complicated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes exerts deleterious effects on the skeleton. While obesity coexists with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women, their combined effects on the skeleton are poorly studied. Thus, we investigated the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) on bone and metabolism of ovariectomized (OVX) female mice (C57BL/6J). OVX or sham operated mice were fed either HFD (60%fat) or normal diet (10%fat) for 12 weeks. HFD-OVX group exhibited pronounced increase in body weight (~86% in HFD and ~122% in HFD-OVX, p < 0.0005) and impaired glucose tolerance. Bone microCT-scanning revealed a pronounced decrease in trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) (-15.6 ± 0.48% in HFD and -37.5 ± 0.235% in HFD-OVX, p < 0.005) and expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT; +60.7 ± 9.9% in HFD vs. +79.5 ± 5.86% in HFD-OVX, p < 0.005). Mechanistically, HFD-OVX treatment led to upregulation of genes markers of senescence, bone resorption, adipogenesis, inflammation, downregulation of gene markers of bone formation and bone development. Similarly, HFD-OVX treatment resulted in significant changes in bone tissue levels of purine/pyrimidine and Glutamate metabolisms, known to play a regulatory role in bone metabolism. Obesity and estrogen deficiency exert combined deleterious effects on bone resulting in accelerated cellular senescence, expansion of BMAT and impaired bone formation leading to decreased bone mass. Our results suggest that obesity may increase bone fragility in postmenopausal women.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer-related fatigue: associations and effects on depression, anxiety, functional capacity and health-related quality of Life in breast cancer survivors during adjuvant endocrine therapy

BackgroundThe adjuvant treatment with Aromatase Inhibitor (AI) is considered standard of care for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) women with hormone receptor-positive (HR +), however, it often causes adverse effects such as cancer-related fatigue (CRF). The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women who start adjuvant AI supports the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D would be one of the biological explanations for toxicity of AI. This study aimed to identify the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and CRF, and to analyze their associations and effects on depression, anxiety, functional disability, muscle/joint aches and HRQL.MethodsThis prospective study included 89 postmenopausal women diagnosed with HR + early BC in adjuvant endocrine therapy with AI. Anthropometric and body composition assessments were performed, as well as dietary assessments by application of 24-h dietary recall, at three time points, totaling 24 months of follow-up. The women completed the Cervantes Scale (CS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The CRF was determined from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-fatigue (FACIT-F). The serum 25(OH)D was determined by electrochemiluminescence, with cut-off point above 75 nmol/L adopted as sufficiency. Generalized Linear Model (GLzM) and Generalized Mixed Model (GMM) analysis were used.ResultsAt baseline, 36% (n = 32) of the women presented CRF and 39.3% (n = 35) had 25(OH)D below 75 nmol/L. None of the women reached the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) of vitamin D. The causality between 25(OH)D and CRF was not significant. Longitudinally, lower levels of 25(OH)D had a negative effect on anxiety (p = 0.020), Menopause and Health (p = 0.033) and Vasomotor scores (p = 0.007). Also, the CRF had a negative effect on anxiety (p = 0.028); depression (p = 0.027); functional disability (p = 0.022); HRQL (p = 0.007); Menopause and Health (p = 0.042), Psychological (p = 0.008) and Couple Relations (p = 0.008) domains; and on Health (p = 0.019) and Aging (p = 0.036) subdomains. Vasomotor subdomain (β = -2.279, p = 0.045) and muscle/joint aches (β = -0.779, p = 0.013) were significant with CRF only at baseline.ConclusionsThis study found negative effect of body adiposity on CRF. Still, the clinical relevance of 25(OH)D and CRF is highlighted, especially that of CRF, considering the consistent impact on several adverse effects reported by BC survivors during adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Therapy with vitamin D metabolits of structural and functional changes in bone tissue of working postmenopausal women with ostearcopenia

The prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women working under harmful labour conditions has been examined. Reduced bone mineral density was revealed in 85% of the persons under observation, the incidence of OP was 35%, sarcopenia (SP) - 35%. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 91.3% of the workers, at the same time severe VD deficiency was observed in 32.9%, VD deficiency - in 7.5%, and the optimal level of vitamin D was observed in 1.2% of cases. 79 PM women with OP aged 50 - 60 y. o. (mean age - (55.7 ± 0.9) years), working at harmful conditions of the working environment with an average length of service 26.14 ± 0.91 years have been examined. Clinical group A (n = 30) received cholecalciferol at a dose of 2000 IU (4 drops) per day and alfacalcidol 1 μg (1 capsule) once a day for a year. This resulted in a positive effect on the level of 25(OH)D. The complex appointment of cholecalciferol and alfacalcidol reduced the level of PTH and confirmed the role of VD deficiency in the progress of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The data obtained revealed a slowing of the effect of VD on osteoclastogenesis. Decrease of bone resorption marker CTx in the women under examination confirmed the latter.

