Personality Defense Research Articles

Specification in the Soviet Law of Ensuring by the Court the Right of the Defendant to Protection in His Right to Questions in Interrogations

The object area of the study is the legal relations considered in the related normative construction of the principle of ensuring the right of the defendant to defense and his subjective right to questions in judicial interrogations, which arose on the basis of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR of 1960. As the main method, normative scaling is used, based on the axiom of the normative similarity of different-sized legal constructions (the normative principle of ensuring the right of the defendant to defense and a separate rule on the right of the defendant to questions in court interrogations). As a result of the study, the following conclusions are formulated. The implementation of the normative invariant that existed in the rule on ensuring the defendant’s right to personal defense by the court in the form of his use of questions during judicial interrogations did not have a complete concretization in the institute of questions during judicial interrogations. The large-scale normative object (the principle of criminal procedure) did not show full similarity in the rules on the questions of the defendant in judicial interrogations. The absence of a complete similarity between the principle of ensuring the right to defense and the defendant’s right to questions may indicate a conflict of laws in the bilateral structure of legal relations (the defendant has the right, and the court is obliged to ensure this right), the need to consider the application of a tripartite model of legal relations in the current criminal procedure law, in which the court»s duty will be presented differently.

Integrated Firefighting Textile with Temperature and Pressure Monitoring for Personal Defense.

Although electronic textiles that can detect external stimuli show great promise for fire rescue, existing firefighting clothing is still scarce for simultaneously integrating reliable early fire warning and real-time motion sensing, hardly providing intelligent personal protection under complex high-temperature conditions. Herein, we introduce an "all-in-one" hierarchically sandwiched fabric (HSF) sensor with a simultaneous temperature and pressure stimulus response for developing intelligent personal protection. A cross-arranged structure design has been proposed to tackle the serious mutual interference challenge during multimode sensing using two separate sets of core-sheath composite yarns and arrayed graphene-coated aerogels. The functional design of the HSF sensor not only possesses wide-range temperature sensing from 25 to 400 °C without pressure disturbance but also enables highly sensitive pressure response with good thermal adaptability (up to 400 °C) and wide pressure detection range (up to 120 kPa). As a proof of concept, we integrate large-scalable HSF sensors onto conventional firefighting clothing for passive/active fire warning and also detecting spatial pressure and temperature distribution when a firefighter is exposed to high-temperature flames, which may provide a useful design strategy for the application of intelligent firefighting protective clothing.

Is Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns Fascist? Resolving the Paradoxes of Heroic Violence

ABSTRACTThe Dark Knight Returns traces the polarizing paradoxes seen between the political left and right in the United States—the right at once advocating for distributed networks of self‐defense in widespread firearm availability and keeping the “thin blue line” of state power intact while the left simultaneously rejects both personal defense and policing as viable forms of mediation from bad actors—and then reimagines Batman as a metaphor by which these paradoxes are resolved.

Apologia osoby ludzkiej w nauczaniu Benedykta XVI

The author shows the teaching of Benedict XVI about the human person as its one great apologia. This apologia was about the primacy of God in all areas of human life, and thus it was also an apologia for man as a human person created in the image of God. How did the Pope seek to defend the human person? First of all, he considered every human person to be a specific center of social life, since each person, in one’s spiritual and moral dimension, is the source and goal of all human activity. Therefore, he had appealed for the promotion of a culture of respect for each such person, i.e. treating a rich person on an equal footing with an unborn, poor, starving, persecuted, economically exploited, without access to knowledge, in a word, everyone humiliated by unethical and harmful practices. He also recognized that the defense of the human person is also the defense of the common good, and vice versa. What was he protecting the person from? Against modern ideologies: biological reductionism, relativism, badly understood ecology. How did he protect it? First of all by showing its origin, greatness as well as inalienable dignity and vocation of the human person.

