Data Decryption Research Articles

A Urease-Containing Fluorescent Hydrogel for Transient Information Storage.

The improper handling of decrypted information can lead to the leakage of confidential data. Thus, there is increasing interest in the development of self-erasing decrypted data. Herein, we report a urease-containing fluorescent hydrogel for multistage information security protection. Information can be input into the fluorescent hydrogel, which is based on the protonated 4-(N,N-dimethylaminoethylene) amino-N-allyl-1,8-naphthalimide (DEAN-H+ ) and doped with urease, using metal ions, such as Zn2+ that coordinate with DEAN. Upon exposure to urea, urease produces NH3 , which reduces the fluorescence of the hydrogel. In the presence of urea, metal-coordinated hydrogel fluorescence decreases more slowly than the fluorescence of the hydrogel alone, revealing the information. The displayed information is then automatically erased within a few minutes. This work opens up a new insights in designing and fabricating information storage materials.

WITHDRAWN: Transmitting data in a secure way using double protection encryption scheme

Abstract This proposed system introduces a new double protection data dividing and equal with system in cloud environment. This proposed system maintains the patient’s encrypted medical reports to cloud data base with specification based distribute encryption (SBDI) technique, and it is to be shared to a consulting group in a sound and protective approach. It takes characteristic -based action on text data decryption mechanism, which empower the consultant to access the patient’s record without discharging any users relevant information. Further, it provides a resume checking system using specification based distribute encryption that helps users to find consultation in a secured way, and attain their easy approved way on the protected medical reports.

A new approach of ECG steganography and prediction using deep learning

In this paper, a new approach of ECG steganography of hiding patient’s confidential information is proposed. As steganography results in distortion within the ECG signal which hampers the clinical features, in this work, encryption was performed within TP-segment of ECG. Additionally, segment classification and feature extraction were used for data concealing within normal TP-segments, while keeping abnormal segments unaffected. To reduce the computational complexity and execution time, encryption was performed in time domain signal, using a new approach. Finally, after decryption of hidden data, to predict original sample values of modified TP-segments, a long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) was used which efficiently reduced the error between the original and predicted signal. This algorithm was successfully implemented on mitdb, ptbdb and European ST-T database, available in physionet and percent root mean square difference (PRD), PRD normalized (PRDN) were obtained less than 1% along with signal to noise ratio (SNR) and peak SNR (PSNR) more than 80 dB. It was observed that this algorithm provided better result among other frequency domain techniques and recently published works.

Chaotic-map based authenticated security framework with privacy preservation for remote point-of-care.

The challenge of COVID-19 has become more prevalent across the world. It is highly demanding an intelligent strategy to outline the precaution measures until the clinical trials find a successful vaccine. With technological advancement, Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) has extended its significant role in the development of remote medical point-of-care (RM-PoC). WMSN is generally located on a communication device to sense the vital signaling information that may periodically be transmitted to remote intelligent pouch This modern remote system finds a suitable professional system to inspect the environment condition remotely in order to facilitate the intelligent process. In the past, the RM-PoC has gained more attention for the exploitation of real-time monitoring, treatment follow-up, and action report generation. Even though it has additional advantages in comparison with conventional systems, issues such as security and privacy are seriously considered to protect the modern system information over insecure public networks. Therefore, this study presents a novel Single User Sign-In (SUSI) Mechanism that makes certain of privacy preservation to ensure better protection of multimedia data. It can be achieved over the negotiation of a shared session-key to perform encryption or decryption of sensitive data during the authentication phase. To comply with key agreement properties such as appropriate mutual authentication and secure session key-agreement, a proposed system design is incorporated into the chaotic-map. The above assumption claims that it can not only achieve better security efficiencies but also can moderate the computation, communication, and storage cost of some intelligent systems as compared to elliptic-curve cryptography or RSA. Importantly, in order to offer untraceability and user anonymity, the RM-PoC acquires dynamic identities from proposed SUSI. Moreover, the security efficiencies of proposed SUSI are demonstrated using informal and formal analysis of the real-or-random (RoR) model. Lastly, a simulation study using NS3 is extensively conducted to analyze the communication metrics such as transmission delay, throughput rate, and packet delivery ratio that demonstrates the significance of the proposed SUSI scheme.

