Deep Scholarship Research Articles

Letter From the Co-Editor: Yes, “Shit’s Got to Change.” But How? A Call for a Deep Scholarship Social Movement

This letter from the editor is in response to Benjamin et al.'s (2024) call to action surrounding the structures and systems of the tourism academy. It recommends a social movements approach as a possible framework for taking next steps. This Deep Scholarship Movement suggests (1) identifying and assembling key leadership change agents with diverse viewpoints, (2) enhancing self-efficacy, increasing consciousness-raising, and maximizing resource mobilization, the three primary components of successful social movements, and using them to work toward (3) community consensus building. These are challenging and daunting recommendations. This letter argues, however, that this or some other systemic, organized approach is necessary for those of us in varying aspects of leadership to clear the way and establish deeper, richer, more inclusive and less oppressive environments for our early-and mid-career colleagues.

Anthony Vidler (1941-2023)

Abstract On October 19, 2023, we lost Anthony Violer, a longtime friend of this magazine. A brilliant historian of architecture whose deep scholarship and intellectual curiosity ranged from Ledoux to his own contemporaries, Tony was also an astute reader of art and theory, and he was always alert not only to the historical conditions of a given practice but also to its conceptual implications and political ramifications. In manifold ways Tony instructed us, inspired us, committed us, and delighted us with his theatrical imagination and subversive wit.

Review: Michelangelo, God's Architect: The Story of His Final Years and Greatest Masterpiece

Review: <i>Michelangelo, God's Architect: The Story of His Final Years and Greatest Masterpiece</i>

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The “New:” A Colonization of Non-Modern Scholars and Knowledges

AbstractWe engage in an affirmative feminist reading of the recent, predominantly Western, philosophical movement called the new materialisms—that is, we problematize the “new” while still valuing its contributions toward justice (Todd 2016; Schaeffer 2018). We put Sara Ahmed in conversation with María Lugones and Zoe Todd in order to recognize that not only have feminist scholars engaged in conversations around the material before publications of the “new” (Ahmed 2008; Lugones 2010; Todd 2016), but we also argue that the “new” creates a coloniality of non-modern knowledges that think and live some of the so-called groundbreaking ideas of the “new.” The new materialisms, then, function systematically to deny and silence the multiple and varied ways in which the concepts it engages have a prolonged and deep scholarship of theorization in both feminisms and non-modern knowledges. The significance of this, we contend, is not merely a question of semantics as (some) authors of the “new” purport—language matters. That is, language materializes the world; it affects. In engendering this philosophy as “new,” it acts, in effect, as a colonization that reinforces harmful and violent discourses of white, neoliberal, colonial capitalism (Lugones 2010) that some feminist theories seek to dismantle.

Across culture, mind and history

This editorial highlights the contributions of Gustav Jahoda to cross-cultural and cultural psychology. Gustav’s broad and deep scholarship, focusing on culture, mind and history, crossed disciplinary boundaries of psychology, anthropology and sociology in his attempts to understand human psyche and concrete activities in various situations and locations. Gustav’s legacy is inspirational for human and social scientists who search for ‘the establishment of general psychology of a new kind’.

