Decreased Fasting Blood Glucose Research Articles

Combination of Qi benefiting and blood circulation promoting herbs with Dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with heart failure: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis based on a randomized controlled trial.

This systematic review examines the efficacy of a combination of Qi benefiting and blood circulation promoting herbs with Dapagliflozin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with heart failure (HF). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the combination of Qi benefiting and blood circulation promoting herbs with Dapagliflozin for T2DM and CHF was conducted. The search, spanning from the database's establishment to June 2023, included seven databases: China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Two researchers screened and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane Handbook version 5.1 guided the quality assessment of studies, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Eleven articles, encompassing a sample size of 1192 cases, were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that combining Qi benefiting and blood circulation promoting herbs with Dapagliflozin improved the clinical efficacy rate [OR=4.35, 95% CI (2.98, 6.35), P<0.00001]. It reduced blood glucose levels, evidenced by decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) [MD=-1.19, 95% CI (-1.30, -1.09), P<0.00001], 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) [MD=-1.95, 95% CI (-2.09, -1.80), P<0.00001], and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) [MD=-1.40, 95% CI (-1.49, -1.31), P<0.00001]. Inflammatory factors also reduced, including C-reactive protein (CRP) [MD=-4.93, 95% CI (-5.38, -4.48), P<0.00001], tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) [MD=-2.91, 95% CI (-3.32, -2.49), P<0.00001], and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [MD=-11.10, 95% CI (-12.43, -9.43), P<0.00001]. Additionally, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) [SMD=-1.25, 95% CI (-1.45, -1.05), P<0.00001], left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) [SMD=-1.34, 95% CI (-1.51, -1.13), P<0.00001], and improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)[SMD=2.92, 95% CI (2.65, 3.19), P<0.00001], 6-minute walk test (6MWT) [MD=35.59, 95% CI (29.72, 41.47), P<0.00001], and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) scores [MD=35.59, 95% CI (29.72, 41.47), P<0.00001] were observed. The incidence of adverse events also decreased [RR=0.25, 95% CI (0.11, 0.56), P=0.0007]. The combination of Qi benefiting and blood circulation promoting herbs with Dapagliflozin shows potential in treating patients with T2DM and HF, suggesting its use as adjunctive therapy in clinical practice. However, the limited number and quality of the included studies necessitate further high-quality research to confirm these findings.

The Effect of Acupressure on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Clients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a? disease that has a characteristic signs? in the from of an increase in glucose levels exceeding normal range . The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing significantly. Currently, the management? of diet, exercise and use therapy pharmacological therapy are option in the management of diabetes mellitus. In addition to these therapies, there are complementary therapies such as acupressure. The purpose of this study was to prove the acupressure intervention in influencing fasting blood glucose levels. This research was a quasi- experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design with pre – test post – test. This study had 38 respondents? whi were devided into 2 groups and were taken using a consecutive sampling techniques. This study was conducted from April 7th 2021 – May 9th 2021. The pre – test and post -test difference test used the wilcoxone test. The diferent test between groups used Man – Whitney test and Independent – t test. Study This showed that there were significant differences? before and after treatment in all groups p = < 0.05. The results of the post-test differences between groups also showed p = 0.012 which shows that there are meaningful differences? between post-tests in groups intervention and control groups. Complementary therapy in the form of proven acupressure can decrease fasting blood glucose in type II diabetes mellitus patients, and complementary therapy in the form of acupressure can used for decrease fasting blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Cascara kombucha potential as a functional food for fasting glucose regulation, cholesterol control, and liver function modulation: in vitro and in vivo study

SummaryUnhealthy dietary patterns are a major contributor to obesity worldwide, leading to various adverse metabolic effects such as elevated liver enzyme levels and increased cholesterol concentrations. This study investigates the potential of cascara kombucha as a functional beverage to provide health benefits in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results indicate that kombucha fermentation enhances the bioactive compounds in cascara, including polyphenols and flavonoids. The in vitro study found that cascara kombucha effectively decreased free radicals (DPPH and ABTS) levels, α‐amylase, and lipase activity, suggesting its potential to act as an antioxidant and modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In a mouse model, oral administration of cascara kombucha at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 28 days successfully decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved liver health by reducing aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels, and lowered serum cholesterol content induced by a fat‐enriched diet compared to the untreated group. The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, suppressed by the fat‐enriched diet, were restored to normal. Additionally, cascara kombucha downregulated genes associated with inflammation induced by a fat‐enriched diet, including tnf‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and cox‐2. It also positively affected the balance of intestinal microflora in mice by reducing coliform density and enhancing probiotic populations. These findings highlight the potential of cascara kombucha as a promising approach to addressing health issues caused by poor dietary habits and metabolic imbalances.