Enhancing multi‐tenancy security in the cloud computing using hybrid ECC‐based data encryption approach

In this study, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is elected for tenant authentication, data encryption, and data decryption due to its minimum key size. The proposed ECC-based authentication approach allows the authorised person to access private data; it protects different related attacks effectively. To develop more secure data encryption, the authors have combined a nature-inspired optimisation, such as a moth search algorithm (MSA) with ECC, to select the correct and optimal value of the elliptic curve. The proposed encryption and decryption approach combines DNA encoding with the ECC encryption algorithm. The mechanism of DNA encoded ECC provided multi-level security with less computational power. The security analysis of the proposed method has been provided to prove its effectiveness against certain attacks, such as denial-of-service attack, impersonation attack, reply attack, plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack. The experimental result is evaluated based on encryption time, decryption time, throughput and key size of the security model. The average execution time of the proposed encryption and decryption is only 83.153 and 86.076 s, respectively. From the evaluation, it is clearly determined that the proposed technique provides two-layer security with minimum key size and less storage space.

Optimal Cryptography Scheme and Efficient Neutrosophic C-Means Clustering for Anomaly Detection in Cloud Environment

This paper introduces an efficient and scalable cloud-based privacy preserving model using a new optimal cryptography scheme for anomaly detection in large-scale sensor data. Our proposed privacy preserving model has maintained a better tradeoff between reliability and scalability of the cloud computing resources by means of detecting anomalies from the encrypted data. Conventional data analysis methods have used complex and large numerical computations for the anomaly detection. Also, a single key used by the symmetric key cryptographic scheme to encrypt and decrypt the data has faced large computational complexity because the multiple users can access the original data simultaneously using this single shared secret key. Hence, a classical public key encryption technique called RSA is adopted to perform encryption and decryption of secure data using different key pairs. Furthermore, the random generation of public keys in RSA is controlled in the proposed cloud-based privacy preserving model through optimizing a public key using a new hybrid local pollination-based grey wolf optimizer (LPGWO) algorithm. For ease of convenience, a single private server handling the organization data within a collaborative public cloud data center when requiring the decryption of secure sensor data are allowed to decrypt the optimal secure data using LPGWO-based RSA optimal cryptographic scheme. The data encrypted using an optimal cryptographic scheme are then encouraged to perform data clustering computations in collaborative public servers of cloud platform using Neutrosophic c-Means Clustering (NCM) algorithm. Hence, this NCM algorithm mainly focuses for data partitioning and classification of anomalies. Experimental validation was conducted using four datasets obtained from Intel laboratory having publicly available sensor data. The experimental outcomes have proved the efficiency of the proposed framework in providing data privacy with high anomaly detection accuracy.

A methodology for the decryption of encrypted smartphone backup data on android platform: A case study on the latest samsung smartphone backup system

Backups on smartphones protect user data from the risk of data corruption and loss by storing personal information, media data, application data, and other settings. Although backups were originally designed to maintain and protect user data, these data can be important in criminal investigations requiring the verification of suspect behavior-related information at the time of an incident. However, backup data are often encrypted by each manufacturer using different scheme to protect user privacy. Since the encryption acts as a disturbance to the use of backup data in investigations, it is necessary to decrypt backup data by analyzing the encryption schemes of each manufacturer.In this paper, we propose a widely applicable methodology that efficiently analyzes various encryption backup schemes. Our methodology checks the backup features, identifies the backup data, and their encrypting locations reverses encryption schemes used in the backup and finally decrypts encrypted backup data. As a case study, we apply our methodology to the latest Samsung smartphone backup system consisting of a Samsung SmartSwitch Mobile and a Samsung SmartSwitch PC. We acquired the backup data including the encrypted data generated by the Samsung smartphone backup in plain form, and revealed a technique to recover the Personal Identification Number (PIN) used for encryption through the authenticator included in the backup data. We also identified, through reverse engineering, a hidden feature that could be used to extract more data than was possible using the normal backup. Finally, we developed a decryption tool to verify that the encrypted backup data were correctly decrypted. Although, in this paper, we focused on the Samsung smartphone backup, our methodology could be applied to any smartphone backup system on Android platform. We believe that our work will be very helpful to mobile investigators.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: HERDE-MSNB: a predictive security architecture for IoT health cloud system

