Decreased Blood Cholesterol Research Articles

Effect of replacing cottonseed meal with fenugreek seed meal on feed intake, digestibility, growth, blood parameters and economics of fattening lambs

The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the partial or complete replacement of cotton seed meal (CSM) with fenugreek seed meal (FSM) on chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, the growth performance and economic efficiency of growing lambs. Thirty-two male Ossimi lambs weighing 42±0.7 kg, and 210±7 d were divided randomly into four experimental groups of eight lambs each. Lambs were fed four diets containing 40 % berseem clover and 60 % concentrate feed mixture. Cotton seed meal was replaced with FSM at 0 % (FSM0; control treatment), 50 % (FSM50 treatment), 75 % (FSM75 treatment) or 100 % (FSM100 treatment). The experiment was lasted for 105 d consisting of 15 d for adaptation and 90 days for measurements. The replacement did not affect crude protein (CP) or gross energy (GE) of the diets. However, the concentrations of individual amino acids and polyphenols differed between CSM and FSM. Diets containing FSM reduced the in vitro methane production (P=0.024) by 30–41.1 %, and nutrient degradability (P<0.05). The highest DM intake was observed (quadratic effect, P<0.001) with lambs fed the FSM50 diet (1.68 kg DM), which also showed the highest final body weight (65.5 kg) (quadratic effect, P=0.045), total weight gain (22.6 kg) (quadratic effect, P=0.034), and daily weight gain (251.1 g) (quadratic effect, P=0.033). Higher organic matter digestibility (∼ 69.4 %) was observed (quadratic effect, P=0.016) with the lambs of FSM50 treatment (P<0.05). Replacing CSM with FSM linearly increased (P=0.024) blood antioxidant activity and decreased blood cholesterol (P=0.022), triglycerides (P=0.035) and high-density lipoprotein (P=0.034) compared to the control treatment. The highest relative percentage of net revenue was observed with the FSM50 diet (131 %) while the lowest one was observed (P=0.011) with the FSM100 diet (92.9 %). It is concluded that CSM can be replaced with FSM at 50 % in diets of growing lambs for better performance and economic efficiency.

Apolipoprotein O modulates cholesterol metabolism via NRF2/CYB5R3 independent of LDL receptor

Apolipoprotein O (APOO) plays a critical intracellular role in regulating lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the roles of APOO in metabolism and atherogenesis in mice. Hepatic APOO expression was increased in response to hyperlipidemia but was inhibited after simvastatin treatment. Using a novel APOO global knockout (Apoo−/−) model, it was found that APOO depletion aggravated diet-induced obesity and elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Upon crossing with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) knockout hyperlipidemic mouse models, Apoo−/−Apoe−/− and Apoo−/−Ldlr−/− mice exhibited elevated plasma cholesterol levels, with more severe atherosclerotic lesions than littermate controls. This indicated the effects of APOO on cholesterol metabolism independent of LDLR and APOE. Moreover, APOO deficiency reduced cholesterol excretion through bile and feces while decreasing phospholipid unsaturation by inhibiting NRF2 and CYB5R3. Restoration of CYB5R3 expression in vivo by adeno-associated virus (AAV) injection reversed the reduced degree of phospholipid unsaturation while decreasing blood cholesterol levels. This represents the first in vivo experimental validation of the role of APOO in plasma cholesterol metabolism independent of LDLR and elucidates a previously unrecognized cholesterol metabolism pathway involving NRF2/CYB5R3. APOO may be a metabolic regulator of total-body cholesterol homeostasis and a target for atherosclerosis management.Apolipoprotein O (APOO) regulates plasma cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis through a pathway involving CYB5R3 that regulates biliary and fecal cholesterol excretion, independently of the LDL receptor. In addition, down-regulation of APOO may lead to impaired mitochondrial function, which in turn aggravates diet-induced obesity and fat accumulation.

Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.

