Deep-well Pumps Research Articles

Classification of The Analog Informative Parameters of the Rod Deepwell Pump Dynamograph Signals

In mechanized oil production, rod deep-well pumps are widely used. They consist of surface and underground parts. The above-ground part includes pump drive and wellhead fittings. The wellhead fitting is designed to seal the well. The underground part is the pump itself. The pump consists of a plunger, rod string and tubing. The main method of diagnosing a rod deep-well pump is dynamometry. Dynamometry allows to determine the equipment defects and control the efficiency of the pump operation mode without stopping the well operation. Dynamometry is a process of measuring the loads, which are perceived by the polished rod during the operation of the well. There are theoretical and practical dynamograms. Practical dynamogram is a closed non-periodic curve with variable amplitude. There are various methods to automate the process of the dynamometry result processing. In this paper we analyze the analog informative parameters of dynamometer signals. These parameters depend on the friction forces in the underground part of the rod pump, inertial forces, tightness of valve assemblies, dynamic liquid level, etc. The results obtained can be used in the development of the pumping process. The obtained results can be also applied to develop processing algorithms of practical dynamograms.

Change in abrasivity of mechanical admixture particles in fluids in deep-well pumping

Change in abrasivity of mechanical admixture particles in fluids in deep-well pumping

Method of Adjusting the Plunger Suspension of a Deep-Well Pump

Method of Adjusting the Plunger Suspension of a Deep-Well Pump

МҰНАЙ КӘСІПШІЛІК ЖАБДЫҚТАРЫНЫҢ СЕНІМДІЛІК СИПАТТАМАЛАРЫН БАҒАЛАУ ЖӘНЕ БЕЛГІСІЗДІК ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА ШЕШІМ ҚАБЫЛДАУ

Abstract. The article is devoted to the results of information analysis and the establishment of the relationship between factors affecting the reliability of oilfield equipment using a fuzzy clustering algorithm. One of the main tasks of oilfield practice is to assess the influence of various factors on the efficiency of field operation and make the right technological decisions. The reliability of estimates and decisions is determined by how reliably the input and output variables and their values are selected. Situations often arise when, given the same data, fundamentally different results are obtained. To find specific expressions of these dependencies and the parameters characterizing them, in particular, methods of statistical data processing are used. As a result of the analysis of the causes of failures of deep-well pumps, factors influencing the efficiency of the pump in the fields under consideration were identified and subjected to fuzzy cluster analysis, which allows us to gain an understanding of the influence of selected factors on efficiency indicators under conditions of uncertainty. A relationship was obtained between the input and output variables, which can be expressed by a fuzzy expression of the IF-THEN rule. Keywords: reliability, liquid flow rate, turnaround time, fuzzy set theory, fuzzy cluster analysis.

Method of adjusting the plunger suspension of adeep-well pump

A mathematical model and algorithm are presented for adjusting the depth of the plunger suspension to exclude its exit from the pump cylinder. An iterative calculation of theoretical dynamic dynamometer charts is performed, taking into account the determination of the correction for the plunger suspension depth and the assessment of the normal operation of pumping equipment. The model and algorithm are tested on the example of the wells of the Uzen field. Keywords: plunger, plunger suspension, deep-well pump, pumping equipment, dynamometry. urazakK@mail.ru, mba_2019@mail.ru, keqkfv@gmail.com, O1970r@gmail.com

Sustainability of Soil/Ground Environment under Changes in Groundwater Level in Bangkok Plain, Thailand

The groundwater level is a significant factor when assessing the sustainability of soil/ground environmental factors, such as bearing capacity behavior and soil surface displacement. Normally, groundwater level changes depend on deep-well pumping in industrial and economic development areas in many countries, especially Bangkok, Thailand. Groundwater level changes are related to pore water pressure changes and soil surface displacement, called land subsidence or rebound displacement. Changing soil strength and soil surface displacement during groundwater level changes depend on many factors. This study analyzes the behavior of soil around a single pile when the groundwater level changes and assesses the behavior of soil displacement when the groundwater level rises to the ground surface after prohibiting groundwater pumping. This research evaluates the behavior of soil by using a centrifuge machine and theoretical calculations (soil displacement analysis only). The results of both the centrifuge test and theoretical calculations were compared with the results from the Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) and previous research conducted by other researchers. The soil surface displacement behavior in the centrifuge test showed a similar trend compared with the field measurement results of DGR. Meanwhile, the results of the theoretical calculations and the results of previous researchers showed a similar trend regarding the rebound in soil surface displacement. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of a single pile in stiff clay increased when the groundwater level decreased, and the bearing capacity in stiff clay increased further upon groundwater recovery or the rise to the ground surface. In medium-density sand, the bearing capacity increased when the groundwater level decreased and decreased when the groundwater level recovered to the ground surface.

