Defense Area Research Articles

The Effect of 8-Week Soccer Training on Group Dynamics and Group Consciousness of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

This study examines the effect of 8-week soccer training on group dynamics and group consciousness of individuals with educable intellectual disabilities. In this study, a one-group pretest-posttest model was used. The study included 8 male individuals aged 13-17 in a special education institution in Mersin province. Before and after the 8-week soccer training, 3 physical education teachers made independent observations and evaluated them with an observation form. According to the observation form pre-test and post-test mean scores, the % difference was calculated from descriptive statistics. When the pre-test and post-test percentage differences were examined; improvements were made in the areas of correct defense (40%), correct offense (40%), successful pass (40%), correct intervention (50%), goal to the opponent's goal (50%), ball control (60%), ball winning (50%), defensive error (20%), intervention to teammate (50%), goal to the wrong goal (20%), ball loss (40%) and team integrity (70%). As a result of the study, it was seen that long-term soccer training was beneficial in branch-specific skills, physical and mental development in individuals with intellectual disabilities. In addition, group consciousness was observed in individuals and behavioral changes occurred in this direction. Since there is a limited number of studies on group consciousness and group awareness in individuals with intellectual disabilities; it is thought that this study will contribute to the literature and guide future studies.

КОРРЕСПОНДЕНТ ГАЗЕТЫ «КРАСНАЯ ЗВЕЗДА» ЛЕВ РОМАНОВИЧ ИШ В СЕВАСТОПОЛЕ В ПЕРИОД ГЕРОИЧЕСКОЙ ОБОРОНЫ ГОРОДА 1941–1942 гг.

The article considers the work of Lev Romanovich Ish, a correspondent of the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda in the Primorsky Army in the Sevastopol defensive area during the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1941–1942. The article is based on the analysis of archival documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The memoirs of D. I. Ortenberg, the editor-in-chief of the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda during the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1941–1942, the memoirs of war correspondents and materials published in the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda in 1941–1942 were also used.

Environmental Archaeology of an Urban Defensive Area at the Time of the Roman Conquest: New Insights from a Hilltop Pond in Lugdunum (Lyon, France)

ABSTRACT This study shows how fine and organic sediments in urban contexts can document landscape changes, anthropogenic activities and depositional processes. We focus on the transition between the late Iron Age and the Roman period in the city of Lyon (France), where an archaeological excavation conducted on Fourvière Hill aimed at understanding the evolution of a defensive site located south-west of the former Roman city. The discovery of a Gallic wall made of earth, wood and stone (murus gallicus) probably indicates the oppidum status of Lyon before the Roman colonisation. Fine-textured, organic and hydromorphic sediments containing a variety of artefacts (fine wares and amphora fragments) and abundant palaeoecological indicators (seeds, fruits, wood and charcoal fragments, pollen, shells, and parasites), were preserved at the foot of the rampart. A multidisciplinary study of these remains reveals the presence of a former hilltop pond surrounded by riparian woodlands with multi-proxy evidence of arable land or gardens, discharge from human settlements (consumption wastes, human parasites), and grazed areas (faecal inputs, animal parasites and plants tolerant to trampling). After several episodes of sediment inputs and backfill, the palaeoenvironmental record ended at the beginning of the Roman Empire, when a defensive wall was built over the site.

Russia’s Foreign Policy Priorities in the Arctic Region Development at Current Stage

The article reviews the features of the processes in the Arctic region in the context of its growing importance in world politics and economics. The Arctic has the richest resources in the world. In the depths of the Arctic there is about a third of all the world’s reserves of natural gas and up to 13% of oil, huge reserves of coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, platinum, and manganese. The growing dependence of the world economy on energy resources is pushing foreign countries to develop their interests in this region. Russia occupies a unique geopolitical position in the Arctic. The Arctic zone of Russia is singled out as a special object of state policy on the basis of its special national interests in the areas of geopolitics, economics, ecology, science, defense and national security. The development of mutually beneficial international cooperation in the Arctic meets the interests of Russia and its socioeconomic development. International cooperation in the Arctic is greatly influenced by the contradictory trends in modern international relations. As a result of the confrontation unleashed by Western countries against Russia, there was a significant complication of relations within the Arctic community. The Western Arctic states have blocked the development of common approaches to solving the most important issues for the region in the modern Arctic. In these conditions, Russia is building a multi-vector policy in the Arctic, which has brought positive results in attracting friendly states to partner cooperation on the implementation of projects in the Russian Arctic zone.