Abstract The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanol extract of C. bursa-pastoris (ECbp) in streptozotocin (STZ)-provoked diabetic rats was evaluated, and compounds with their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential were isolated. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into rats for diabetes induction. In diabetic rats, ECbp (0.2 g/kg b.w, p.o.) was administered orally for 21 days, and its outcome on blood glucose levels and body weight was observed on a weekly basis besides lipid profile. Compound isolation from ECbp was performed using column chromatography. Oral feeding of ECbp did not produce any toxic effects or death at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight. A serum glucose reduction trend was observed in rats fed with glucose pre-treated with 200 mg/kg b.w. ECbp also appreciably (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.01, and p &lt; 0.05) diminished raised blood glucose with decreased blood cholesterol levels and led to increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in comparison to diabetic control rats. Body weight levels were considerably higher (p &lt; 0.05) in diabetic rats treated with ECbp than in diabetic control rats. Isolation of two terpene derivatives (ECbp-1 and ECbp-2) was performed using ECbp, which exhibits significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.

Development of a tamarind-based functional beverage with partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup and the health effects of its consumption in C57BL/6 mice

Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20–35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.

A 24-Week, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial Comparing the Effects of Xuezhikang and Atorvastatin on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Prediabetes (XTREME Study): Design of the Study Protocol

Background: Statins, a first-line therapeutic option for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), have prompted concerns regarding dysglycemia and diabetes, thus posing a dilemma in treating patients with prediabetes. Xuezhikang (XZK) decreases blood cholesterol levels without affecting glucose metabolism, and may serve as a potential substitute. Methods: The XTREME study is a prospective, randomized, open-label, multi-center trial evaluating whether XZK 1200 mg/d, compared with atorvastatin 20 mg/d, has favorable effects on HbA1c levels after 24 weeks of treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and prediabetes. After a 1-week run-in period for adherence assessment, the study will randomly assign (1:1) 392 patients meeting the protocol inclusion criteria to one of two treatment groups: an experimental group (XZK 1200 mg/day) or a control group (atorvastatin 20 mg/day). All participants will be recruited from approximately 20 Chinese medical centers. The last participant is planned to be recruited before December 2023. The primary endpoint will be change in HbA1c level from baseline to 24 weeks, or before anti-diabetic therapy initiation within 24 weeks. The key secondary outcomes will include other biomarkers reflecting blood glucose or lipid metabolism. Discussion: Delaying diabetes is desirable for individuals with prediabetes. The XTREME trial presents a unique opportunity to demonstrate whether XZK might provide an alternative to statins for patients with dyslipidemia and prediabetes.

GC-MS analysis of organic fractions of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. and their prokinetic propensity in animal models.

Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. is herbaceous, monecious annual plant used traditionally to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential acute toxicity, and emetic activity present in the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (EAFCT) and dichloromethane fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (DCMFCT). The compounds detected in both fractions were mostly fatty acids, with about seven compounds in EAFCT and 10 in DCMFCT. These included pharmacologically active compounds such as imipramine, used to treat depression, or hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, an antioxidant, nematicide, pesticide, hypocholesterolemic, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- is used as a cancer preventive, antiarthritic, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, insectifuge, nematicide, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester have antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, 10-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester have the property to decrease blood cholesterol, Antioxidant and antimicrobial, 1-Eicosanol is used as an antibacterial, 1-Hexadecene has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Both DCMFCT and EAFCT fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values of 10 µg and 130 µg, respectively. Both the fractions were found to be toxic in a dose-dependent manner, inducing emesis at 0.5g onward and lethargy and mortality from 3-5 g upwards. Both the fractions combined with distilled water showed highly emetic activity. The significant increase in the number of vomits was shown by EAFCT plus distilled water which are 7.50±1.29, 7.25±3.10, and 11.75±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2g, and 3g/kg concentration respectively, while DCMFCT plus distilled water showed 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52 and 10.25±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg correspondingly. The antiemetic standard drug metoclopramide has a higher impact against the emesis induced by both the fractions than dimenhydrinate. Metoclopramide decreases the number of vomits caused by EAFCT to 1.00±0.00, 2.00±0.00, 4.00±1.00 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg sequentially, while dimenhydrinate decreases the number of vomits to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.15, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g respectively. In the same way, Metochloprimide decreases the number of emesis caused by DcmCt from 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52, 10.25±2.22 to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.1, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg concentrations. The present study is the first documented report that scientifically validates the folkloric use of Chrozophora tinctoria as an emetic agent.