84P Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer-related fatigue: Associations and effects on health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors during adjuvant endocrine therapy

The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women starting adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) supports the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D would be one of the biological explanations for the adverse effects of AI. These condition, even as cancer-related fatigue (CRF), may be related to poor Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors during adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Aerobic Exercise with Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Promotes Brain Cells' Longevity despite Sex Hormone Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective To investigate the combined impact of aerobic exercise and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on brain cells longevity in spite of sex hormones deficiency in obese postmenopausal women. Design A parallel randomized clinical trial. Subjects/Patients. Sixty-eight eligible postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one experimental and one control. The participants' age ranged from 60 to 75 years, and their body mass index ranged from 30 to 39.9 kg/m2. Methods An experimental group whose members followed moderate-intensity treadmill exercise three times/week for three months with MIND diet and a control group whose members followed the MIND diet only. In addition to serum sex hormones, pre- and post-12-week assessments were performed to measure serum sex hormones as well as cognitive and functional levels. Results The experimental group showed after intervention highly significant changes (p < 0.01) in sex hormones, cognitive functions, and functional levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no correlation was found between the measured variables in both groups after intervention (p > 0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise combined with the MIND diet improves cognitive and functional levels and substitutes sex hormones deficiency in postmenopausal women, which affects the longevity of brain health.

MHRA consults on making first HRT product available over the counter

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has launched a consultation on making the first hormone replacement therapy (HRT) product available in pharmacies without a prescription. Gina (estradiol; Novo Nordisk) is a local oestrogen therapy, used primarily to treat vaginal atrophy caused by oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. The condition can lead to symptoms […]

Anti-Osteoporotic Effects of n-trans-Hibiscusamide and Its Derivative Alleviate Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Regulating RANKL-Induced Signaling.

Osteoporosis is characterized by the deterioration of bone structures and decreased bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fracture. Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women and aging are major factors of osteoporosis and are some of the reasons for reduced quality of life. In this study, we investigated the effects of n-trans-hibiscusamide (NHA) and its derivative 4-O-(E)-feruloyl-N-(E)-hibiscusamide (HAD) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and an ovariectomized osteoporosis mouse model. NHA and HAD significantly inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related genes. At the molecular level, NHA and HAD significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules. However, Akt and NF-κB phosphorylation was inhibited only after NHA or HAD treatment. In the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis model, both NHA and HAD effectively improved trabecular bone structure. C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), a bone resorption marker, and RANKL, an osteoclast stimulation factor, were significantly reduced by NHA and HAD. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-stained area, which indicates the osteoclast area, was also decreased by these compounds. These results show the potential of NHA and HAD as therapeutic agents for osteoporosis.

Дослідження ефективності й безпечності дієтичної добавки Олідетрим у корекції дефіциту вітаміну D у жінок у постменопаузальному періоді