ASEAN Defence Ministers MeetingPlus: Institutional structure, specific features, and evolution (2010–2022)

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the key multilateral structures in Asia-Pacific. Throughout its history, the organization has established a system of external partnerships. In 2010, a specific security-related dialogue format has been introduced into this system, — the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus). In order to provide a better understanding of the legal nature of the ADMM-Plus as an international grouping, and to discuss the dynamics of its evolution, as well as the practical results of its work, this paper examines the Meeting’s activities in the recent years (2010 to 2022) and identifies the stages of its institutional development. The author notes that, unlike other similar fora, ADMM-Plus has a strictly limited number of participants. It could seem counterproductive, however, both ASEAN and its dialogue partners keep up to the closed nature of the grouping, beware of the potential contradictionsincaseofitsexpansion.Theauthoralsoconductsthediscourse analysis of the ADMM-Plus documents and member statements, highlighting +-the views of the participants and identifying the current international positioning of the forum. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that, in the context of the fundamental changes in the world order, ASEAN has proven its ability to control the sensitive agenda of the ADMM-Plus, and stays committed to its principles of multi-faceted policy. At the same time, the affinity of Russian and ASEAN approaches towards the development of Asia-Pacific is displayed. While other dialogue partners, primarily the United States and China, are pressurising ASEAN in order to ‘win over’ the Southeast Asian countries to their side, Russia consistently promotes an equal, practice-oriented dialogue, and adheres to the principles of non-interference in internal affairs and in local conflicts. The author concludes that, in spite of the low-profile practical achievements of the ADMM-Plus, the Meeting remains suitable for all its participants, as the main effect of its activity represents the maintenance of contacts and negotiations in the defence area in the face of the new regional security challenges.

Вимоги до вибору значень параметрів радарів із синтезованою апертурою на базі малих космічних апаратів дистанційного зондування Землі

Present-day small satellites for Earth remote sensing have found wide practical application in solving different problems in the socio-economic and defense areas. The use of small satellites is justified as a basis for the formation both of large constellations and constellations of several spacecraft or single spacecraft with the aim to reduce the cost of Earth remote sensing information. The miniaturization of electron components and the latest technological advances have made radar systems compatible with small satellites. The goal of this paper is to present, based on small satellites, expressions for calculating the key parameters of radar systems and their analysis and to calculate possible values of the parameters considered. Possibilities in principle of using synthetic aperture radars (SARs) are considered. The paper presents an overview of Internet sources that give broad information on the recent trends, technologies, and use SAR-equipped satellites. Particular attention is paid to the development of mini- and microspacecraft with X-band SARs operating, in particular, in the stripmap and spotlight modes. The key parameters that have an effect on the SAR possibility of producing high-quality images are presented. By the example of the ICEYE constellation of small satellites, important technical characteristics and parameters of modern radar systems equipped with an active phased array antenna are presented. A model of SAR imaging in the stripmap mode is considered. In the approximation of a rectangular antenna aperture, expressions are given to estimate the slant and the horizontal range resolution and the azimuthal resolution. The available range of the small-satellite SAR pulse repetition frequency is estimated. Relationships between the maximum swath width and the minimum SAR pulse repetition frequency are presented. Expressions are given to estimate the antenna dimensions, the SAR sensitivity, and the signal-to-noise ratio. The presented expressions allow one to analyze the effect of the main technical characteristics and parameters of minisatellite SARs on the design and power characteristics of small satellites and the orbit parameters. The obtained results make it possible to develop recommendations on the design of imaging equipment for home low-orbit satellites and their constellations.

Оборона частями Красной Армии дельты реки Волги в сентябре – ноябре 1919 года

This article explores a little-studied subject of the civil war in the Astrakhan region. The purpose of the research was to study the combat operations of the 11th Army compounds, which made up the defense of the Volga River delta in the fall of 1919. The Volga River delta defense area, which included the western (Yashkul and Kizlyar directions) and eastern (Dzhambay direction) battle areas, was created on August 24, 1919. In the Dzhambay direction up to the middle of November 1919 the task of active defense of its area was set, which was replaced by the order to eliminate the enemy. In the Kizlyar direction the red troops were assigned the task of stopping the advance of the white troops with their subsequent destruction. In September-November 1919, all the tasks assigned to the command of the Volga River delta defense area were successfully accomplished.