Protection of downhole pumping equipment in case of high sand production

Most of oil reservoirs in Kazakhstan are currently at the final phase of mining, the productive strata locate in weakly cemented sedimentary rocks, and sand production is one of the main complication factors in oil recovery. This study aimed to find the main causes of failure of deep-well pumping equipment in oil reservoirs with high sand production and to elaborate practical guidance for a soil user to reduce the adverse effect of such failures. The research procedure included the statistical analysis and systematization of information on equipment failures in Buzachi-North oil field, as well as the numerical modeling of influence exerted by well geometry on wear of oil well tubing and rods in the conditions of sand production using bundled software PC-PUMP. Based on the research findings, some practical recommendations were proposed to optimize well operation in the conditions of high sand production, which allowed expanding repair interval. The recommendations included the method earlier unused in oil production, namely, protection of deepwell pumping equipment from sand plugging with the help of sand valves meant for the periodic (as sand accumulates in oil well tubing OWT, or during well shuts-in) removal of sand-and-liquid column from OWT to annulus. This reduces probability of deep-well pump rotor jamming and preserves feasibility of the system restart. Inclusion of the sand valve in the deep-well pump assembly eliminates additional fitting of downhole pumping equipment with standard back and drain valve as the sand valving performs their functions. Moreover, the sand valving enables different operations connected with pumping of process fluids in annulus at disengaged pump. The proposed design also allows communication between OWT and annulus for complete drain of liquid from OWT by means of pneumatic effect from ground surface (well mouth) du ring maintenance and complete overhauls in wells. The use of such multi-function valves is a promising trend to enhance efficiency of processes in borehole mining of fluid minerals. It allows simplifying deep-well pump hookup due to reduced number of various-purpose valves and owing to multitask of implemented operations, as well as eliminates engagement of supplemental special machinery and human resources.

End-Ring Wear in Deep-Well Submersible Motor Pumps

Wear of end ring is to date an unreported and uninvestigated failure that very frequently takes place in deep-well submersible motor pumps. This article first analyses the particularities of these induction motors, especially their unusual rotor manufacturing process. Failure mechanism related to the end-ring wear is described, showing several examples of damaged rotors in a motor repair shop. Then, the difficulties of its diagnosis through conventional rotor asymmetry indicators are described, caused by the subtlety of this fault and the very easy appearance of false negatives. The end-ring wear detection through a multicomponent approach is researched through simulation, laboratory results, and the diagnosis of two-field motors showing that new fault alarm levels need to be defined. To perform this last step and for the first time in the technical literature, two induction motors working in a deep borehole have been continuously monitored (one measure every six operating hours) for almost one year.

The method to remove parts from the multi-step oil well centrifugal pump housing on a workbench

Repair of centrifugal oil pumps requires their total tear-down, with removal of steel parts from the cylindrical housing made of thick-walled steel tubes. This paper describes the technology of removal of steel parts from the tube using an air-driven hammer with a piston of relatively small weight of 40 kg. The complete tear-down of the deep-well centrifugal pump is implemented using a facility with a guiding frame. The frame accommodates the mutually appressed air-driven hammer, a nozzle with a conical seating surface, a tube section with a side window and a stepped flange adaptor. The latter is pressed to the end face of the pump housing. The other end of the housing is butted on the energy sink fastened on the guiding frame. The described facility has a rod passed through the open end hole in the energy sink and along the opening of the housing, which interacts with the parts in the housing via one end and with the drive via the other end.

ADJUSTMENT OF ROD STRING VIBRATIONS IN DEEP-WELL PUMPS UPON IMPACT

In the article, studying the behavior of a rod strings is considered, the character of the change in dynamic pressure in rods is studied. On the basis of the equation fluctuation of a homogeneous core, the question on fluctuations of rod strings is studied more deeply. 
 One of the most important problems in the operation of sucker rod pumps is the problem of selecting a sucker rod string. The growth of well depths requires not only a complete analysis of the operation of the existing equipment, but also the rational operation of such wells. Many researchers have dealt with the calculation of the dynamic forces acting on the sucker rods.
 Here, with the help of mathematical modeling, an analytical expression was obtained, which allows one to study the nature of changes in dynamic stresses in the rods, the problem of optimizing the choice of the dimensions and weight of the rods is formulated.