Актуальність. На сьогодні дефіцит і недостатність вітаміну D є глобальною проблемою охорони здоров’я, що стосується близько 1 мільярда людей у всьому світі. Чисельні роботи доводять, що біологічні ефекти вітаміну D не обмежені регулюванням кальцій-фосфорного обміну, він також впливає й на інші фізіологічні процеси в організмі. Мета: дослідити ефективність і безпечність дієтичної добавки Олідетрим у корекції дефіциту вітаміну D у жінок у постменопаузальному періоді, а також вивчити вплив рівня вітаміну D на вираженість больового синдрому і якість життя. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження включено 26 жінок у постменопаузальному періоді віком від 50 до 83 років, які мали дефіцит або недостатність вітаміну D. Усі пацієнти приймали Олідетрим 1000 МО по 1 капсулі 3 рази на день упродовж 3 місяців. Під час кожного візиту виконували дослідження рівня 25(OH)Dзагальний електрохемілюмінесцентним методом, оцінку інтенсивності болю в нижній частині спини за допомогою візуально-аналогової шкали, визначення альгофункціонального стану великих суглобів проводили за допомогою шкали WOMAC (загальний показник, показники субшкал болю, скутості, повсякденної активності), якість життя пацієнтів оцінювали за шкалою ECOS-16. Оцінка стану проводилася через 1 та 3 місяці. Результати. Встановлене вірогідне збільшення рівня 25(ОН)D в обстежених жінок через 1 (p = 0,000004) і 3 місяці (p = 0,000002) прийому Олідетриму. Через 3 місяці прийому Олідетриму дефіциту вітаміну D у жінок постменопаузального періоду не було зареєстровано, недостатність мали 69,6 %, а оптимальний рівень вітаміну D — 30,4 % пацієнток. Вірогідно зменшився максимальний рівень болю через 1 місяць прийому Олідетриму (р = 0,01) і через 3 місяці (р = 0,01) спостереження. За результатами аналізу даних за опитувальником WOMAC встановлено вірогідне покращення показника повсякденної активності через 1 і 3 місяці спостереження в пацієнтів, які отримували Олідетрим. За період спостереження в жінок не відзначалось побічних ефектів, пов’язаних із прийомом дієтичної добавки. Висновки. Олідетрим є ефективним і безпечним препаратом у корекції дефіциту вітаміну D у жінок у постменопаузальному періоді.

Small bowel evisceration in a perforated uterine prolapse

The evisceration of the bowel through the vaginal vault is an extremely rare condition and a surgical emergency with a high-reported mortality rate. Vaginal evisceration most commonly affects menopausal women with a hysterectomy or those with previous vaginal surgery. The most common risk factors include the triad of post-menopausal atrophy, previous vaginal surgery and enterocele. Estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women leads to weaker pelvic support structures and a thin, atrophic vagina, making it more prone to rupture. Previous vaginal surgery leaves scar tissue with diminished vascularity in the vaginal wall and apex, predisposing it to dehiscence. Post hysterectomy, the axis of the vagina may be changed, making it more vertical or shortened and resulting in the vagina losing its valve-like mechanism. We present a 70-year-old female brought to the emergency department with a vaginal prolapse complicated by bowel evisceration, without any history of vaginal surgery, hysterectomy or trauma. The bowel was inspected and irrigated copiously, then reduced into the abdominal cavity as it was still viable. A total vaginal hysterectomy with an anterior and posterior colporrhaphy was done. The patient had a successful recovery with no complication. We present this case due to its rarity, the absence of previous vaginal surgery, trauma, or hysterectomy and the successful multidisciplinary surgical approach with total recovery.

The Contribution of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Restrictions on Vitamin D Levels among Postmenopausal Women in Kerbala Province

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women in light of restrictions imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study with total of 167 women patients (post-menopausal :133, pre-menopausal: 24) who were divided into two groups according to age.Result: There were significant negative links between serum T4 hormone levels and each of serum calcium values (r=-0.049, p &lt;0.001) in post-menopausal. Serum T4 hormone levels are negatively correlated to TSH hormone levels (r=-0.032, p &lt; 0.001) but T3 hormone levels shows significantly negative correlation (r=-0.277p&lt;0.001). The correlation between serum T4 hormone levels vs Glucose in patients was significantly negative (r= -0.017, p &lt;0.001),The results show that significant decrease(p&lt;0.01) in serum levels T4, T3 hormone, vit. D in post-menopausal women compared as compared to pre-menopausal, correlation of vitamin D with serum calcium (0.23 and T4, hormone (0.137) was significantly positive, and high fasting glucose in post-menopausal as compared to pre-menopausal . Conclusion: Baseline serum vitamin D levels are inversely related with thyroid hormone in post-menopausal women

Potential role of fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum)in the prevention of skin aging

Skin aging is a process influenced by several factors, including estrogen. Estrogen modulates the physiology of the skin, and its deficiency in postmenopausal women accelerates skin aging. Administration of estrogen can delay the skin aging process. Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like compounds derived from plants that administered via oral as well astopical routes. Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is one plants containing phytoestrogens. Several studies have been conducted on the phytoestregonic activity of fenugreek. Fenugreek extract exhibits estrogenic activity, as observed in the study of mouse and rat reproductive organs. Fenugreek exhibits estrogenic activity in the reproductive organs of a rat, as well as demonstrates positive effects on the skin by topical administration. This review explored the fenugreek as the source of phytoestrogens and its role in delaying skin aging.