The Art of the (Im)possible: Ethical Limits and Christian “Kenotic” Inspirations for Diplomacy

The aim of this article is to challenge an ideologically overestimated view of diplomacy as a universal self-sustaining value and remedy for unpredictably chained and escalated conflicts in the world. The article shows the necessary connection between diplomacy and the fragility of human ethical decision-making, including in the areas of strategy, international politics, and military defense. This more modest approach also applies to proposals for diplomacy built on direct or indirect religious inspirations. The article calls for a nuanced critical approach to religious diplomacy and the positive transformation of the limits of human rational negotiation by the paradoxical “power of the powerless” and transcendental mystery. The final part provides three biblically-inspired Christian opportunities for this transformation: endurance of faith, voluntary self-denial (kenosis), and the complex “two level”—both protective and eschatological—pursuit of peace.

Strategy of Empowering Maritime Defense Areas to Increase the Income of Fisherman Communities and Awareness of National Defense in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra (Study at Palembang Naval Base)

Republic of Indonesia Law No.34 of 2004 regulating the Indonesian National Armed Forces Navy Duties in Article 9 Paragraph (e); Implementing the Empowerment of the Maritime Defense Area. The implementation of maritime defense area empowerment is the empowerment of coastal communities through Maritime Potential Development, which is implemented by Main Naval Bases III/JKT, in this case, Palembang Naval Base in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra, which is represented by the coastal area of Sungsan I-IV village, Banyuasin II subdistrict. From the perspective of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the goal is to carry out the primary mission of the Indonesian Navy, which is to raise awareness of national defense. The main objective of this research is to investigate the strategy for empowering maritime defense areas by Main Naval Base III/JKT, specifically Palembang Naval Base, in terms of increasing coastal communities' economic income and awareness of national defense in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra. The findings of this research reveal that there is no coastal community/fishermen empowerment program in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra that is planned, measurable, and sustainable. According to Chamber, community empowerment is an economic development concept that encompasses social values. This notion reflects a new "people-centered" development paradigm that is participatory and sustainable. The concept of empowerment encompasses more than merely meeting fundamental needs or providing a mechanism to prevent future impoverishment. Conclusion: Coastal community empowerment measures intended to increase fishing communities' earnings along with comprehension of National Defense in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, have not been planned.

EUROPEAN UNION – WESTERN BALKANS: DYNAMICS OF INTEGRATION

The article was devoted to the analyses of the European Union’s integration strategy towards Western Balkans states. The author examines the reasons for transformation of the EUs’ policy from restrained attitude towards enlargement of the Union embracing western Balkans states to acceleration of this process on the background of aggravation of the geopolitical situation and armed conflict around Ukraine. The European Union’s priorities concerning its enlargement were also examined. They are oriented towards strengthening the EU’s role as important actor on global and regional scale and aimed on prevention of geopolitical competition in the region and resumption of crisis cycle in the region by means of stabilization of the region, by realization of profound social and economic as well as legal reforms in the Western Balkans states on the basis of the Copenhagen criteria. Assessment of the EU’ strategy on integration of the Western Balkans has been done on the basis of key documents of the EU’s organs and official statements of its leaders as well as results of the EU’s summits in Slovenia and Brussels (December 2023). Considerable attention was devoted to the key directions of perspective cooperation of the EU and the Western Balkans states in the areas of security and defense. The conclusion was made that the EU’s integration strategy towards Western Balkans is aimed at keeping those states in the realm of its political and economic influence and stabilization of the region in conditions of the new challenges to its stability and security.

