Deductive Phase Research Articles

Women's experiences and needs concerning care and support during the various phases of childbirth and the postnatal period: Analysis of free-text comments based on Quality from the Patient's Perspective in Sweden.

Positive birth experiences can be a decisive factor in the well-being and future health of both women and their newborns. The quality of care is a multidimensional concept influenced by the external structure of the organization, the administrative qualities of the environment, and the individual patient's preferences about care. The aim was to describe women's preferences and experiences concerning support and treatment, and their perception of quality of care during all phases of labor and the postnatal period. Free-text comments of 635 women from four different open comment questions were analyzed. A qualitative content analysis was conducted in two steps: an inductive phase followed by a deductive phase using the Quality of care from a Patient's Perspective framework (QPP). A total of 1148 free-text comments were coded; and 10 sub-categories were created and inserted under the QPP framework covering the latent meaning of the sub-category. Five of the sub-categories were sorted under the identity-oriented approach, four under physical-technical conditions, and one under the sociocultural atmosphere and reflected the women's experiences and needs regarding support and treatment during early labor, the active phase of labor, and the postnatal period. High-quality care and support are important aspects for women during childbirth, irrespective of the phase of labor or postnatal period. The need for individualized care, active participation in one's own birth and using a family centered approach were also emphasized. Organizational factors influenced the quality of care and were particularly noticeable during birth.

Positive mental health of Latin American university professors: A scientific framework for intervention and improvement

BackgroundThe post-pandemic stage covid-19 has revealed overloads, ambiguities, and conflicts of teachers in the performance of new roles in hybrid classrooms that demanded an urgent adaptation, this highlighted the need for priority attention to the mental health of teachers, however, there are still insufficient studies that transcend the diagnosis and are committed to establish proposals for improvement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish a proposal for the promotion of positive mental health (PMH). METHODS: The study was deployed from a qualitative approach; using an ethnomethodological design that allowed studying how teachers create meanings and sense in their work context, an appreciative interview was conducted with an affirmative theme that allowed teachers to expose their experiences that were systematized and processed with ATLAS. ti software. The application of the interview was conducted online through a Google form, during the months of February and March 2023. Three hundred university professors who experienced the pandemic in universities in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru participated, based on a convenience sampling. RESULTS: The results of the deductive phase confirmed Lluch's PMH theoretical framework; however, new nuances or variations have been identified, which must be considered in the complex and dynamic nature of each PMH factor. From there, the results of the inductive phase allowed revealing emerging concepts, that is, new categories that would have the function of improving the PMH factors, which is why they have been denominated: dynamizing nuclei. PMH dynamizing nuclei are adjustment to work environment, soft skills, work-family balance, self-motivation, self-efficacy, subjective well-being, proactive strategies, engagement, resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, with the results of both phases, the creation of an integrated model was generated, which was evaluated by six experts in a round of feedback, who highlighted the relevance of the findings and offered recommendations that were considered in the study. The new integrated model has revealed an interesting association, since it not only legitimizes the PMH's dynamizing cores, but also informs on which specific factor of the PMH these cores have the greatest impact, which has a high guiding value for intervention and improvement based on focused strategies.

Supports that help me to live well in the community: experiences of people living with schizophrenia.

People with schizophrenia are more likely to be hospitalised than any other psychiatric diagnosis. Occupational therapists working in mental health are often required to assess and recommend supports that will assist people with schizophrenia to live successfully in the community. There is little research exploring consumer perspectives regarding the support they find useful to stay out of the hospital. The aim of this study was to explore what supports people living with schizophrenia identify as helping them to live in the community and stay out of the hospital. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with adult consumers (N = 18) diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were thematically analysed using constant comparative analysis methods. Inductive analysis was followed by a deductive phase of analysis. Participants highlighted personal-, occupational- and environmental-focused supports. Person-focused supports addressed cognitive and psychological needs. Occupation-focused supports included assisting people to manage daily life with a mental illness; engage in social activities; and engage in meaningful activities. Environment-focused supports included access to financial security; accommodation security; and community of choice. In addition to types of support, participants highlighted the importance of quality of support including the need for flexible; timely; and non-judgemental support. These results emphasise the multifaceted nature of support required by people living with schizophrenia to stay out of the hospital. Both type and quality of support are important. People in this study were able to clearly articulate the types and qualities of support that were important to them. Occupational therapists may benefit from greater collaboration with consumers during assessments of support needs and the development of recommendations. Further exploration of how occupational therapists identify people's multifaceted support needs is required.

Developing and Aligning a Safety Event Taxonomy for Inpatient Psychiatry.