Effect of Diet Fortified with Okra Powder on Blood Quality in Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions

An experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Resources-College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period from 10/10/2022 to 11/13/2022. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of adding okra fruits powder or seeds to the diet on some productive traits of broiler under Daily temperature stress conditions. 360 unsexed broiler chicks, Rose 308 hybrid, one day old, with an average weight of 37 g/chick were used. The chicks were fed on three diets that are from the age of 1 day-10 days, the second diet from the age of 11 days-24 days, and the third diet from the age of 25 days-35 days. The energy level of the three diets, respectively, was 3015, 3081, 3210 kcol / kg, and the protein level was 23.11, 21.51. 19.58 The one-day old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 4 replications 15 chicks each. The treatments were T1 the control (standard diet), T2 ration with okra seed powder 5 g/Kg feed, T3 was okra seed powder by 10 g/Kg feed, T4 was with okra fruit powder by 5 g/Kg feed, T5 was okra fruit powder at 10 g/Kg of feed, and T6 ration with 5 g seed powder + 5 g of fruit powder. The results showed that adding powdered okra fruits or seeds to the chicken diet affected blood quality. Compared with the control treatment, a significant increase in the concentration of the SOD enzyme was recorded in T6, T5, and T3 treatments, a significant decrease in the concentration of MAD enzyme in all treatments, and a significant decrease in the H/L cells ratio in the chicks of the two treatments T5 and T3 compared to the control T1, as the other treatments did not differ. Most of the treatments containing okra powder recorded a significant decrease in blood glucose especially for treatment T5, with a significant difference from all treatments that differed from T1. The blood content of total protein increased in the T6, T5, T4, and T3 treatments compared to the control T1 and T2. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of uric acid for all the treatments and a higher significant decrease in blood cholesterol for T6 chicks compared to the control.

The role of KLF2 in regulating hepatic lipogenesis and blood cholesterol homeostasis via the SCAP/SREBP pathway

Liver steatosis is a common metabolic disorder resulting from imbalanced lipid metabolism, which involves various processes such as de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and VLDL secretion. In this study, we discovered that KLF2, a transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism in the liver. Overexpression of KLF2 in the liver of db/db mice, C57BL/6J mice, and Cd36-/- mice fed on a normal diet resulted in increased lipid content in the liver. Additionally, transgenic mice (ALB-Klf2) that overexpressed Klf2 in the liver developed liver steatosis after being fed a normal diet. We found that KLF2 promotes lipogenesis by increasing the expression of SCAP, a chaperone that facilitates the activation of SREBP, the master transcription factor for lipogenic gene expression. Our mechanism studies revealed that KLF2 enhances lipogenesis in the liver by binding to the promoter of SCAP and increasing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Reduction of KLF2 expression led to a decrease in SCAP expression and a reduction in the expression of SREBP1 target genes involved in lipogenesis. Overexpression of KLF2 also increased the activation of SREBP2 and the mRNA levels of its downstream target SOAT1. In C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet, overexpression of Klf2 increased blood VLDL secretion, while reducing its expression decreased blood cholesterol levels. Our study emphasizes the novelty that hepatic KLF2 plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism through the KLF2/SCAP/SREBPs pathway, which is essential for hepatic lipogenesis and maintaining blood cholesterol homeostasis.

Dried cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste meal decreases blood cholesterol but does not alter growth performance, and physiological indices of weaned pigs