Evaluation of natural frequency, Campbell diagram and forced torsional vibration of deepwell pumps for the marine, oil and gas industry

Deepwell marine and offshore pumps need to design in a way to present high performance and reliable lifetime. Deepwell pumps should be designed in a way to operate under offshore conditions. In order to investigate the resonance and find critical rotational speeds of the pump, it is needed to find the rotational natural frequency for undamped model. In order to avoid any resonance, the intersection points between natural frequency and excitation (1X and 2X) should not be in the interval of 90%-110% of operating speed, based on API standard (API 610). Deepwell pump structure is combination of motor, motor-shaft coupling and pumping configuration. Based on the size of tank and type of ship the length of whole deepwell pump can be more than 40 meters. Elastic rotating shafts connect with appropriate shaft-couplings with needed numbers of impellers and inducer. Small and linear angle of rotation theory are used to extract natural frequencies of deepwell pumps. Different damping scenarios are illustrated in detail. Holzer method is implemented to analyse torsional forced vibration. Free-free boundary conditions considered. Combination of discrete model, lumped mass model and finite element method are employed to present the Campbell diagram. Parametric strategy is used for forced torsional vibration analysis. It is found that how to model and consider the effective length of intermediate shaft in pumping configuration has effect on second natural frequency. It is seen that the first natural frequency of the whole system is highly depended on modelling of motor-shaft coupling. The results are compared when the whole pump is model by lamped mass model and finite element model. Results of this paper suggest that combination of three mentioned methods is acceptable and accurate. It is shown that Holzer method is suitable for torsional forced vibration analysis. The developed codes are verified with findings in the literature.

Modeling of the Dynacard of the Rocking Machine Taking into Account the Characteristics of the Drive Unit

The issue of synthesis of models of the "well-rod deep-well pump" system is considered taking into account the characteristics of the mechanical part of the installation with the rod depth pump and the characteristics of the drive. This model allows to obtain dynacards and wattmeterograms, which is important when using it to develop diagnostic and control algorithms. An example of using the mechanics of a traditional rocking machine is considered. The necessary formulas for modeling the oil production process are presented. The obtained model can serve as a basis for constructing virtual and physical stands designed for testing the algorithms for controlling and diagnosing installations with a rod deep pump and testing the efficiency of their control systems. Conclusions are made about the applicability of this approach to the synthesis of models and for other types of actuators of installations with sucker-rod deep pumps.

New Indicators to Discriminate the Cause of Low Energy Efficiency in Deep-Well Pumps

The extraction of groundwater for irrigation with submerged pumps in deep wells is energy intensive, but is essential for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the performance of these pumping stations, there are several commonly used energy efficiency indicators that show whether the pumping system is working properly or not, but they do not indicate the cause of inadequate performance. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to propose, calibrate and validate a set of new indicators, to identify the possible cause of inefficiencies in the design and operation of deep-well pumps and to serve as a helpful tool in decision-making throughout their life cycle. After their definition, they were applied to 22 pumping wells for calibration, and were validated in a single pumping well in three different stages of its life cycle. The results show that wells with low energy efficiency (41%) have operational problems (33%), design problems (11%) or both (56%). The application of the indicators to a well in three stages of its life cycle allowed preventive maintenance to be performed, generating energy savings of 11% with a payback period of 0.6 years, which proves the usefulness of the indicators with regard to improving energy management and the maintenance of well pumping in the different phases of the life cycle.

Методика и результаты исследований утечек в маслозаполненном подвесном компрессоре глубинно-насосной скважины

Методика и результаты исследований утечек в маслозаполненном подвесном компрессоре глубинно-насосной скважины

Svanehøj acquires Force Technology’s Marine Equipment Service

Deepwell pump manufacturer Svanehøj has taken over Force Technology’s Marine Equipment Service department, a provider of service solutions for cargo systems.

Development and implementation of device for capturing large mechanical particles falling into the space between cylinder and plunger of sucker-rod pump

The deep pump, mainly sucker-rod deep pumping method is widely applied in the onshore oil wells of Azerbaijan. Despite the fact that the deep-well sucker rod pumping method is widespread, its operation in sand-producing wells is accompanied by various complications. Since mechanical particles wearing the pump parts out, falling into the space between the plunger and the cylinder, either wedge the plunger inside the cylinder or increase the gap between them. To prevent the ingress of large particles of sand into the gap between the plunger and the cylinder of the deep sucker rod pump, a device for sand trapping has been developed. The sand-trapping device is installed within the well tubing strings on the rod string and prevents the big particles of the liquid in the pipes falling into the gap between the plunger and cylinder. As the plunger, the device is started via balanced head. Due to the equipment installation, the liquid injected from the pump undergoes pressure decrease and the conditions for deposition and accumulation of large particles are formed.