The aim of this project was to develop and align an inpatient psychiatric safety event taxonomy that would blend well-established safety events with psychiatry-specific concerns. A hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis was used to generate novel descriptive safety event categories for inpatient psychiatry and align these categories with an established taxonomic framework. In the inductive phase, an initial taxonomy was developed by describing the semantic subject and context of reported safety concerns. In the deductive phase, existing literature, national standards, and local content experts were used to align our taxonomy with the safety event measurement system at our institution. A total of 2291 events were extracted and 483 were analyzed. After thorough review, the data was divided into 4 domains: (1) Provision of care, (2) patient actions, (3) environment/equipment, and (4) safety culture. Each domain reflects a mutually exclusive typology of events and provides a parsimonious view of safety concerns in inpatient psychiatry. Each domain was further divided into categories, subcategories, and subcategory details. Safety events on inpatient psychiatric units are understudied and lack the measurement infrastructure to identify care processes that result in exposure to harm. We develop and align an inpatient psychiatric safety taxonomy based on real-world data, existing literature, and measurement standards. This taxonomy can be used by psychiatric hospitals to improve their patient safety measurement systems-and ultimately-the safety of their patients and communities.

Healthcare access experiences of persons with MS explored through the Candidacy Framework.

Canada has one of the highest rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the world, affecting 1 in every 385 individuals. This neurodegenerative condition is unpredictable and variable in symptom profile and disease course making it difficult to manage. Canadians with MS are high users of healthcare services; however, they report multiple unmet needs, high disease burden, and low satisfaction with healthcare. Access to healthcare is vital to health maintenance and may explain these poor experiences. Access is often measured using utilisation as a proxy, which may fail to capture the complexities of access experiences that this population faces. The Candidacy Framework offers an alternative to utilisation measures, by examining the process of accessing care, while considering the impact of social patterning and health system environments on this process. The aim of the current study is to align the experiences of persons with MS in accessing healthcare services with the stages of the Candidacy Framework. Forty-eight individuals with MS living across Ontario were recruited to participate in one of five focus groups or ten individual interviews. Analysis included a first inductive phase, using constant comparative methods, followed by a deductive phase, using content analysis. The Candidacy Framework was not able to capture all experiences shared by persons with MS, including patient-centred care, past experiences and outcome expectation, and care outcomes. We propose these concepts be included as refinements to the current Framework, providing a more thorough explanation of the experiences of persons with MS in accessing care to manage their condition.

Concepciones sobre innovación educativa. ¿Qué significa para los docentes en Chile?

Resumen:La sociedad del conocimiento, las nuevas reformas y la creciente presión por la mejora escolar han hecho que en Chile sea, más necesario que nunca, innovar en educación. ¿Pero qué entienden los docentes cuando se les exige semejante tarea? El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir de qué manera los docentes de escuelas y liceos en Chile comprenden el concepto de innovación educativa. Para conocer las concepciones de los docentes se han realizado entrevistas estructuradas, cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas de forma inductiva, complementadas con entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de profesores, y puestas en discusión con lo dicho por la literatura experta. El estudio muestra que para los profesores la innovación educativa no es un concepto unívoco, pero que mayoritariamente la conciben como cambios curriculares, necesarios para adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos y los nuevos alumnos, y orientados a la mejora de los aprendizajes. Además, se concibe como cambios aislados, sin existencia o necesidad de procesos formales de crítica posterior o de institucionalización. Los resultados además sugieren que los docentes conciben la innovación educativa desde un paradigma práctico-reflexivo, pero se sienten condicionados por un sistema que apenas está superando un paradigma tecnológico.

Encountering existential loneliness among older people: perspectives of health care professionals

ABSTRACTPurpose: Existential loneliness is part of being human that is little understood in health care, but, to provide good care to their older patients, professionals need to be able to meet their existential concerns. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals’ experiences of their encounters with older people they perceive to experience existential loneliness. Method: We conducted 11 focus groups with 61 health professionals working in home care, nursing home care, palliative care, primary care, hospital care, or pre-hospital care. Our deductive–inductive analytical approach used a theoretical framework based on the work of Emmy van Deurzen in the deductive phase and an interpretative approach in the inductive phase. Results: The results show that professionals perceived existential loneliness to appear in various forms associated with barriers in their encounters, such as the older people’s bodily limitations, demands and needs perceived as insatiable, personal shield of privacy, or fear and difficulty in encountering existential issues. Conclusion: Encountering existential loneliness affected the professionals and their feelings in various ways, but they generally found the experience both challenging and meaningful.

Sustainable infrastructure delivery in Nigeria: implementation of the analytic network process for contractor selection