The Pastor as Physician of Souls in Gregory of Nazianzus’s Oration 2:16–34

Abstract Gregory of Nazianzus is known for his role in the Pneumatomachian debates of the fourth century and the resultant Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. He is less well known for his Oration 2, which was simultaneously a personal defense of his initial flight from the pastorate and also a pastoral theology which highlighted the dangers, difficulties, and duties of those called to the ministry. The oration is long, containing 170 sections, and so the focus will be on a smaller portion, highlighting the theme of the pastor as the physician of souls. After dealing with a few preliminary matters—such as the setting for the oration and other introductory issues—the article moves to an analysis of sections 16–34 of Gregory’s Oration 2.

Functional lightweight protective clothing shielding design for constant radiation shielding of flight attendants and Monte Carlo simulation verification

The use of easily accessible shielding suits for personal defense by flight attendants to reduce occupational cosmic radiation exposure is attracting increasing attention. However, to ensure activity in a limited area, the flexibility of the thin film must be considered. Although several process technologies to reduce the thickness of the shielding fabric are available, nanofiber production through electrospinning is the most effective, and it is attracting attention owing to its excellent reproducibility of the shielding performance. Therefore, in this study, a general sheet and a nanofiber shielding sheet were manufactured, and their shielding performance was compared. In addition, the shielding effect of the nanofiber shielding sheet was verified under aircraft conditions via Monte Carlo simulation. The shielding performance for neutrons and gamma rays, which are the most common sources of cosmic radiation, was 17.5% and 15.2%, respectively, with the Ba-133 and Cs-137 sources in the 0.3 mm shielding fabric. The absorbed dose change with the 5 mm shielding fabric was 7 μGy/d for neutrons and 4.3 μGy/d for protons. The shielding fabric developed in this study is expected to have an active shielding effect when used as personal protective equipment (clothing) by aircrew.

A comprehensive review on in-plane and through-the-thickness auxeticity in composite laminates for structural applications

Auxetic laminates are part of a fascinating branch of materials denominated as auxetics, which display a NPR (Negative Poisson’s Ratio), an uncommon property in the engineering world. Auxeticity is at the root of enhancements in shear and indentation resistance, fracture toughness and energy absorption, making the design of NPR a desirable feat in structural engineering. In composite laminates made of conventional, i.e. positive Poissons ratio, materials, auxeticity is a result of the combination between particular angular configurations and anisotropic materials. Such laminates can be used in a wide array of engineering applications, especially those which require high energy absorption capacity, including aerospace, personal defense and sports industries. This review focuses on particular property enhancements reported in the scientific world brought about by the design and application of IP (In-plane) and TTT (Through-the-thickness) NPR fibre-reinforced polymer laminates under QSI (Quasi-static indentation), LVI (Low-velocity impact) and fatigue solicitations. Furthermore, some insight is given on some possible future paths for further investigation of this topic.

OSNOVNA OBILJEŽJA KRIVIČNOG POSTUPKA PROTIV PRAVNIH LICA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina devoted to the regulation of the criminal proceedings against the legal person. The paper in question has two aims. The first aim is to cast light on the legal standing of the legal person in the criminal proceedings in the event when this subject finds itself in the role of the person against whom the criminal proceedings are being conducted. In that sense, this analysis took into consideration the unity of the criminal proceedings against the natural and the legal person, the jurisdiction as regards the legal person, the right and duties of the representative of the legal persons, the issue of the delivery and the expenses of the representative, as well the right of the legal person to the defense attorney and compulsory measures applicable against the legal persons. In this connection, by virtue of his significance for the exercise of the defense of the legal person, special attention is devoted to the role of representative of the legal person. The second aim consists in consideration of the shortcomings of the regulation of the procedural standing of the legal person subjected to the criminal procedure. The paper employed the normative and the formal dogmatic method in analyzing the particulars of its subject. The paper concluded that the legal regulation of the criminal proceedings against the legal person in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not at a satisfactory level since many issues of special significance are not included in the criminal procedure acts in force.