Potential of Bauhinia variegata leaves in the management of diabetic nephropathy

The present study was carried out to explore the potential of aqueous extract of leaves of Bauhinia variegata (AE) in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg (i.p.). Four weeks after induction of diabetes animals were treated with the extract at a dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. On the 28th day, biochemical parameters (glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) and urine parameters (total protein, creatinine) were evaluated. After completion of 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed and kidneys were isolated. Histopathological evaluation of kidney tissue was carried out by staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain, Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain and Trichrome stain. Treatment with AE to diabetic rats for 28 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and biochemical parameter like albumin, total protein, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) which is an important marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. AE treatment also improved the urine parameters and histological changes in kidney tissue of STZ induced diabetic rats after 28 days of treatment. In-vitro advanced glycation end product inhibitory assay showed that AE possesses AGE inhibitory activity which can play important role in the prevention of DN progression. Present studies proved the potential of aqueous extract of Bauhinia variegata leaves and open a new alternative treatment approach for diabetic nephropathy.

Efficacy and Safety of Resveratrol in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background Resveratrol is a food component found in grapes, peanuts, cranberries.. It has a wide range of effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Resveratrol could ameliorate diabetes in diabetic animals and it showed beneficial effects in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Objectives This randomized-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of oral resveratrol supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in pediatric patients with T1DM. Methods This study included 60 children and adolescents with T1DM. Enrolled patients aged 12- 18 years with disease duration > 5 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention group who received oral resveratrol tablets 250 mg twice daily. The other group (did not receive any supplementation and served as a control group. Both groups were followed-up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c% and fasting lipid profile. Results After 6 months, resveratrol therapy resulted in a significant decrease of FBG, HbA1c, triglycerides and total cholesterol compared with baseline levels and compared with the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between Patients with T1DM without resveratrol adjuvant therapy at baseline and at 6 months as regards any of the studied variables except for triglycerides and total cholesterol which were significantly increased at study end. Conclusions Resveratrol as an adjuvant therapy to insulin improved blood glucose levels, glycemic control and dyslipidemia without adverse effects in pediatric patients with T1DM.

Fecal microbiota transplantation: whole grain highland barley improves glucose metabolism by changing gut microbiota

Highland barley (HB) is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits. To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism, we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results showed that HB (40 %) significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve, significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice (P < 0.05). Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40 % HB intervention (P < 0.05). Additionally, beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia, were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention. Meanwhile, the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40 % HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. Collectively, our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB, which could promote the development of precision nutrition.

Mechanism of Yupingfeng Powder on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by regulating IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway

Based on the insulin receptor substrate(IRS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) pathway, the intervention effect of Yupingfeng Powder on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) rats was studied, and the potential mechanism of improving T2DM hepatic insulin resistance was explored. A T2DM rat model was established by feeding with high-fat and high-sugar feed combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Successfully modeled rats were selected and divided into a model group, a positive control group(MET), and a Yupingfeng Powder group. At the same time, a blank group was set up, and corresponding drugs were given by gavage. The model group and blank group were given an equal amount of physiological saline by gavage. During the experiment, body mass and fasting blood glucose were regularly measured, and glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were measured at the end of the experiment. After the experiment, the levels of blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, and related liver function indicators were measured; changes in liver pathological damage were observed, levels of liver monoamine oxidase were detected, and qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway related genes. Compared with the model group, the Yupingfeng Powder group had an increase in body weight, a decrease in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and steady-state model evaluation index, a decrease in the area under the curve of glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, a decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content. Compared with the model group, the Yupingfeng Powder group showed a decrease in liver monoamine oxidase levels, a decrease in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, and an increase in total protein and albumin levels. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining showed a reduction in pathological liver cell damage. Compared with the model group, the Yupingfeng Powder group showed a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of IRS1, PI3K, and Akt in the liver of rats, as well as a significant decrease in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). This indicates that Yupingfeng Powder can regulate the IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, increase insulin sensitivity, improve hepatic insulin resistance, and thus play a therapeutic role in T2DM.