Purpose: This paper presents research findings that involve the use of analytic network process (ANP) to select contractors for build–operate–transfer (BOT) infrastructure in Nigeria. To deliver sustainable infrastructure (SI), a responsive methodology is required for contractors' selection process, which combines judgement and data for an effective outcomes prediction. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretically grounded on a system theory, sustainable infrastructure delivery (SID) model has been developed in this study. At the deductive phase of the model is the integration of the ANP (a multicriteria decision-making technique) for data synthesis. To obtain decision criteria, 55 sustainability indicators for contractor selection were identified from the literature review. The criteria were first developed to a web-based questionnaire where respondents were requested to rank the importance of the criteria towards selecting contractors that deliver SI, using Likert scale of 1–5 (where “5” is very important and “1” is not important). The results were analysed using factor analysis. Data were further reduced to 16 variables after multicollinearity issues in the data set had been resolved. To weigh the relative importance of the 16 criteria among contractors, ANP methodology was adopted for the second-round questionnaire. The seven-man decision panel that completed the pairwise comparison survey was selected through a purposeful sampling technique. The final survey results were synthesised by Super Decisions (computer package that implements ANP) trial version to rank contractors' options and predict outcomes. Findings/results: Sensitivity analysis of the research findings reveals that the 16 criteria have differential comparative advantages, which requires critical judgement during contractor's pre-evaluation process. Although the overall priorities rank multinational construction corporations (MCC) higher than local construction companies (LCC), MCC are not absolute to deliver SI. LCC are sensitive to some key criteria that are critical to the actualisation SI agenda. Originality/value: This study fills the gap in the knowledge of SID in Nigeria. The study theoretically suggests a framework to harmonise sustainability indicators in contractor selection. The findings further provide feedbacks that can be incorporated to Government's Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) procurement policy to promote SID.

Who Makes an Effective Negotiator? A Personality-Theoretic Approach to a Longstanding Question

This research takes a new perspective on the longstanding mystery of personality in negotiation, which has been met with decades of null and inconsistent findings. Grounded in interactionist theories of personality, the investigation had two complementary phases. In the inductive phase (Study 1), the authors generated a list of fine-grained negotiation behavioral processes that have been explored in past work, and established which ones were consistent at the individual level from one encounter to the next. Examining the consistent behaviors that predicted negotiation performance, a major theme emerged: Asserting the Self. The deductive phase (Study 2) brought the investigation full circle into the realm of personality traits. Grounded in the inductive theme that emerged in Study 1, a cluster of lower-order personality factors was chosen, and these thematically-related traits were unusually strong predictors of negotiation performance. The higher-order big five personality traits were not similarly good predictors. We conclude that there are meaningful associations between personality and negotiation performance, particularly when examining theoretically-derived clusters of traits based on the behaviors that are both effective and consistent across individuals.

How to build up the actionable knowledge base: the role of ‘best fit’ framework synthesis for studies of improvement in healthcare

Increasing recognition of the role and value of theory in improvement work in healthcare offers the prospect of capitalising upon, and consolidating, actionable lessons from synthesis of improvement projects and...

The identification and research of product and service innovations: a microanalysis approach

The objective of the present study is to deepen the understanding of tangible (material) product concepts and intangible (immaterial) service concepts as well as the interconnections between them. The study utilises a microanalysis approach and a case study on a wrist computer for athletes is conducted. In the inductive phase of the present study, innovation matrixes are developed to help deconstruct the product concept and the service concept of the case example into their basic characteristics. In the deductive phase of the present study, the interconnections between the basic characteristics of the product concept and the service concept of the case example are analysed based on sources of value adding regarding technology, usage, service and processes.

Proof-analysis and Continuity

During the first phase of Greek mathematics a proof consisted in showing or making visible the truth of a statement. This was the epagogic method. This first phase was followed by an apagogic or deductive phase. During this phase visual evidence was rejected and Greek mathematics became a deductive system. Now epagoge and apagoge, apart from being distinguished, roughly according to the modern distinction between inductive and deductive procedures, were also identified on account of the conception of generality as continuity. Epistemology of mathematics today only remembers the distinction, forgetting where they agreed, in this manner not only destroying the unity of the perceptual and conceptual but also forgetting what could be gained from Aristotelian demonstrative science.

The deductive phase of statistical analysis via predictive simulations: test, validation and control of a linear model with autocorrelated errors representing a food process

Statistical analysis consists of two phases: induction for model parameter estimation and deduction to make decisions on the basis of the statistical model. In the Bayesian context, predictive analysis is the key concept to perform the deductive phase. In that context, Monte-Carlo posterior simulations are shown to be extremely valuable tools to achieve for instance model selection and model checking. Example of predictive analysis by simulation is detailed for the linear model with Autocorrelated Errors which has been beforehand estimated by Gibbs sampling. Numerical illustrations are then given for a food process with data collected on line. Special attention is cast on the control of its anticipated behavior under uncertainty within Bayesian decision theory.

The Logical Method of Science

The necessity of assumed postulates as bases for every conclusion of human thought is illustrated by C. S. Peirce's four methods of fixing belief. By the logic of science, basic assumptions are adopted consciously as working postulates; they find justification in their workability and not in any fancied universality or necessity. Hypothetic inference, the unique tool of scientific logic, is not self-sufficient, but relies on both induction and deduction. The deductive phase of scientific procedure is often overlooked, which oversight may become a temptation to dogmatism; likewise, induction is frequently relied on to play more than its legitimate role, that of carrying the investigator to the stage of hypothesis. The logic of science pursues a method that is little more than an elaboration of the method of common sense. Mr. Bryan's quarrel with science is at heart a conflict between Aristotelian logic and the logic of science, a fact which scientists themselves have been slow to grasp. An appeal to the lo...