The study investigated the potentials of dried cabbage waste meal (DCWM) on growth performance, blood biochemical characteristics, physiological indices, and economics of production of weaned pigs. Ninety crossbred (Large white X Landrace; 8.01 ± 0.18 kg body weight) clinically certified weaned pigs of equal sexes were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments containing DCWM. Each treatment consisted of 18 pigs replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 (control diet) contained no DCWM whereas diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg levels of inclusion of DCWM, respectively, replacing parts of the feed. The study lasted for 8-weeks. Feed and water were available ad-libitum. Average daily feed intake (715.76–780.03 g/d) increased (p < 0.05) while average daily weight (294.17–301.74 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (2.39–2.65) were similar (p > 0.05). White blood cell (12.11–14.62 × 109/L), lymphocytes (62.93–70.30%), Uric acid (7.74–9.99 mmol/L), HDL (0.89–1.27 mmol/L) and K (130.90–145.72 mmol/L) concentrations increased (p < 0.05) whereas cholesterol (2.30–5.06 mmol/L) and triglyceride (0.33–0.87 mmol/L) concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) in response to increased DCWM in the diets. Total cost of feeding ($17.96–20.89) reduced (p < 0.05) while gross benefits ($48.97–52.30) were significantly better (p < 0.05) for pigs fed 100, 150 and 200 g/kg DCWM compared to those fed 0 and 50 g/kg diets. DCWM in pig diets up to 200 g/kg had positive influence on blood cholesterol and economics of production.

The Value of Yogurt and Its Function in Health Care

Yogurt is a dairy product that is high in nutritional content. Yogurt is high in protein, calcium, vitamins, and probiotics, making it beneficial to the human body. Consuming Lactobacillus-containing yogurt can help to enhance the intestinal environment and preserve intestinal flora equilibrium. Yogurt contains micronutrients that can boost the human body's innate immune system and reverse immunological weakness. Yogurt contains lactic acid, which can help to eliminate dangerous germs and improve digestion. Yogurt's phytosterols can help decrease blood cholesterol levels. Drinking yogurt can also help lactose-intolerant patients avoid the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Yogurt is a potential cancer treatment because it inhibits carcinogens and decreases inflammation. Patients suffering from diarrhea can minimize the frequency and duration of their symptoms by consuming yogurt. Yogurt can also help with chronic intestinal constipation in youngsters and constipation in pregnant women, especially when combined with bifidobacterium longum. The improved serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol after consuming probiotic-containing yogurt suggest that the yogurt could be used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The nutritional value and health benefits of yogurt were summarized in this article.

The.Effect.of.Giving.Noni.Fruit.Extract.Microcapsules (Morinda.Citrifolia L.) as.Feed Additive on Blood Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Sentul Chicken

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of microcapsules of noni fruit extract as a feed additive to replace AGP on blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Sentul chickens.. The research was done from April until July 2022. The method used experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the effect of treatment was using Analysis of Variance then followed by Duncan test. The treatments consisted of 5 types with 4 repetitions, those are P0 = Basal feed that did not contain microcapsules of noni fruit extract, P1 = Basal feed + 50 mg/kg zinc bacitracin, P2 = Basal feed + 125 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules, P3 = Basal feed + 250 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules, and P4 = Basal feed + 375 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules. Samples test was held in Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Husbandry, University of Padjadjaran. The observed variables were blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The results showed that the effect of giving noni fruit extract microcapsules non significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on reducing blood cholesterol levels, but was significant (P&lt;0.05) on reducing blood triglyceride levels. The conclusion of the research that giving of noni fruit extract microcapsules as a feed additive with levels of 125 mg/kg could replace AGP in reduce blood triglyceride levels, but could not decrease blood cholesterol levels in Sentul chickens.

The Potency of Water Clover (&lt;I&gt;Marsilea crenata&lt;/I&gt; C. Presl.) Leaves as Anticholesterolemic Functional Foods Through &lt;I&gt;In Silico&lt;/I&gt; Study