Результаты опытно-промышленных испытаний скважинных штанговых невставных насосов с разрядной камерой на месторождениях ООО “ЛУКОЙЛ–ПЕРМЬ”

Результаты опытно-промышленных испытаний скважинных штанговых невставных насосов с разрядной камерой на месторождениях ООО “ЛУКОЙЛ–ПЕРМЬ”

A Method for Diagnosing Formation Fluid Leakage During the Operation of Sucker Rod Pumps and a Device for Its Implementation

The operation of oil sucker rod pumps (SRP) is known to be one of the most common and basic methods of oil production, especially for marginal wells. However, rapid wear of the plunger pair, tubing and sucker rods caused by friction, leading to a decline in equipment performance, as well as to labor intensity of replacement and repair of deep-well pumps, determines the relevance of developing methods for diagnosing the technical condition of sucker rod pumping units (SRPU) and formation fluid (FF) leakage during the operation of SRPU as an indicator of the technical condition of SRPU in particular. As one of the controlled parameters, leakage value is important for the operational control of well performance and increasing the efficiency of oil production. The authors consider the impacts of well product leakage both in the pump itself (the “cylinder-plunger” clearance, valves) and on the path of the pump product from the cylinder to the orifice (through threaded connections of the tubing string (TS) of the well, through possible pipe breakdowns caused by wear due to rubbing against the rods, etc.). In the existing literature, formulas are given for calculating the amount of fluid leakage through the clearance between the working surfaces of the plunger and the cylinder of a SRP during laminar flow in the clearance (laminar regime is the most probable), with the clearance as the main parameter, cubed. However, this formula requires determining the size of the clearance directly, which is an extremely difficult (impossible) task in an operating SRPU. And results of determining leakage from dynamometer cards and piezograms have low accuracy. In view of the above, the paper proposes a new method and a device for its implementation, which involves measuring the pressure on the well flow line and at two points of the tubing string (TS) of the well, one of which is located at the TS orifice, and the second lower at a distance of half the height of the cylinder of the pump being used, the FF leakage from downhole pumping equipment being calculated by the algorithms given in the text. It is shown that the proposed diagnostic method makes it possible to more accurately and reliably, in comparison with the existing methods, determine the formation fluid leakage during the operation of SRPU.

MECHANISM OF WATER DISTRIBUTION ON LEMON FARM LAND

Pump is mechanical device to increase the pressure energy of a fluid. Generaly pumps are used to lift the water from low level to high level. These are of two types,namely reciprocating pumps and centrifugal pumps. On centrifugal pumps the centrifugal force or variation of pressure due to rotation is responsible for their operation or working.
 The program of community services as implementation of sciences and technology intended to introduced and give skill training about water supply units to the community at Desa Sempa jaya ,Kabupaten Deli-Karo. In this area the people have a problem about availibity of water for agricultute, when mountain Sinabung gets eruption the leave of plantation are covered with dust and damaged to citrus plants,in dry season orange plants lack of water even though the success of the harvest is very dependent on water.
 The program was carried out by designing, fabricating and erecting the unit of water supply,consist of deepwell pump,piping system, valve,tee,bent,tower tank and panel control.
 The result of this community services showed that the capacity of pumps are 6 liter/menit,head are 50-70 meter,power 2 HP,speed 1500 rpm.capacity of tower tank 5400 liter, the pump may supply the water to tower tank until full about 2 hours,and the farmer may use the water from the tower tank by gravitation about 3 days.

TECHNIQUE FOR TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTIC OF CHAIN DRIVE DEEP-WELL PUMP TYPE PTS-60-18-3,0-0,5/2,5

The paper presents the node failure analysis of chain drive deep-well pump in PAO «Tatneft» and UK OOO «TMS-grupp» by means of statistical quality control method - ABC-analysis (or Pareto analysis). During the operation of long-stroke chain drives, nodes have been identified that require modernization. In particular, systematic failures of the traction chains, the counterweight carriage, the carriage rolling pin, the cargo belt, the cable suspension, the sprocket assembly, the intermediate support and the loss of lubricating oil due to the leakproofness of the housing of the transforming drive mechanism are noted. The chain drive main advantage over a traditional pumping unit is to pro- vide the best conditions for low-yield operation and complicated wells stock by increasing the plunger stroke length and reducing the swing frequency. However, their reliability in comparison with rocking machines leaves much to be desired, so there is a question about increasing the chain drive nodes reliability. Based on ABC-analysis revealed that the main share of failures, related with gear and rope suspension. It established that in the chain drive manual absent permissible limits for metal thinning of chain drive, vibration velocity on the bearings of the traction chain; rejection rates of mechanical damage to the base metal. A technique for technical diagnostics has been developed, including various types of non-destructive testing: visual measuring control, ultrasonic thickness measurement, vibration diagnostics, wattmetering.