The Moral Foundation of Criminal Defences and the Limits of Constitutional Law

The Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in R v Khill provided a novel moral framework for self-defence. Whereas self-defence was previously categorized as a justification, the Court now maintains that it constitutes an excuse in some cases. In other cases, the Court suggests self-defence sits between justification and excuse, captured by a principle I elsewhere call “moral permissibility”. The Court’s choice to adopt a more robust relationship between the moral principles underlying justification/excuse and self-defence is principled. However, the basis for that conclusion—the application of moral philosophy to the law of criminal defences—applies with equal force to the law of duress and necessity. Unfortunately, the statutory duress defence and section 8(3) of the Criminal Code limit the juristic scope of those defences. Although these restrictions may be challenged under section 7 of the Charter, this challenge will likely fail as defendants need not be denied a defence. Instead, they will be denied a proper moral assessment of their actions. To instill greater coherency into the law, it is prudent to repeal the statutory duress defence. This approach would allow courts to utilize the broad wording of the new “defence of person” provision to develop the law of self-defence, necessity, and duress in line with the moral philosophy underlying these defences. Constitutionalizing the principles underlying criminal defences can nevertheless serve two broader purposes: mitigating the tendency of courts and counsel to unduly rely upon other less transparent (jury nullification) or heavy-handed (judicial review) legal devices to avoid conviction.

Training in personal defense techniques and its influence on the stress threshold of students

Training in self-defense techniques is carried out regularly in both civil and military contexts. Self-defense techniques are put into practice in dangerous situations such us a threat or a physical attack, which can generate great stress on the individual. When carrying out this study, we wanted to analyze the influence that training in self-defense techniques has on the stress experienced by students in a dangerous situation or while being attacked. For this reason, I have compared the measure of stress experienced by 14 students during their performance, facing situations of physical threat that they perform in simulated self-defense practices, which are carried out in this training. The student’s stress was measured with the Determination Test (DT) of the Vienna Test System. These defense practices against simulated attack situations take place at two different moments within the training course, one at the beginning and another once the training course has finished; therefore, the students have completely learned the defense techniques. I carried out the first measure of stress in situations of physical threat, in the simulation at the beginning of the training course, when the students had not yet learned any self-defense techniques. The second measurement was performed 21 days later, when the students had received self-defense training. This came during the simulation of situations of physical threat that is developed once the teaching of these techniques has finished and occurs at the end of the training course. The results show that the stress tolerance threshold increases with training. The results obtained in the variables measured pre and post show a decrease in the "median reaction time to the stimuli" and an increase in the variables "number of stimuli answered" and "correct reactions". This demonstrates that these subjects achieved a stress tolerance threshold in stressful situations with the highest physical threat, which was at the end of this formation. Therefore, there is an important degree of difference in the stress resistance of the subjects before the simulation of the first day of training, and that of the last day once they had already learned the self-defense techniques. These findings could contribute to highlighting the usefulness of this type of training both in military units and in civilian entities, not only to improve technical knowledge of self-defense but also to promote a more adaptive stress response in this type of situation.

Design and implementation of intelligent biosensor, personal defence device in smart watch for women sexual harassment

The crime against women is increasing at a higher rate. The world is becoming unsafe for women in all aspects. In this project, an attempt has been made to develop a smart device that can assist women when they feel unsafe. The motivation for this project came from, the women’s and children’s sexual abuses are increasing day by day. New advanced female safety devices were introduced in markets, but it’s contains costly price and it takes a long time to prevent the particular persons. So we planned to develop a female safety watch for women’s, and we also attached self-defence devices. The alarm and pepper spray are attached in these devices, it’s used to fight against the victim. This smart device will be clipped to the hands of the user and can be triggered discreetly. On tapping one button, an alert is sent via GSM with current location that is gotten from the GPS seeking help and the fear and anxiety monitoring device providing the women health conditions.