Highlight Research 1. There were 26 active compounds from water clover leaf extract that were identified using GC-MS 2. In silico approach was used to screen potential anticholesterolemic compounds from water clover leaf extract 3. Anticholesterolemic compounds from water clover leaf extract were interacted with HMG-CoA reductase receptors and compared to native ligand and medicine 4. There were 6 potential anticholesterolemic compounds identified from water clover leaf extract Abstract Water clover (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) is a widely available plant in Indonesia and often utilized as a traditional food ingredient. This plant is also traditionally believed to contain compounds that can decrease blood cholesterol. This study aimed to determine the compounds in water clover which have the potential to decrease blood cholesterol through inhibition of the HMG-CoA enzyme using in silico approach. This research was done in several steps, i.e., extraction using ethyl acetate solvent, identification of chemical compounds using GC-MS, and screening of compounds with potential to be anticholesterolemic agent through in silico using PyRx 0.8 (AutoDockVina and Open Babel GUI version 2.4.1), Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021, and PyMOL™ 1.7.4.5 software. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract of water clover contained 26 compounds, 6 of which were potential to be anticholesterolemic agent, i.e., phytol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,4-di- tert-butylphenol, diethyl phthalate, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, and dipentene. Binding affinity values of those six compounds were lower than the native ligand of the HMG-CoA reductase, although still higher compared to pravastatin. The binding affinity value of pravastatin was -7.13 kcal/mol and the binding affinity value of 3-methyl glutaric acid as a native ligand was -5.33 kcal/mol, meanwhile, the lowest binding affinity value of compounds in water clover was phytol (-6.37 kcal/mol) and the highest was dipentene (-5.40 kcal/mol). Through in silico study, there were six compounds from water clover leaf’s ethyl acetate extract that could inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase. Therefore, water clover leaf has the potential to become an anticholesterolemic functional food ingredient.

Pengaruh Senam Lansia terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Kadar Kolesterol Darah pada Lansia di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Background of the study: In 2018 the elderly population in Indonesia reached 24.49 million people (9.27%). There are many various diseases can attack to elderly such as diabetes, stroke, hypertension, coronary heart complications caused by high cholesterol. It can be called degenerative disease. By doing elderly gymnastics regularly, it can regulate blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels within normal limits so it can make free from various disease.Methods: Pre-experimental quantitative research type with one group pretest-posttest design. The number of samples in this study were 35 elderly people who actively participated in gymnastics using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis with univariate analysis, bivariate using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Results: Statistical analysis showed was the influence of gymnastics elderly with a reduction in blood pressure of the sistolic (p = 0.000), there was the influence of gymnastics elderly with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000), and there was the influence of gymnastics elderly to decrease blood cholesterol levels (p = 0.000). Conclusion: there was the influence of gymnastics elderly to decrease blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels in elderly during a pandemic covid-19 in Posyandu Bilante village Larompong district of Luwu. Keywords: Elderly, Elderly Gymnastics, Blood Pressure, Blood Cholesterol Levels

Clinical and prognostic effect of repeated ten-day courses of low-intensity laser exposure in patients with coronary heart disease

To assess the clinical and prognostic value of repeated courses of low-intensity LT in patients with CHD for 24 months. The study involved 40 men (mean age 56.6±8.2 years) with exertional angina pectoris with high (0-I functional class - 40%) and lower (II-III functional class - 60%) exercise tolerance (according to the classification of the Canadian Heart Association). Duration of the study was 24 months. All patients underwent 10-day courses of skin LT in the infrared radiation range every 6 months. Initially and after each course of LT, a bicycle ergometer test was performed with an assessment of the threshold values of blood pressure (BP), double product (DP=systolic BP×heart rate) and the ratio of DP to load power (DP/W). The blood levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were studied after each course of LT. Patients had an improvement in their well-being during LT: a decrease in the number of angina attacks, the need for nitroglycerin, antianginal and antihypertensive drugs. A statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance by 33.2-40.1% was revealed since 1 month after each course of LT, according to the results of stress tests. At the same time, the threshold values of blood pressure remained at the initial level, which was regarded as a manifestation of the hypotensive effect. The decrease in the DP/W index by 18.2-29.6% compared with the initial data indicates the energy economization of cardiac activity. LT was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in blood cholesterol from 6.15±1.26 to 4.84±1.28-5.25±1.53 mmol/l and LDL-C from 4.70±1.16 to 3, 29±1.26-3.96 mmol/l. Long-term clinical and preventive effect, good tolerability, availability, absence of side effects substantiate the possibility of widespread use of repeated courses of laser exposure in coronary heart disease.

Meta-analysis of dietary chitosan effects on performance, nutrient utilization, and product characteristics of ruminants.