The application of IoT in the several fields is extending due to its simple and robust functionality. Especially, with the advent of the IoT-cloud based devices, IoT are established in the field that process very high amount of data. The health care system is one of the emerging applications of the IoT-Cloud. Many research works are carried out in ensuring the privacy of the patient data. The main issues in the IoT-cloud based health system remains on the security of data along with computation overheads. Predicting disease using patient data from the IoT device is another demanding aspect of health systems. In this research work, a novel Homomorphic Encryption with Random Diagonal Elliptical curve cryptography integrated with Multi-nomial smoothing Naive Bayes (HERDE-MSNB) is proposed to provide the effective security and predict the disease over patient data in the IoT Health Cloud system. The cryptic framework in the proposed architecture involves the encryption and decryption of the patient data along with key words through the HERDE algorithm. The Medicinal person deciphers the encrypted data and performs the prediction through the MSNB model. The UCI repository dataset is employed to predict the performance of the security and prediction model. From the analysis it is observed that the proposed architecture is effective in providing security and disease prediction than the existing models with less processing time, computational cost and increased accuracy. The future work may include all aspects of the dataset with robust prediction model.

A Secure and Fine-Grained Big Data Access Control Scheme for Cloud-Based Services

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the Internet. Nowadays, access control is one of the most critical problems with cloud computing. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising encryption technique that enables end-users to encrypt their data under the access policies defined over some attributes of data consumers and only allows data consumers whose attributes satisfy the access policies to decrypt the data. In CP-ABE, the access policy is attached to the ciphertext in plaintext form, which may also leak some private information about end-users. Existing methods only partially hide the attribute values in the access policies, while the attribute names are still unprotected. This paper proposes an efficient and fine-grained big data access control scheme with privacy-preserving policy. Specifically, it hides the whole attribute (rather than only its values) in the access policies. To assist data decryption, it designs an algorithm called Attribute Bloom Filter to evaluate whether an attribute is in the access policy and locate the exact position in the access policy if it is in the access policy. The paper also deals with offline attribute guessing attack. Security analysis and performance evaluation show that this scheme can preserve the privacy from any LSSS access policy without employing much overhead.

Data Encryption and Decryption by Using Hill Cipher Algorithm

The core of Hill-cipher is matrix manipulations. It is a multi-letter cipher, for decryption the inverse of matrix requires and inverse of the matrix doesn’t always exist. Then if the matrix is not invertible then encrypted text cannot be decrypted. However, a drawback of this algorithm is overcome by use of self-repetitive matrix. This matrix if multiplied with itself for a given mod value (i.e. mod value of the matrix is taken after every multiplication) will eventually result in an identity matrix after N multiplications. So, after N+ 1 multiplication the matrix will repeat itself. Hence, it derives its name i.e. self-repetitive matrix. It should be non-singular square matrix. Key words : Hill Cipher Algorithm, Self-Repetitive Matrix and Inverse Matrix DOI: 10.7176/NCS/11-02 Publication date: July 31st 2020

A Secure Privacy Preserving Cloud-based Framework for Sharing Electronic Health Data.

There exists a need for sharing user health data, especially with institutes for research purposes, in a secure fashion. This is especially true in the case of a system that includes a third party storage service, such as cloud computing, which limits the control of the data owner. The use of encryption for secure data storage continues to evolve to meet the need for flexible and fine-grained access control. This evolution has led to the development of Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). The use of ABE to ensure the security and privacy of health data has been explored. This paper presents an ABE based framework which allows for the secure outsourcing of the more computationally intensive processes for data decryption to the cloud servers. This reduces the time needed for decryption to occur at the user end and reduces the amount of computational power needed by users to access data.