Current Status of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies among Home Healthcare and Long-Term Care Workers

<p>本文著重在職場暴力對居家醫療與長期照護從業人員的健康威脅。職場暴力可分為四種類型：第一型為具犯罪意圖之暴力，第二型是「客戶對員工」施加之暴力，第三型是「員工間」發生的暴力，第四型是親密伴侶間的暴力。其中，醫療保健與社會服務業之勞工被認為是職場暴力之高風險族群，其所受到的暴力通常來自患者或患者親屬（第二型職場暴力）。而對於居家醫療與長期照護工作者而言，由於其工作環境與工作性質，於各類型之職場暴力皆有很高的暴露風險。研究顯示，相當比例的居家醫療與長期照護從業人員經歷過第二型職場暴力，其中，居家醫療從業人員的發生率普遍高於長期照護從業人員。然而，由於通報率偏低，學者們認為醫療場域之職場暴力盛行率有被低估的可能性。本文提出對居家醫療與長期照護從業人員有所裨益的職場暴力預防策略，囊括四種面向。首先，健康與安全之教育訓練可以有效促進居家訪視的安全性，包含成立安全及諮詢委員會、提供教育訓練、加強溝通技巧、強化事件通報流程，以及重視事件之後續追蹤等。其次，對於居家訪視進行風險評估有助於改善居家之環境安全，目前已有數種評量工具。其三，防身物品、緊急電話及合宜之應對態度是面對暴力事件時的重要應對技巧。其四，為預防醫療職場暴力，《職業安全衛生法》與《醫療法》也逐年修訂。綜上所述，本文蒐集醫療場域之職場暴力現況，並提供預防及因應策略，以期居家醫療與長期照護從業人員能擁有更友善健康的工作環境。</p> <p> </p><p>Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious occupational threat for healthcare workers (HCWs). WPV can be divided into the following four types: Type I concerning criminal intent, Type II client-on-worker violence, Type III worker-on-worker violence, and Type IV personal relationship (or intimate partner violence). A high level of exposure to WPV has been identified in the healthcare and social work settings where patients form a common source of WPV (more specifically Type II WPV). Of all healthcare professionals, home healthcare workers (HHCWs) and long-term care workers (LTCWs) are particularly vulnerable to WPV due to the unique characteristics and requirements of their services, and home healthcare workers appear to be at a greater risk of experiencing WPV than their long-term care counterparts. Moreover, most scholars are of the opinion that the prevalence of WPV is very likely to be underestimated due to underreporting. Accordingly, the paper proposed four major WPV coping strategies for the two groups of healthcare workers. First, training courses should be planned and implemented to improve communication skills of workers and safeguard their safety during home and long-term care visits. Relevant committees or advisory boards should be established to streamline incident reporting SOP, provide counseling, develop safety manual, and monitor follow-ups of reported incidents. Second, home environment safety should be assessed using one of the several tools that have already been developed. Third, HHCWs and LTCWs should equip themselves with personal defense and protection gadgets and memorize emergency phone numbers for every visit. Fourth, related laws and regulations, notably Occupational Safety and Health Act and Medical Care Act, should be reviewed and amended on a regular basis to better prevent WPV in the home and long-term care settings. In the paper, we comprehensively report the prevalence of medical workplace violence, prevention and intervention strategies for HHCWs and LTCWs to stay safe while working.</p> <p> </p>

The presumption of innocence in the system of legal presumptions

The essence of the presumption of innocence does not consist in the fact that the accused, as a rule, is innocent, but it assumes that as long as we do not have a definitive sentence of conviction, there is no legally guilty person of committing the crime. The importance of this rule for the construction and democratic functioning of the criminal process, as well as for the defense of persons held criminally liable, is difficult to overestimate. The person’s guilt is not considered proven and he cannot be recognized as guilty of committing the crime and, respectively, subject to any restrictions on his rights, except for those related to the investigation of the criminal case, the grounds and order of application of which are strictly regulated by law. Introduction the presumption of innocence in the Code of Criminal Procedure as a general principle did not by itself remove all the deficiencies regarding the proper application of this principle in the practical activity of law enforcement bodies. This is not only due to the lack of desire of the participants in the process to comply with the rules derived from this principle, thus complicating the activity of research and discovery of crimes, but also due to reasons of improper perception, distorted of its essence. The correct understanding and interpretation of the essence and peculiarities of the presumption of innocence, the problems related to its application, is impossible without an incursion into the matter of legal presumptions and without determining the place of the presumption of innocence in their complex system.