Humanities Book Award 2017: Deep scholarship in action

Humanities Book Award 2017: Deep scholarship in action

The Intellective Space: Thinking Beyond Cognition by Laurent Dubreuil

Reviewed by: The Intellective Space: Thinking Beyond Cognition by Laurent Dubreuil Josh Doty Laurent Dubreuil, The Intellective Space: Thinking Beyond Cognition Posthumanities series Minneapolis and London University of Minnesota Press, 2015, 171 pp. Laurent Dubreuil's recent book, part of the Posthumanities series at the University of Minnesota Press, seeks to push beyond cognition, defined as "the minimal level" of "mental operations," and into another territory altogether (3). Specifically, the book delineates (and celebrates) "the intellective space," the mental zone of cognitive excess and failure wherein "thought and knowledge are performed and shared" at the moment of the present (3). "The intellective," Dubreuil writes, is both "a possible name for the productive undoing of cognition per se" and a way of addressing "the potential journey of ideas" that go beyond the base-level cognitive processes that are the subject of the cognitive sciences (3). In doing so, Dubreuil's work orients the reader, in surprising and productive ways, towards the virtues of intellective contradiction, ephemerality, unpredictability, performance, and even chaos. Ultimately, he offers new ways to structure connections between the humanities with the sciences of mind. The book unfolds in two parts, "The Intellective Hypothesis" and "Animal Meditations," which together contain one hundred and seven sections—some of these sections are as brief, elusive, and ephemeral as thought itself, and some are longer, weightier investigations. "The Intellective Hypothesis" delineates the foundations, theory, and stakes of intellection. In it, Dubreuil notes that the "material channels" through which cognition passes ("human verbal language, neural synapses, social prescription") cause an "excess of (and to) cognition" that "never completely disappears" and that "shapes our thoughts more than once" (3). This excess is, for Dubreuil, the core of the intellective. He goes on to characterize intellection as "conjectural," "less durable than its cognitive operations," and as "extraordinary, dialogic, defective, and affirmative" (22, 25). Ultimately, the intellective space is a zone of imperfect, ephemeral mental action. "Animal Meditations" asserts that the project of intellective studies requires that "as much as we can, we accept ourselves as constructing and constructed animals," at once "material packs of cells" and "performers of intellection" (94). Doing so, he argues, ultimately allows for a reassessment of what it means to be human: to [End Page 364] be neither wholly somatic nor wholly mental. Here he critiques Donna Haraway's celebration of the cyborg—neural implants, he writes, "would possibly minimize the intellective" of our cyborg selves, "making us highly well-informed and dull animals, with the idiot savant as our ideal" (107). Computers might well mimic cognitive processes, but, Dubreuil asserts, they could not mimic intellection's productive static—that is reserved for "the intellective animal (be it 'human' or not)" (109). Ultimately, he hopes that the "most discursive disciplines" will "speak of, and from, the intellective, in a manner the regular sciences could contribute to but not appropriate," in doing so opening new avenues of collaboration between the humanities and the sciences (110). Readers will notice that The Intellective Space is a challenging read. Stylistically, it is reminiscent of High Theory—dense, allusive, aphoristic, and searching. Most challenging is that the act of reading the book is itself, to inhabit its own terms, an intellective (a productively unpredictable and contradictory) act. Depending on one's expertise, thinking with some sections will be easier than with others. Dubreuil's deep scholarship manifests in the ecumenical sweep of the thinkers, texts, and fields of study he engages: he addresses with equal perspicacity cyborgs, metaphysics, Anaxagoras, Emily Dickinson, analytic philosophy, Catherine Malabou, Kurt Gödel, and the soul. This scope makes the book of interest to a number of fields, but it renders his forays into logic, to give one example, inaccessible to many readers of this journal. Dubreuil acknowledges the difficulty of reading his book: "I know that, by abandoning a more traditional apodictic form (more geometrico), I am making myself less 'readable' by people I would also like to convince" (12). But he insists that of course the book "is not readily applicable, not readily teachable. It is not ready to be delivered, for the present needs to be unpacked" (12). He writes as he does, he says, to emphasize the...

Harris, Kirsten. Walt Whitman and British Socialism: "The Love of Comrades" [review

Kirsten Harris. Walt and British Socialism: The Love of Comrades. New York: Routledge, 2016. ix + 219 pp.In the late 1880s, when he began visiting Walt daily and writing up their conversations, Horace Traubel also commenced a campaign to make the poet confess that he was a socialist at heart. Patiently, the young radical would watch for an opportunity to make a political thrust; inevitably, the canny old man would parry. Do you have any sympathy for . . . socialism? Traubel asked bluntly at one point. Lots of it-lots-lots, replied. Too much is made of property, here, now, in our noisy, bragging civilization-too little of men. Traubel persisted: But about their political program- how about that? Of that I'm not so sure, told him. rather rebel. I am with them in the result-that's about all I can say. Expressions of general sympathy for people over property were the most Traubel was able to extract from Whitman; the young man acknowledged that as far as was concerned, individualism deservedly carries the day.Despite his profound and frequently expressed skepticism about socialist political activity, for roughly two decades, beginning in the 1880s, Walt was revered among British socialists. One of the most interesting questions in the history of Whitman's international reception is how a Free Soil Democrat became a patron saint of British socialism. Kirsten Harris's Walt and British Socialism is the first book-length response to that question. Employing deep scholarship and flexible, sensitive interpretations of literary and political discourse, Harris makes an important contribution to transnational studies.Harris's lengthy introduction serves as a valuable primer on late-nineteenth-century British socialism. Henry Pierson's tripartite division of the of this period into Marxist, Fabian, and ethical strands, laid out in two influential books published in the 1970s, has dominated understanding of the period. Drawing on recent revisionist accounts, Harris rejects that neat division. She turns to Edward Carpenter's concept of the larger socialism as a useful way of understanding the diverse socialist movements of the era. Socialism overlapped not only with trade unions but with the women's rights movement and local cycling clubs; it drew in workers, artists, vegetarians, and spiritual seekers. Within the heady atmosphere of what socialist editor Robert Blatchford called the new religion of socialism, Whitman's politically vague but emotionally stirring appeals to fellowship made him particularly useful during this multi-faceted early phase. As Harris notes, Able to accommodate overlapping and competing ideas, could speak powerfully to a movement . . . fiercely debating what it was and how it should develop (8-9).The book's first two chapters are on Edward Carpenter and the group of Whitmanites in Bolton, England, known as the Eagle Street College. Harris has dug deeply into the archives, and she offers novel perspectives on these now-familiar figures. Critical conceptions of the relationship of Carpenter's Towards Democracy to Leaves of Grass solidified almost from the moment of the first edition's publication in 1883, when Edward Aveling in an influential review proclaimed Carpenter to be the English Walt Whitman. Aveling intended the label as a compliment, but a similar, widely publicized remark by Havelock Ellis was more critical: when a friend showed Towards Democracy to Ellis at a socialist political gathering in London, he handed it back with the dismissive comment, Whitman and water. Ellis later recanted his hasty judgment, and many British socialists regarded Towards Democracy as a worthy companion-volume to Leaves of Grass.By the time of Carpenter's death in 1929, his poetry had been largely forgotten. It was revived in the 1970s by critics interested in the history of homosexuality, scholars among them. …