Chitosan (CHI) has been used as a feed additive in ruminant diets, but the effects obtained to date have been varied. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary addition of CHI on performance, nutrient utilization, and product characteristics of ruminants by using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 15 articles that composed of 21 studies and 57 data points were included in the database. Number of articles reported the effects of dietary CHI addition were six on beef cattle, seven on dairy cows, and two papers on sheep. Data analysis was based on the mixed model methodology, in which CHI addition levels were considered as fixed effects whereas different studies were treated as random effects. Results revealed that, across various studies, CHI decreased ruminal acetate proportion (p < 0.05) and increased propionate proportion (p < 0.01). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were elevated due to CHI addition (p < 0.05). CHI decreased blood cholesterol level (p < 0.05) and increased monounsaturated fatty acid proportion in the milk (p < 0.05). However, CHI addition had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production, and milk efficiency of ruminants. In conclusion, CHI is able to modify rumen fermentation towards a favorable direction, but it limitedly affects performance of ruminants.

Antihyperlipidemic and Hepatoprotective Properties of Vitamin B6 Supplementation in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia.

The incidence and mortality of hyperlipidemia are increasing year by year, showing a younger trend. At present, the treatment of hyperlipidemia is mainly dependent on western medicine, but its side effects on liver and kidney function are common in clinics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the treatment of hyperlipidemia by augmenting effective dietary nutrition supplements. Vitamin B6 (VitB6), as an essential cofactor for enzymes, participates in lipid metabolism. The effects of VitB6 on hyperlipidemia, however, have not been reported until now. The present study was to investigate the influence of VitB6 on hepatic lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemia rats induced by a High-Fat Diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were kept on HFD for two weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia model. The rats in low-dosage and high-dosage groups were received 2.00 and 3.00 mg/kg/- day of VitB6 for eight weeks, respectively. The results showed that both doses of VitB6 reduced HFD-induced hepatic Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C); decreased blood cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, LDL-C, atherogenic index (AI), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and ApoB/apolipoprotein A-1(ApoA1) ratio; increased liver High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum ApoA1; reduced hepatic steatosis and triglyceride accumulation, lowered fat storage, and recovered heart/body and brain/body ratio to a normal level. In addition, VitB6 supplementation markedly decreased HMGR level, increased the mRNA abundance of LDLR and CYP7A1, and protein expression of SIRT1, following the downregulation of SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression in the liver of hyperlipidemia rats. In summary, oral VitB6 supplementation can ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and dyslipidemia in SD rats by inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, promoting fatty acid decomposition and cholesterol transport.

Comparative effect of probiotic and/or canola seed, canola meal and canola oil dietary supplementation on growth performance, blood component, antioxidant status and immune response in growing rabbits.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of probiotic and/or canola seed, canola meal, and canola oil on growth performance, blood component, antioxidant status, and immune response of growing rabbits. Design: Randomized -controlled experimental study.Animals: One hundred and twenty mixed-sex California rabbits.Procedures: Rabbits used for this study were randomly assigned into 8 equal groups: the control non supplemented group and the other supplementd groups including, probiotic - Progut® (PG) (1.0g/kg), canola seed (CS) (15%), canola seed + probiotic (CS+PG), canola meal (CM) (15%), canola meal + probiotic (CM+PG), canola oil (CO) (1.5%), and canola oil + probiotic (CO+PG). Growth performance, liver and kidney function biomarkers, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and antioxidant markers as well immunological parameters were determined at the end of the study.Results:. CM and CO showed the strongest impact on the growth performance as they significantly increased body weight gain and reduced feed intake (p < 0.05). PG supplementation significantly increased IgM and nitric oxide levels and decreased blood cholesterol (p < 0.05). CS and CM supplementation significantly raised leukocytic count, total protein, and globulin level (p < 0.05). Additionally CS increased serum lysozyme activity while CM increased hepatic GSH level. CO highly increased (p < 0.05) the values of total protein, globulin, SOD, GSH, as well lysozyme and significantly diminished MDA. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Supplementation of CS with probiotic for growing rabbits is recommended to obtain great outcome on general animal health, immunity, and performance without adverse effect on lipogram.