Maritime Defence Empowerment in the Development of Fishermen's Communities in Sungsang Waters, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra

According to Republic of Indonesia Law No. 34 of 2004 addressing the INAF, the duties of the Indonesian Navy are outlined in Article 9 paragraph (e): to implement Dawilhanla. Dawilhanla is the empowerment of coastal communities through Binpotmar, which is implemented by Lantamal III/JKT in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, coastal areas represented by Bungakarang Village, Tanjung Lago regency, Marga Sungsang, Sungsang I-IV, Pili Village, Banyuasin II regency. The purpose of organizing the Empowerment of Maritime Defense areas is: in the perspective of Hanneg's interests is to prepare maritime defense areas and support forces as early as possible to win the conflict. From a community perspective, it aims to assist in overcoming community challenges and improving the welfare of maritime communities. The purpose of this research is to analyze Lantamal/JKT's strategy for empowering marine defense areas to improve the welfare of fishing communities in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, as well as to develop a model of this strategy. The research employed a qualitative research approach. Data was collected from designated informants and analyzed using qualitative techniques. The findings of research on coastal community empowerment are limited by only providing assistance to fishermen, which is not optimal considering the limited budget. Synergy between agencies is not implemented in a sustainable manner that meets the needs of the fishing community. The conclusion of the implementation of the coastal community empowerment strategy to increase the income of coastal communities/fishermen in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, was not successful.

‘Outsider’ socialization: Sweden’s interactions with NATO in civil defence prior to membership

ABSTRACT This study assesses the impact of NATO socialization upon an ’outsider’ country, using Sweden in the area of civil defence as a case study. Relying on 33 interviews from 2020 and 2022 with civil servants from Swedish government agencies, the article gives a unique empirical account of practitioners’ perceptions on the interactions (or the absence thereof) with NATO prior to Sweden’s NATO membership, covering a crucial phase under which the country knocked on the alliance’s door. It expands the existing socialization literature by developing the ’outsider’ perspective, while also contributing to the understanding of the impact of the socialization process on a practical level. To that end, the study develops a theoretical framework based on exclusion, interactions, incentives, and compatibility which serves to elevate the analysis that highlights challenges for ’outsiders,’ while proposing subsequent strategies to mitigate them. Furthermore, it unlocks a discussion on NATO’s role in national resilience of present and future member countries.

The state in the mechanism of law-formation as a subject of theoretical and legal knowledge

In the content of the article, the author revealed the relevance of scientific knowledge of state issues in the system of subjects of modern law-formation. It is noted that the state in the modern conditions of the development of society acquires a new multifaceted meaning, since its role is significantly changing, namely the state faces new challenges associated with the resolution of hybrid wars, a significant increase in the number of armed conflicts on the political map of the world, a significant increase level of their aggressiveness, pandemic threats. It is emphasized that today the issue of both the scientific rethinking of the state's regulatory and protective capabilities, and the expansion of scientific ideas about the practical limits of the state's influence in improving regulation and protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of legal subjects is becoming particularly relevant. The most significant character today is the state's influence on law-formation, ensuring a balance of interests in the formation of law, its formalization, interpretation and further socialization. However, the role of the state in the law-formation mechanism is currently in a state of significant transformation, which is accompanied by the strengthening of the state's influence on law-formation, in particular in terms of ensuring the effective implementation of state policy, especially in the areas of national security and defense, European integration, ensuring social standards, etc.
 The author substantiates that the scientific understanding of the state as a subject of law­formation has an ambiguous character. This is due to the discussion in the understanding of the phenomenon itself - law-formation, its properties, which are laid by scientists as the basis for understanding the mentioned concept, including such a property as subjectivity. From a cognitive point of view, the state in the mechanism of law-formation: firstly, it is characterized by the multifaceted nature of its manifestation and functioning, providing influence and determining the content of law-formation; secondly, it is a polystructural phenomenon, exerting an influence on law-formation through the system of state­authority subjects, ensuring legal regulation of social relations of an international, national, state-wide and regional nature; thirdly, it is an instrumental means that ensures not only the formalization of the law, but also its use, execution, compliance and application; fourthly, it is a functional phenomenon, providing a comprehensive impact on both the formation of the legal framework and legal regulation as a whole; fifth, it is a political phenomenon that ensures the implementation of its own law-formation policy and helps to balance the law-formation interests of other law-formation subjects.

Lightweight, Flexible, and Thermal Insulating Carbon/SiO2@CNTs Composite Aerogel for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption.

A complex electromagnetic environment is a formidable challenge in national defense areas. Microwave-absorbing materials are considered as a strategy to tackle this challenge. In this work, lightweight, flexible, and thermal insulating Carbon/SiO2@CNTs (CSC) aerogel is successfully prepared coupled with outstanding microwave absorbing performance, through freeze-drying and high-temperature annealing techniques. The CSC aerogel shows a strong reflection loss (-55.16dB) as well as wide effective absorbing bandwidth (8.5GHz) in 2-18GHz. It also retains good microwave absorption properties under tension and compression. Radar cross-sectional (RCS) simulation result demonstrates the CSC processing a strong reduction ability of RCS compared with a metal plate. Further exploration shows amazing flexibility and good thermal insulation properties of CSC. The successful preparation of this composite aerogel provides a broad prospect for the design of microwave-absorbing materials.