Dragon Crypto – An Innovative Cryptosystem

In recent years cyber-attacks are continuously developing. This means that hackers can find their way around the traditional cryptosystems. This calls for new and more secure cryptosystems to take their place. This paper outlines a new cryptosystem based on the dragon curve fractal. The security level of this scheme is based on multiple private keys, that are crucial for effective encryption and decryption of data. This paper discusses, how core concepts emerging from fractal geometry can be used as a trapdoor function for this cryptosystem.

A safe and secured iris template using steganography and cryptography

This study combines Cryptography (Twofish and Triple data decryption (3DES)) algorithms and Steganography (Least Significant Bits) to solve the problem of attacking or hacking biometric template for a malicious act, which has become a huge problem in the iris recognition system. Twofish and Triple data encryption are good and secured cryptography algorithms which are used to change readable secret data (plain image) into an unreadable format (cipher image) while least significant bits (LSB) is a steganography algorithm which embeds ciphertext/image directly into a cover image to produce an image known as stego image. In this work, Hough transform, Daugman rubber-sheet model and Log Gabor filter were used for iris image segmentation, normalization and feature extraction and the iris template generated was encrypted using 3DES and Twofish algorithms. The cipher image was then embedded into a cover image to produce stego image using LSB. The result of this work slightly changes the master file after embedding the secret image (stego file) that cannot be identified by the physical eyes and only a JPEG image was used as the master or cover file. The two levels of security technique provide high embedded capacity and eminence stego images that will able to withstand attackers.

Secure Communication with Blowfish Cryptography for Data Sharing on Cloud using Android Devices

Communication over desktop applications and mobile applications has been increased. Requirement that the information security is very significant. This document is about encoding or decryption of text data from applications using block cipher called 64/128 Blowfish bit to extend security while sending data to the cloud. It rounds 16 times to and the key length must be multiples of 8. Java has accustomed implement a blowfish algorithm, in android programming and checking Blowfish encryption performance with other encryption algorithms based on network and energy usage. The proposed algorithm is meant using android(java).

Implementasi Metode Caesar Cipher dalam Penerapan Sistem E-Voting Berbasis Web pada Pemilihan Abang None Jakarta

In this increasingly modern era, technology has become a must in improving performance in every organization and various other activities. One example of the application of technology that will be explained in this research is the design of a web-based e-voting system in the election of Abang None Jakarta by inserting an E-KTP numbers to be able to cast a vote in the election. Previously, the selection of Abang None Jakarta still uses SMS voting system that is considered to be less effective because the use of credits is considered more wasteful than the use of internet quota. In developing this web-based e-voting system, the researcher uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method and the Caesar Cipher algorithm method for voter data security. Besides that, the Gateaway SMS system is used to prevent any voter who uses someone else's E-KTP before casting a vote in an election. The e-voting system is made using the PHP and Xampp programming languages as its database. The e-voting system is expected to be used in making a transparent decision, speeding up the voting counting process, saving costs and preventing fraud when implementing e-voting in the election of Abang None Jakarta. The results of research is proven successful in terms of both the use of the web to conduct the election and the use of security in encryption and decryption of user data.

Providing enhanced security in IoT based smart weather system

Weather reporting system consist multiple devices which are playing dynamic role in producing dynamic environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pollution. It was a tedious task to bring all the devices together and make them interleaving to produce relevant measurement. Recent trends have proven that the IoT has brought all the devices and peripherals in one place to make more flexible and smart measurement. In the traditional weather monitoring system measurement method is not real time, not continuous and also tedious job to take continuous measurement. But, the IoT has completely changed the measurement scenario and improved the consistency of the measurement. In the present work the environmental parameters such rainfall, temperature, humidity, and density of carbon dioxide in the air are measured with sensors. The Arduino Uno card gathers all information from the devices which are associated with its port pins. The information is sent to cloud server for record and future retrieving. At the same time the data security in cloud been assured with encryption and decryption data while retrieving the information from cloud. This enhances the security, ease of accessing the cloud data from mobile applications, provides wise predictions and minimizes the communication overhead.