Holocaust: An American Understanding by Deborah E. Lipstadt

Reviewed by: Holocaust: An American Understanding by Deborah E. Lipstadt Saul Lerner Holocaust: An American Understanding By Deborah E. Lipstadt. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2016. In 2001 Elie Wiesel said “this fiery memory remains and we, you and I, you and all of us, now are its very privileged custodians.” Deborah Lipstadt has been one of the foremost custodians of the tragic memory of the Holocaust. Her exceptional scholarship has included such insightful books as Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust, 1933–1945 (1986), Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (1993), History on Trial: My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier (2006), The Eichmann Trial (2011), and now, Holocaust: An American Understanding (2016), published as a part of Rutgers University’s Key Words in Jewish Studies series. Each of her books has significantly advanced the study of the Holocaust and demonstrated Lipstadt’s continuing role as a custodian of the memory of the Holocaust. Lipstadt’s deep scholarship on the Holocaust is illustrated in this thoughtful, interesting, and important study that effectively documents the evolution of the word “Holocaust” as a key critical word in Jewish studies. The book considers the Holocaust’s impact on the United States and, in turn, the impact of America on the study of the Holocaust. Within some two hundred pages, Lipstadt divides her book into three themes: the first focuses on the period up to 1962, and traces both early Holocaust historiography and its impact on the development of the term “Holocaust”; the second is aligned with the impact of Holocaust studies on America, 1960s social and cultural happenings in the United States, and how these happenings impacted Holocaust studies; the third deals with increasingly critical recent scholarship of the Holocaust, with Holocaust deniers, antisemites, and others who have sought to trivialize the Holocaust and its significance. In the World War II aftermath, Nazi “victims” (the initial descriptive term) sought to bear witness to their experiences—to help the world understand, to explain what had happened to them, and to encourage the hope of “never again.” Their more appropriate identification became “survivors,” but the phenomenon which they had survived had yet to be designated. The initial words depicting this phenomenon included khurbn (from “destroy”) and “Shoah.” There were numerous English equivalents, such as “catastrophe,” “destruction,” and others, but Lipstadt indicated that by the 1950s the term “Holocaust” was increasingly employed. The topic, however, did not attract much attention until the time of the Eichmann trial, when Israeli prosecutor Gideon Housner put numerous [End Page 121] survivors on the witness stand to testify about 1933–1945 Nazi persecution and destruction of the Jews. The testimony focused world-wide attention on the Holocaust, and publication of Raul Hilberg’s Destruction of the European Jews (1961) provided a first comprehensive description of the deadly details. The term “Holocaust” was increasingly used by scholars, including Phillip Friedman, the first important historian who, Lipstadt contends, relied on survivor testimonies, rejected the proposition that Jews marched unresistingly like sheep to the slaughter, and viewed the Judenrate or Jewish Councils as not invariably supportive of Nazi efforts at Jewish extermination. Much debate among historians of the Holocaust revolved around these three issues. Lipstadt briefly summarized such issues in the various positions of Raul Hilberg’s Destruction of the European Jews (1961), William Shirer’s The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), Bruno Bettelheim’s The Informed Heart (1960), Hannah Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), Lucy Dawidowicz’s The War Against the Jews (1975), Terrence Des Pres’s The Survivor (1980), Christopher Browning’s Ordinary Men (1992), and other publications. Rolf Hohhuth’s novel, The Deputy (1965), was deeply troubled about the role of the Catholic Church, Pope Pius XI, and especially Pius XII during the 1933–1945 Jewish persecutions and such concerns generated many studies. Arthur D. Morris initiated the continuing debate over the failures of apathetic bystanders in While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy (1967), a view supported in David Wyman’s Paper Walls (1968), The Abandonment of the Jews (1984), and numerous other recent titles. In addition to her fine descriptions of...