РОЗВИТОК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ ПІДСИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ТАКТИЧНОЇ ЛАНКИ УПРАВЛІННЯ

An analysis of methods used by management bodies has been conducted, indicating the necessity of finding the most acceptable methodological apparatus for substantiating decisions regarding the application of units and subunits to counter armed and other provocations by the enemy in the area of combat missions performance. The issue of the inconsistency between the necessity of countering threats posed by the enemy's troops in the defense area of a battalion (combat order during the offensive) and the absence of a methodological apparatus that would allow to form a rational distribution of units and subunits under these conditions for conducting combat operations has been raised. Methods and algorithm have been proposed that enable the determination of the degree of correspondence between external informational indicators of data received at the battalion command post and typical informational indicators of necessary information for use during the decision-making process for the application of units and subunits, allowing timely measures to be taken to prevent negative consequences for the national security of the state during the combat operations conducted by units and subunits of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

백제의 서남해안지역 장악과정에 대한 고고학적 검토 - 고흥지역 고분 변천을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this article is to clarify the changes in archaeological data of the Three Kingdoms period in the southwest coast to understand Baekje's dominant strategy and the actual existence of historical events identified in the process. To this end, the characteristics of the ancient tombs were revealed within the Goheung Peninsula, and the disconnection and continuity of indigenous and foreign material cultures were carefully examined. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the transition period of archaeological data in the Goheung area was in the fourth quarter of 4C to the first quarter of 5C. During this period, the inflow of foreign forces was remarkable in the southern region, while indigenous forces were growing in the northern region. However, after the second quarter of 5C, indigenous forces in the north will disappear, but foreign forces in the south will continue to grow. In the first half of the 5th century, considering that foreign cultures replaced indigenous cultures in the southern part of Goheung, it was highly likely that the Historical records of 'the slaughter in the Chimmi Darye region' were real. As a dominant strategy, Baekje distinguished areas that should be controlled first and areas that were not in relation to securing major bases on the transportation route, and it seems that Baekje dispatched Japanese subordinated to Baekje to the top priority area. As a result, it seems that temporary autonomy has been secured in the northern region, which is a certain distance from the marine transportation route. Since then, as negotiations with Baekje and Japan have been concentrated in the southern part of Goheung, transportation routes and trade networks are estimated to be reorganized from the existing northern part to the southern part. In this process, it is judged that indigenous forces in the north are gradually eliminated. On the other hand, the Japanese tombs in the south are no longer contrasted, which is believed to be due to the localization of Japanese people or the growth of emerging indigenous forces supported by Baekje. Since then, the Goheung area in the late Woongjin period is the front-line secondary defense area bordering the Seomjin River, and is organized into the complete region of Baekje as Baekje Fortress is contrasted.

Criminal-Law Characteristics Of Extortion

In the context of the criminal law reforms, which are currently being implemented in the Republic of Armenia, the study of the crime of extortion and identification of problems in this sphere are of great importance. As a result of judicial reforms in the Republic of Armenia, recently a number of new legal codes have been developed, including the new Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia, which entered into force on July 1, 2022. According to the currently effective Criminal Code certain changes have been made in the area of criminal defence of crimes against property, economy and economic activity, including extortion criminal offence. Therefore, the study of criminal law key issues of extortion criminal offence is of great visual and practical importance. However, in addition to the abovementioned, it should be added that extortion has always hindered the activities of both legal entities with any form of organizational law and individuals. The aim of the study is to analyze the criminal law content of the crime of extortion, to identify the existing problems in the area discussed, as well as to introduce the criminal law characteristic of the crime of extortion defined by the current Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia. Extortion remains a high-level latency crime. Many of the victims of extortion do not appeal to law enforcement agencies, considering this method of defence to be ineffective. The high level of latency does not allow an evaluation of the true prevalence of this type of crime. Within the framework of this article, the criminal law characteristics of crimes against property are studied and presented, and the peculiarities of the concept of extortion are considered. The corpus delicti of extortion is analyzed, as well as its aggravating circumstances are considered; proposals are made to introduce corresponding amendments to the legislation aimed at a more precise definition of the article providing for criminal liability for extortion and the easiest possible definition of similar acts in practice.