Learte’s dream. Spanish transatlantic mobility in the eighteenth century through the autobiography of a Navarrese migrant

ABSTRACT Fracasos de la fortuna is the title of Miguel de Learte Zegama’s autobiography written during the 1780s. Learte Zegama, born in Sangüesa (Navarre) circa 1731, decided to write his memoirs from his childhood in the north of Spain, his years in Cadiz, his travel into the Canary Islands, and his emigration to the province of Rio de la Plata around 1750. This narrative outlines a personal defence of the author to rebuild his deteriorated reputation after the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Gobernación of Tucumán based on his mobility. The present article focuses on two aspects of (t)his story that illuminate the transitory dimension of the migrant’s experience and its subjective fluidity: the impulses and self-presentation. Firstly, I address the two main impulses of Learte to migrate from Cadiz to America and, later, from Tucuman to Navarre. Then, I examine the account of Learte’s sojourn in the Canary Islands and the ambivalent peninsular and American perspective from which he writes. Thus, this case study provides an example of eighteenth-century mobilities, problematising categories like “merchant” or “creole,” and demanding an approach that recognizes formative paths, contingency and multidirectional character of mobility, as constitutive of the early modern experience.

Psychological Determinants of Individual Radicalisation

The paper aims to define the psychological foundations of lone wolf activism. The analysis that facilitated attaining this goal was based on the Nietzschean concept of resentment theory of compensatory revaluating values that explain the relationships between inferiority and fundamentalism, fanaticism, and ideologically motivated violence. Based on a phenomenological examination of the phenomenon, the author demonstrates that lone wolf activism is founded on two psychologically and sociologically determined successive processes. The first one occurs when a sense of personal inferiority becomes the source of an envy-based hostile attitude toward the world. Later on, this feeling, due to personality defence mechanisms, which bring about the falsification of “primary desires” and the generation of “secondary desires”, transforms into fundamentalism. The second process takes place when, as the result of fundamentalist legitimisation that arise on the level of social rivalry, given fundamentalism is destituted, resulting in fanaticism. The author believes that the knowledge of both processes is necessary to recognise and combat the terrorist activity of lone ideologically motivated individuals.

Judgment of Athlete Action Safety in Sports Competition Based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm

Athlete injury has always been an important factor that plagues sports. In order to reduce the probability of athletes’ sports injury and improve the judgment of athletes’ action safety, the inherent laws of sports actions are fully excavated, the development of action safety is promoted, and learners and instructors are caused to fully understand the safety of actions. This study uses the LSTM (long short-term memory) cyclic neural network algorithm to judge the safety of athletes in sports competitions. The experiment verifies the effectiveness of the LSTM cyclic neural network algorithm in basketball segmentation and recognition. Sports injury is one of the important factors affecting the performance of all sports, and the problem of athletes’ injury is worrying, so it is very necessary to effectively prevent potential sports injuries. Through the investigation of different professional athletes, the LSTM cyclic neural network algorithm is used for the whole process of extracting an independent motion action including continuous actions. It is used to distinguish key postures and nonkey postures in an action, and to judge the correctness of the action. Basketball skills here are mainly the movements of basic skills such as moving, passing the ball, dribbling, shooting, breaking with the ball, personal defense, grabbing the ball, stealing the ball, and grabbing the ball. The research results prove that the LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm has a good effect on the safety of athletes. For athletes, 41.9% of people can improve the safety of their movements by strengthening strength training.