Pulmo-protection of long-term swimming exercise via improving insulin sensitivity in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats

Exercise has been recognized as an effective intervention in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), supported by numerous studies. However, the precise effects of exercise on pulmonary function remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, using a rat model of swimming exercise training and monocrotaline-induced PAH, we aimed to explore its impact on pulmonary morphology and function. Our investigations revealed that MCT-treated rats exhibited augmented mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which can be attenuated by 4 weeks of swimming exercise training (60 min/day, 5 days/week). Notably, MCT-treated rats showed impaired pulmonary function, as manifested by decreased tidal volume and dynamic compliance, which were reversed by exercise training. Assessment of pulmonary substrate in PAH rats indicated a prominent pro-inflammatory substrate, evidenced by macrophage accumulation through quantitative immunohistological analysis of macrophage-like cell expression (CD68), and extracellular matrix remodeling, evaluated by Masson staining. Importantly, both the pro-inflammatory substrate and extracellular matrix remodeling were ameliorated by swimming exercise training. Additionally, serum biochemical analysis demonstrated elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B following MCT treatment, which were reduced with exercise intervention. Moreover, exercise enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity in both MCT-treated and untreated rats. Notably, MCT and exercise treatment both decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in rats, whereas exercise training reinstated FBG levels to normal in MCT-treated rats. In summary, our study suggests that swimming exercise confers a pulmonary protective effect in MCT-induced PAH rats, highlighting the potential importance of exercise-based rehabilitation in the management of PAH.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of In-Hospital Exercise Rehabilitation in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Sarcopenia Effect of Lifestyle Management on Disease Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in-hospital exercise rehabilitation on glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with sarcopenia, and to provide a reference for the effective implementation of exercise rehabilitation for middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia in healthcare institutions. Methods This study retrospectively included 122 patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 2017 to August 2020 and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the experimental group was given exercise rehabilitation in the hospital for 12 weeks to compare the indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy fitness in the two groups. Results After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and body fat percentage (p < 0.05), while high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), grip strength, lower limb extension, lower limb flexion, peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and were more significant at 12 weeks compared to the 6-week intervention (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in any of the glucose metabolism indicators in the control group before and after the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that at control baseline levels, HbA1c decreased significantly in the experimental group after both 6 and 12 weeks of intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed an increase in glycemic control from 33.3% to 73.3%, a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength, lower limb extension and lower limb flexion strength and peak oxygen uptake. Conclusion In-hospital exercise rehabilitation can effectively improve the glycemic and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia and enhance their health fitness, with good clinical rehabilitation effects.

Development of 1 Month Sustained-Release Microspheres Containing Liraglutide for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.

Liraglutide has been extensively applied in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its 11-15 h half-life resulted in daily administration, which led to poor patient compliance. This study aimed to solve this problem by developing liraglutide-loaded microspheres with a 1 month sustained release prepared by the W1/O/W2 method combined with the premix membrane emulsification technique to improve therapeutic efficacy. Remarkably, we found that the amphiphilic properties of liraglutide successfully reduced the oil-water interfacial tension, resulting in a stable primary emulsion and decreasing the level of drug leakage into the external water phase. As a result, exceptional drug loading (>8%) and encapsulation efficiency (>85%) of microspheres were achieved. Furthermore, the uniformity in microsphere size facilitated an in-depth exploration of the structural characteristics of liraglutide-loaded microspheres. The results indicated that the dimensions of the internal cavities of the microspheres were significantly influenced by the size of the inner water droplets in the primary emulsion. A denser and more uniform cavity structure decreased the initial burst release, improving the release process of liraglutide from the microspheres. To evaluate the release behavior of liraglutide from microspheres, a set of in vitro release assays and in vivo pharmacodynamics were performed. The liraglutide-loaded microspheres effectively decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels while enhancing the pancreatic and hepatic functions in db/db mice. In conclusion, liraglutide sustained-release microspheres showed the potential for future clinical applications in the management of T2DM and provided an effective therapeutic approach to overcoming patient compliance issues.