Nursing Intervention in Decrease of Blood Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in The Lansia Group Provided Cupping Therapy in The Village of Wedomartani Sleman

Background: Much alternative therapy such as cupping therapy in the community as one of the cheap treatment efforts without side effects makes the challenge and the goal for nursing staff improve nursing services. The unfinished scientific verification of cupping therapy's alternative therapy makes nurses need to prove decreased blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the elderly. Objective: Scientific proof of cholesterol and blood pressure decrease after Cupping Therapy in an elderly group in Wedomartani Village, Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia. Method: quantitative type with pseudo experimental research design. Pre-test and Post-test nonequivalent control group. The treatment group was given wet cupping therapy, while the control group was given dry cupping. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Blood pressure measurement uses a digital tensimeter and cholesterol measurement using a digital blood cholesterol level measuring device. Results: The elderly blood cholesterol levels after the average therapy decreased 42.89 mg/dl, whereas blood cholesterol levels in the control group decreased an average of 20.95 mg/dl. The blood pressure of the elderly systole in the intervention group after the average therapy decreased 10.74 mmHg, whereas the control group's systole blood pressure decreased an average of 1.58 mmHg. Diastole blood pressure in the treatment group decreased 3,48 mmHg, in the diastole blood pressure control group increased 5,26 mmHg. Conclusions: Wet and dry cupping are both significantly associated with decreased blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels, but wet cupping lowers blood cholesterol levels by a mean difference of 21.95 mg/dl and mean systole blood pressure of 3.74 mmHg and pressure diastole blood difference of mean 9.1 mmHg. Keyword: Blood Pressure. Cupping Therapy, Cholesterol, Elderly

Nursing Intervention in Decrease of Blood Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in The Lansia Group Provided Cupping Therapy in The Village of Wedomartani Sleman

Background: Much alternative therapy such as cupping therapy in the community as one of the cheap treatment efforts without side effects makes the challenge and the goal for nursing staff improve nursing services. The unfinished scientific verification of cupping therapy's alternative therapy makes nurses need to prove decreased blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the elderly. Objective: Scientific proof of cholesterol and blood pressure decrease after Cupping Therapy in an elderly group in Wedomartani Village, Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia. Method: quantitative type with pseudo experimental research design. Pre-test and Post-test nonequivalent control group. The treatment group was given wet cupping therapy, while the control group was given dry cupping. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Blood pressure measurement uses a digital tensimeter and cholesterol measurement using a digital blood cholesterol level measuring device. Results: The elderly blood cholesterol levels after the average therapy decreased 42.89 mg/dl, whereas blood cholesterol levels in the control group decreased an average of 20.95 mg/dl. The blood pressure of the elderly systole in the intervention group after the average therapy decreased 10.74 mmHg, whereas the control group's systole blood pressure decreased an average of 1.58 mmHg. Diastole blood pressure in the treatment group decreased 3,48 mmHg, in the diastole blood pressure control group increased 5,26 mmHg. Conclusions: Wet and dry cupping are both significantly associated with decreased blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels, but wet cupping lowers blood cholesterol levels by a mean difference of 21.95 mg/dl and mean systole blood pressure of 3.74 mmHg and pressure diastole blood difference of mean 9.1 mmHg. Keyword: Blood Pressure. Cupping Therapy, Cholesterol, Elderly

Polysaccharide-rich red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extracts ameliorate the altered plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet-fed rats.

We have demonstrated that red algae Gelidium amansii (GA) hot-water extract (GHE) is a polysaccharide-rich fraction, containing 68.54% water-soluble indigestible carbohydrate polymers; the molecular weight of major polysaccharide is 892. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of GHE on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolisms in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Rats were divided into: normal diet group, HF-diet group, HF-diet+5% GHE group, and HF-diet+1% cholestyramine group. GHE supplementation for 8 weeks significantly decreased plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels and increased the fecal triglyceride and bile acid excretion in HF diet-fed rats. GHE group has lower lipid contents in the liver and adipose tissues. GHE supplementation decreased the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA reductase in the livers. The levels of increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and cytochrome P450-7A1 (CYP7A1) protein expression, and the decreased PPAR-γ protein expression in the livers were observed in GHE group. These results suggest that GHE supplementation is capable of interfering in cholesterol metabolism and increasing hepatic LDLR and CYP7A1 expression to decrease blood cholesterol, and activating FXR and AMPK to inhibit lipogenic enzyme activities and reduce the hepatic lipid accumulation.