Human-wildlife conflict interest: the psychometric reasons for the death of 28 hippos in the Gibe Sheleko National park (2019), Southwestern Ethiopia

This study examines a hot issue that has received a lot of attention in 2019, Ethiopia, which is the death of over 28 hippos in Gibe-Sheleko National Park (GSNP) in southern Ethiopia, which has gone undiscovered until now. A psychometric explanation for the extinction of hippos was developed using a qualitative research approach that included in-depth interviews (28), focus groups (3), and key informant participants (3) who were carefully selected. Concerning the cause of the hippos' death we found three psychometric reasons: (1) the government-owned farm and the park’s irresponsible management system are the primary causes of hippos’ deaths, (2) crop, cattle, and property damage by the hippos, and (3) personal defense from the animals’ attack. We found that the Ministry of Environment and Forests should support park administrative governments in upgrading habitat to boost food and water availability and prevent animal migration from park forests to habitations. Furthermore, we discovered that national and international media outlets performed their investigations into the interaction between the Gibe Woreda people and the animals following the deaths of over 28 hippos in the region. We understand that this had occurred for a political plot to get public attention and media publicity.

СВЯЗЬ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ И СИНДРОМА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ У СОТРУДНИКОВ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ КОМПАНИЙ

The results of a study of professional burnout among employees of a commercial organization are presented in the article. The study involved employees of a pharmaceutical company (N=101) with different experience, higher education, aged 22 to 60 years (SD=8.62), men 21.8%, women 78.2%. Socio-demographic variables (gender, age), characteristics of professional activity (length of service, position, predominant content of work tasks, compliance of responsibilities with education) are not associated with the severity of burnout in this sample. The traits of the “dark triad” “Machiavellianism” and “psychopathy” are significantly higher in the group of more burned-out employees; the indicators on the “narcissism” scale did not show significant differences. Indicators of “proactive overcoming”, “reflexive overcoming”, and “strategic planning” turned out to be significantly higher in less burned-out employees, and the intensity of psychological defenses did not differ. Proactive coping strategies are associated with burnout in all respondents, psychopathy is associated with burnout in respondents with moderate burnout severity, and personality defense mechanisms are associated with burnout in respondents with high burnout severity. The burnout of the pharmaceutical company employees who took part in this study turned out to be associated with the psychological characteristics of the respondents, and not the characteristics of the organization of their professional activities. In particular, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, proactive coping, and psychological defenses were associated with burnout, and the connections of these psychological characteristics differ among respondents with different burnout severity. The results of the study indicate the expediency of studying the psychological factors of burnout, taking into account the severity and phase of burnout.

‘My Kind of Catholic.’ On Taylor’s Contribution to Philosophy of Religion

ABSTRACT Many critics observe a methodological flaw in Taylor’s work. They claim that there is an alleged discrepancy between Taylor’s historical approach on the one hand and his defense of fullness in terms of openness to transcendence on the other. This article challenges this verdict by disambiguating the relation between the role of history in Taylor’s narrative and his personal defense of fullness in terms of religious openness to agapeic transcendence. In order to underpin this position, I first assess the originality of Taylor’s analysis of the historical origin of secularization by comparing his master reform narrative with other stories of secularization (§2), in particular that of Marcel Gauchet (§23). The outcome of this comparison leads to the question regarding the ontological presence of transcendence as a religious experience of fullness. Taylor’s answer to this question is evaluated from an epistemological stance (§4) and a more general cultural approach (§5). In order to retrieve a religious experience of fullness, Taylor highlights the important role of what he calls subtler languages (§6). Finally, the question is raised how subtle words in a ‘post-revolutionary climate’ may retrieve that personal, religious experience of fullness (§7).

Suicidal shotgun wound of the head with personal defence ammunition: A report of a case and review of literature

This manuscript reports the autopsy and radiologic findings associated with a unique type of shotgun/revolver ammunition (Winchester PDX-1 Defender). A review of literature was conducted which revealed only one other report of wounding with this ammunition, but that report was not of a suicidal gunshot wound as in this case. We discuss the unique characteristics of the ammunition and why it can lead to confusion for forensic pathologists, law enforcement and forensic radiologists as it is an atypical, mixed type of ammunition with subsequent unique physical and radiologic features.