The Success Factors of Rest Defense in Soccer - A Mixed-Methods Approach of Expert Interviews, Tracking Data, and Machine Learning.

While the tactical behavior of soccer players differs between specific phases of play (offense, defense, offensive transition, defensive transition), little is known about successful behavior of players during defensive transition (switching behavior from offense to defense). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the group tactic of rest defense (despite in ball possession, certain players safeguard quick counterattacks in case of ball loss) in defensive transition. A mixed-methods approach was used, involving both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Semi-structured expert interviews with seven professional soccer coaches were conducted to define rest defense. In the quantitative analysis, several KPIs were calculated, based on tracking and event data of 153 games of the 2020/21 German Bundesliga season, to predict the success of rest defense situations in a machine learning approach. The qualitative interviews indicated that rest defense can be defined as the positioning of the deepest defenders during ball possession to prevent an opposing counterattack after a ball loss. For instance, the rest defending players created a numerical superiority of 1.69 ± 1.00 and allowed a space control of the attacking team of 11.51 ± 9.82 [%] in the area of rest defense. The final machine learning model showed satisfactory prediction performance of the success of rest defense (Accuracy: 0.97, Precision: 0.73, f1-Score: 0.64, AUC: 0.60). Analysis of the individual KPIs revealed insights into successful behavior of players in rest defense, including controlling deep spaces and dangerous counterattackers. The study concludes regaining possession as fast as possible after a ball loss is the most important success factor in defensive transition.

100 Years of INTERPOL: its Position and Role within the European Union

Despite INTERPOL’s achievements through its global connection with and between all police forces, the current question is what place the largest international police organisation will take in police cooperation within the European Union. This question is indeed relevant given the European Union’s increasing role in the regulation, policy and coordination in the field of European police cooperation. It has also become clear in recent years that the European Union has been striving for more strategic autonomy in this globalised world and more geopolitical independence. This has not only been the case in the areas of energy supply, climate and defence, but also in police cooperation. In my current positions as IINTERPOL Vice-President for Europe, but also as a person directly involved in European police cooperation (including through the chairmanship of the Europol Management Board and the chairmanship of COSI 1 during the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2024), I think it would be interesting to reflect on that in this article.Aim: Opinion on the future role of INTERPOL in the European Union.Methodology: The various regulations and actions regarding police cooperation within the European Union are examined from the perspective of how INTERPOL relates to them.Findings: Despite the various initiatives developed within the European Union to establish internal European police cooperation both through the European agency Europol and its various European information systems, it is clear that INTERPOL remains a vital enabler of European police cooperation. Value: In the light of the willingness from the European Union to more strategic autonomy, also regarding police and security, and given the ongoing negotiations between EU and INTERPOL, it is clear that consideration must be given to the role that INTERPOL can still play within the EU.

IMPROVING WORK PERFORMANCE WITH THE INFLUENCE OF ROTATION THROUGH WORK ENTHUSIASM AND MOTIVATION IN THE HOUSING, RESIDENTIAL AND DEFENSE AREA SERVICES OF BULELENG REGENCY

This study aims to determine the increase in work performance with the influence of rotation through work enthusiasm and motivation in the housing, settlement and defense areas of Buleleng Regency. The population and sample in this study were 92 employees at the Housing, Settlement and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency. The data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on variance SEM, which is well known as Partial Least Square (PLS) visual version 3.0. The results of this study indicate that rotation has a direct influence on morale at the Housing, Settlement and Defense Areas Services in Buleleng Regency. Rotation has a direct influence on motivation in the Housing, Residential Areas and Defense Services of Buleleng Regency. Rotation has a direct influence on work performance at the Housing, Settlement and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency. Morale has a direct influence on work performance at the Housing, Settlement and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency. Motivation has a direct influence on work performance at the Housing, Settlement and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency. Rotation has a direct influence on work performance with work enthusiasm as an intervening variable at the Housing, Residential and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency. Rotation has a direct influence on work performance with motivation as an intervening variable at the Housing, Residential and Defense Areas Office of Buleleng Regency.