On Madness and Civilisation: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (1961), by Michel Foucault.

The original text of this work was published in Paris, in 1961, as Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la Folie à l'âge Classique. Madness and Civilisation was the English translation (by Richard Howard) of an abridged French version from which 300 pages had been cut. A substantial number of the references from the first text were also omitted, and the deep scholarship of Foucault's original work was not fully available to English readers until 2006, when Routledge published a comprehensive translation of the full book by Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa. This delay in translation of the full text may explain the very different reactions to the work in France and in the English-speaking world. The former were positive in the main. French historians celebrated the depth of research and Foucault's methodological originality. English-speaking historians, working with the abbreviated version only, were generally dismissive. A chorus of reviews challenged the accuracy of Foucault's historical scholarship. In an important defence of Foucault, published in 1990, Colin Gordon argued that Histoire de la Folie was an ‘unknown book’ in the English-speaking world and went on to show how the answers to most of these historical challenges could be found in the original French version.

‘I have to come somehow empty and ready’: Myth and Reception in Kevin Crossley-Holland's Arthur Trilogy

In his review of Arthur:The Seeing Stone (2000. London: Orion), Philip Pullman claims that Kevin Crossley-Holland's book is ‘as bright and as vivid as pictures in a Book of Hours. Deep scholarship, high imagination, and great gifts of storytelling have gone into this; I was spellbound' (The Guardian, 28 September 2000). Crossley-Holland's intimate knowledge of his subject and his confident, poetic writing make this reinvention of the Arthurian myth a deep and compelling read. In this article, I will be exploring Crossley-Holland's representation of the legend of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table as a locus for the mediation and contestation of fictional, historical and contemporary realities. The boy protagonist is portrayed as not only a receiver of the myth, but also as a subject for the potential propagation of the cultural constructs inherent in the Arthurian heritage. This article considers the reception and negotiation of these ‘mythical truths' by the protagonist and the relevance of this kind of text to twenty-first century child readers.

Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), pp. xiv + 326, £30.00/$40.00, hardback, ISBN: 978-0-300-13911-2.

Charles Webster, Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), pp. xiv + 326, £30.00/$40.00, hardback, ISBN: 978-0-300-13911-2. - Volume 55 Issue 2

Soviet Children’s Flags

In the Soviet Union (1922-1991) small flags designed for and used by children were more than just toys. Deep scholarship and extensive illustrations of flags from the author’s collection show how such flags played a significant role in the socialization of Soviet children.

The 100th Volume

This issue represents a landmark in the American Geographical Society's long history: It is the centennial number of the Geographical Review. First published in 1859, the venerable journal went through a series of name and format changes through the years. With its most recent, and enduring, name change in 1916 it moved forward into the twentieth century and now stands upon a proud publication record (Wright 1952,194-195). (1) We want to pause in this special volume to highlight some of the journal's traditional strengths, and also to ponder its future. The Geographical Review editors, the members of its Editorial Board, and the AGS Councillors have composed short essays that will appear throughout the year. In this first issue we feature a pair of essays that consider how the Geographical Review has showcased landscape and place and the importance of the long-term perspective. These topics reflect on a few of the journal's more potent contributions to geographical scholarship and allow us to offer a retrospective view as we launch the centennial volume. The first essay showcases prominent publications on place and landscape that appeared in the journal during the past century and introduced some of the intellectual genetic material that runs through the DNA of more recent contributions. Our authors have also demonstrated the value of a longer-term perspective on geographical phenomena, although, as Andrew Sluyter observes, since the 1980s emphasis has shifted toward the recent past. Our Editorial Board has selected articles that proved particularly formative in their careers, and they offer observations on these influential works in a later issue. In the final issue of the year AGS Councillors will consider established geographical concepts and approaches and speculate on their place in future geographical scholarship. We are confident that a journal like the Geographical Review has a leadership role to play in the years ahead. As we begin a new century under this title, it makes sense to build on our established strengths while embracing new approaches and engaging fresh perspectives. At the seventieth anniversary of the Geographical Review, Editor Douglas McManis noted that hallmarks developed by his predecessors showed highest caliber scholarship, broad-ranging topical coverage, and accessible style of presentation (1976, 1). We seek not only to continue each of those qualities but also to expand the inventory of prominent attributes. In addition, we note the journal's dedication to empirically rich, field-based, and historically deep scholarship. The need for ground-truthed research, with temporal depth and drawn from countries around the globe, remains great. …