Risk factors and clinical manifestation of magnesium deficiency in postmenopausal women with hypertension and chronic heart failure

Risk factors and clinical manifestation of magnesium deficiency in postmenopausal women with hypertension and chronic heart failure

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on intestinal calcium absorption in ovariectomized female rats

[Purpose] Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration reportedly recovers osteoporosis, a bone disorder associated with bone deficiency in postmenopausal women. However, the physiological mechanism of DHEA in osteoporosis remains elusive, especially in terms of intestinal calcium absorption. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA administration on calcium absorption in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats using an estrogen receptor antagonist.[Methods] Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=23, 6 weeks old) were randomized into three groups: OVX control group (OC, n=7), OVX with DHEA treatment group (OD, n=8), and OVX with DHEA inhibitor group (ODI, n=8) for 8 weeks.[Results] Intestinal calcium accumulation, as well as the rate of absorption, demonstrated no significant differences during the experimental period among investigated groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia at the proximal metaphysis was higher in the OD group than that in the OC group (p<0.05); however, BMD of the ODI group showed no significant difference from investigated groups. Furthermore, the BMD of the tibia at the diaphysis did not significantly differ among these groups.[Conclusion] We revealed that DHEA administration does not involve intestinal Ca absorption, although this treatment improves BMD levels in OVX rats. These observations indicate that the effect of DHEA on the bone in postmenopausal women is solely due to its influence on bone metabolism and not intestinal calcium absorption.

Взаимосвязь артериальной гипертензии, метаболического синдрома с дефицитом витамина D у женщин

Objective: To assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VD) and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods of research. The study included 46 women aged 45–65 years with amenorrhea &gt; 12 months, having grade 1 hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental data were studied. Biochemical parameters included total cholesterol (OH), HDL, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25 (OH)D]. Daily blood pressure monitoring was performed according to the standard protocol. Levels of 25(OH)D in blood serum was classified as-adequate (≥ 30 ng/ml) and insufficient (20–29 ng/ml). Results: Level 25 (OH)D in blood serum was sufficient in 21 women (45.6 %), insufficient – in 25 (54.4 %). Women with insufficient levels of 25 (OH)D had higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Metabolic syndrome was detected in 64 % (16/25) of women with hypovitaminosis D and in 43 % (9/21) of women with sufficient VD (p &lt; 0.01). The correlation analysis established the relationship of the low level of 25 (OH)D (&lt; 30 ng / ml) with MS (r = 0.68), high triglycerides (r = 0.74) and low HDL (r = 0.71). The average concentration of 25 (OH) D decreased with an increase in the number of MS components (p = 0.016). Conclusions: VD deficiency in postmenopausal women was associated with a higher prevalence of MS. Women with HDL deficiency had a higher risk of MS, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL levels compared to those with adequate levels.

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women with Fractures in Different Hospitals in Tangail

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women with Fractures in Different Hospitals in Tangail

Kefir Peptides Prevent Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss and Modulate the Structure of the Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice.

Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease associated with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Kefir-fermented peptides (KPs) are bioactive peptides with health-promoting benefits that are produced from the degradation of dairy milk proteins by the probiotic microflora in kefir grains. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KPs on osteoporosis prevention and the modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice receiving an 8-week oral gavage of 100 mg of KPs and 100 mg of KPs + 10 mg Ca exhibited lower trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and higher bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb. N) and bone volume (BV/TV), than OVX groups receiving Ca alone and untreated mice, and these effects were also reflected in bones with better mechanical properties of strength and fracture toughness. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was examined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. α-Diversity analysis indicated that the gut microbiota of OVX mice was enriched more than that of sham mice, but the diversity was not changed significantly. Treatment with KPs caused increased microbiota richness and diversity in OVX mice compared with those in sham mice. The microbiota composition changed markedly in OVX mice compared with that in sham mice. Following the oral administration of KPs for 8 weeks, the abundances of Alloprevotella, Anaerostipes, Parasutterella, Romboutsia, Ruminococcus_1 and Streptococcus genera were restored to levels close to those in the sham group. However, the correlation of these bacterial populations with bone metabolism needs further investigation. Taken together, KPs prevent menopausal osteoporosis and mildly modulate the structure of the gut microbiota in OVX mice.