Implementation and Analysis of IP Tunnel in Virtual Private Networks

In Virtual Private Network tunneling is designed to examine the performance of Private network for transferring the data. It implements and analysis the IP tunnel in Virtual Private Network (VPN). Tunneling is a method that is used to transfer the data or packet of one protocol using different network communication mediums of another protocol. This research is emphasized to examine the performance of Private network using tunneling for the transfer of data. Basically tunneling is used to send a packet, data or traffic of one protocol using an intermediate structure of another protocol. It is called as the process of encapsulation, transmission, over different types of secured networks as encapsulation and security is one of the procedure within this network provides security .This paper gives overview of a Virtual Private Network with IP Tunnel. Virtual private Network generates a secure encryption and decryption of data with the help of IP tunneling at end points. Basically VPN routes through the internet from a private network to transferring the data from one end (source) to other end (destination). With the help of tunneling and VPN user can check the working of different parameters under various applications.

Attacking Key Management in Ransomware

Ransomware have observed a steady growth over the years with several concerning trends that indicate efficient, targeted attacks against organizations and individuals alike. These opportunistic attackers indiscriminately target both public and private sector entities to maximize gain. In this article, we highlight the criticality of key management in ransomware's cryptosystem in order to facilitate building effective solutions against this threat. We introduce the ransomware kill chain to elucidate the path our adversaries must take to attain their malicious objective. We examine current solutions presented against ransomware in light of this kill chain and specify which constraints on ransomware are being violated by the existing solutions. Finally, we present the notion of memory attacks against ransomware's key management and present our initial experiments with dynamically extracting decryption keys from real-world ransomware. Results of our preliminary research are promising and the extracted keys were successfully deployed in subsequent data decryption.

Secure Distributed Data using Multi-Cloud

Implementing cloud computing provides many paths for web-based service. But, data security and privacy requirement become an important problem that limits several cloud applications. One of the key security and privacy concerns is the fact that cloud service suppliers have access to data. This concern greatly reduces the usability of cloud computing in many areas, such as financial business and government agencies. This paper focuses on this important issue and suggests a new approach, so cloud providers cannot directly access data. The proposed approach is divided into two sides: upload side and download side. In upload side, there is three stages, at the first stage; the transmitted file is splitted and then encrypted in order to achieve the data security requirement. At the second stage, the splitted data are integrity checked by MD5 algorithm, in order to achieve integrity requirement. At the third stage, the checked splitted data are stored separately in three -clouds, in order to achieve distribution requirement. In download side, also there is three stages. At the first stage, the data is retrieved from the three-clouds. At the second stage, data integrity is performed using MD5. At the third stage, data decryption and merging are done. The proposed approach is successfully implemented on (25 KB) image. The proposed model is successfully implemented in uploading side dependent on shares3 because provide high security with total time of (8.144 sec), and in downloading side with total side of (9.42).

Revocable identity-based encryption with server-aided ciphertext evolution

The utmost important problem in identity-based cryptosystems is the issue of user revocation. One of the existing solutions in the literature is to issue extra time keys periodically for every non-revoked user over public channels. Unfortunately, this solution is inefficient and very impractical when applying to the cloud. Because the scheme requires different time keys to allow data decryption for different time periods, and therefore the user has to keep a long list of time keys, which grows linearly with time. Furthermore, it is worth noting that ciphertexts produced prior to the revocation will remain available to the revoked users, which is undesirable for most application scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work that can solve both the aforementioned problems simultaneously in a practical manner. In this paper, we present an efficient solution called ciphertext evolution. The ciphertexts evolve to new ones with cloud's aid and the old ones are deleted. At any time, the data user has to utilize its current decryption key to decrypt ciphertexts in the cloud. So, all the past time keys become invalid and the user only needs to keep the current one. If the user is revoked, it cannot decrypt any ciphertext in the cloud because it does not have the current time key. We present generic and concrete constructions of revocable identity-based encryption with ciphertext evolution (RIBE-CE), which are proven based on the IND-CPA security model. Subsequently, we also extend RIBE-CE to the broadcast setting by giving generic and concrete constructions of revocable identity-based broadcast encryption with ciphertext evolution, which are secure under the IND-sID-CPA security model. Our schemes can be applied to the (group) data sharing, which is very practical and applicable to the cloud setting.