The Latin Alexander Trallianus: The Text and Transmission of a Late Latin Medical Book (review)

Reviewed by: The Latin Alexander Trallianus: The Text and Transmission of a Late Latin Medical Book Vivian Nutton D. R. Langslow. The Latin Alexander Trallianus: The Text and Transmission of a Late Latin Medical Book. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. Journal of Roman Studies Monograph No. 10. 2006. xxv + 287 pp. Ill. (ISBN-10: 0-907764-32-0; ISBN-13: 978-0-907764-32-8). To a medical historian, this volume offers both more and less than its title suggests. It is not an edition of the Latin translation of the Greek therapeutic handbook of Alexander of Tralles, although chapter 5 contains a specimen edition of the first eleven chapters of Book II. Nor does the author commit himself at this stage to any specific date or place for the translation, although he hints at Ravenna or Rome in the late sixth or early seventh century. A more definite conclusion can be reached [End Page 388] only after the establishment of better texts, in both Latin and Greek, and that is still some way off. Indeed, one surprising feature of the whole manuscript tradition of Alexander is that the Latin version offers access to an underlying Greek text that is considerably better than that of any surviving Greek manuscript, let alone the printed editions. Puschmann’s editions of 1878–87, which were deservedly praised at the time, are now revealed as seriously defective. The 1556 edition by Guinther von Andernach is described as being full of surprises, not least because Guinther silently retranslated large chunks from Latin into Greek, a practice common then but deprecated today. Future editors of Alexander now have a clear map that will show them the way forward as well as the hazards that lie in wait. They will also be warned against many traditional statements about the life and works of Alexander, a member of a brilliant family from Asia Minor that flourished in the reign of Justinian. Far from living from 525–605 as many authorities state, Alexander may well have died forty or even fifty years earlier, and this book may have been written before 542, for there is no reference to plague. He seems to have visited Spain, Gaul, and Corfu, and there is no reason to doubt that at the end of his life he settled in Rome, which was at this time an outpost of a reinvigorated Byzantine Empire. D. R. Langslow puts his recommendation of “magical” remedies into context but does not emphasize that they appear almost entirely in discussions of a handful of chronic diseases for which ordinary remedies have failed, most notably epilepsy and colic. Langslow’s careful listing of manuscripts and complex discussions of the stemmatics is of major importance for a wider understanding of medicine in early medieval Europe. Compared with the more standardized world of late-medieval university medicine (from which date only a handful of unimportant codices of this treatise), the early tradition shows a great variety of forms and usages. The translation itself is no haphazard summary—in length it differs only slightly from the Greek—but a deliberate practically oriented choice. Whether the arrangement of chapters adopted by the translator represents the original Greek is a moot point, although there is much in its favor. An even bigger surprise is the range of contexts in which sections from the translation appear in other works, some of them antedating the earliest manuscripts. As well as isolated extracts, large sections are incorporated in so-called Salernitan manuals attributed to Petroncellus and Gariopontus, as well as in two books on diseases and the Bamberg Surgery. As Monica Green, Eliza Glaze, and Klaus-Dietrich Fischer have shown, this widespread reuse of material from Alexander forms part of a sophisticated medical culture that was concerned to preserve the best of early practical medicine. This is a model book of careful, deep scholarship that contributes to the revision of traditional ideas about “Dark Age” medicine. It comes as something of a surprise then to find Lynn Thorndike described as “her” (p. 29)—a situation only too familiar to this male reviewer. [End Page 389] Vivian Nutton The Wellcome Centre for the History of Medicine at...

David V. Tiedeman: Engineer of Career Construction

Tiedeman (1919–2004) designed the blueprint for equipping and building career construction theory. After making significant contributions to the statistical analysis of occupational behavior, he shifted to a constructivist epistemology for comprehending careers as the imposition of direction on vocational behavior. The cornerstones of his theoretical edifice unite the concepts that career emerges from self‐organization, purposeful action bridges discontinuity, and decisions evolve through differentiation and integration. His counseling methods help clients reorganize self to better pursue purpose at work and in leisure. Tiedeman's model and methods remain instructive and inspiring to the contemporary theory and practice of career construction.