Capsaicin reduces blood glucose and prevents prostate growth by regulating androgen, RAGE/IGF-1/Akt, TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway and reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease. Diabetes increases the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Capsaicin is extracted from chili peppers and possesses many pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, pain-relieving, and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on glucose metabolism and prostate growth in T2DM mice and uncover the related mechanisms. Mice model of diabetes was established by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Oral administration of capsaicin for 2weeks inhibited prostate growth in testosterone propionate (TP)-treated mice. Furthermore, oral administration of capsaicin (5mg/kg) for 2weeks decreased fasting blood glucose, prostate weight, and prostate index in diabetic and TP-DM mice. Histopathological alterations were measured using hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. The protein expression of 5α-reductase type II, androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were upregulated in diabetic and TP-DM mice, but capsaicin reversed these effects. Capsaicin decreased the protein expression of p-AKT, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1R, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in diabetic and TP-DM mice. Capsaicin also regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and modulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, α-SMA, TGFBR2, TGF-β1, and p-Smad in TP-DM mice. In this study, capsaicin alleviated diabetic prostate growth by attenuating EMT. Mechanistically, capsaicin affected EMT by regulating RAGE/IGF-1/AKT, AR, and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways. These results provide with new therapeutic approach for treating T2DM or T2DM-induced prostate growth.

Tempeh-Based Supplement Decreases Blood Glucose Levels Through Inhibiting Rage and NF-κB Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice Model

Objective: Hyperglycemia promotes inflammation through inducing the formation of AGE products, which bind with receptor AGE (RAGE) products in cell membranes, leading to the activation of necrosis factor–kappa beta (NF-κB). This study aimed to analyze the effects of tempeh-based supplement (TBS) preparations of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) tempeh against mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB on the pancreas of a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) mice model. Material and Methods: This research was a quasi-experiment, with pre and post-tests with a control design for blood glucose levels; and post-test only utilizing control for mRNA RAGE and NF-κB expressions. A total of 30 male mice, 8-10 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g were divided into 6 treatment groups: non-diabetic, Diabetic, Diabetic+metformin, Diabetic+TBS 10 mg/100 g BW, Diabetic+TBS 20 mg/100 g BW, and Diabetic+TBS 40 mg/100 g BW. STZ induction once a day for two days was preceded by NA to create a DM mice model; meanwhile, TBS was administrated once a day for 21 days.Results: The mean difference of fasting glucose levels in the diabetic+TBS 40 mg/100 g BW group was the highest when compared to the diabetic group (159.52±1.85) mg/dL. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in fasting glucose levels, RAGE and NF-κB expressions in the Diabetic+TBS group at various dosage levels compared to the diabetic control group. Relative mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB were downregulated in the treatment group compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: TBS can decrease fasting blood glucose levels and downregulate relative mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in type 2 DM mice.

Plantaginis semen ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via targeting the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevancePlantaginis Semen (PS) is widely utilized as a common herb in several Asian countries, particularly China, due to its diuretic, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Furthermore, it is acknowledged for its ability to mitigate renal complications associated with metabolic syndrome. Despite its extensive usage, there is limited systematic literature elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms, thus emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive investigations in this field. AimThis study aims to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutical potential of PS in treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro models. MethodsThe main composition of PS were characterized using the UPLC-QTOF-MS method. For the in vivo investigation, a mouse model mediated by streptozocin (STZ) associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and unilateral renal excision was established. The mice were split into 6 groups (n = 8): control group (CON group), DKD group, low-dose of Plantago asiatica L. seed extract group (PASE-L group, 3 g/kg/d), medium-dose of PASE group (PASE-M, 6 g/kg/d), high-dose of PASE group (PASE-H, 9 g/kg/d), and positive drug group (valsartan, VAS group, 12 mg/kg/d). After 8 weeks of treatment, the damage induced by DKD was evaluated by using relevant parameters of urine and blood. Furthermore, indicators of inflammation and factors associated with the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway were investigated. For the in vitro study, the cell line HBZY-1 was stimulated by high glucose (HG), they were then co-cultured with different concentrations of PASE, and the corresponding associated inflammatory and sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SphK1-S1P) factors were examined. ResultsA total of 59 major components in PS were identified, including flavonoids, iridoids, phenylethanol glycosides, guanidine derivatives, and fatty acids. In the mouse model, PS was found to significantly improve body weight, decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, increased glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, improved kidney-related markers compared to the DKD group, pathological changes in the kidneys also improved dramatically. These effects showed a dose-dependent relationship, with higher PASE concentrations yielding significantly better outcomes than lower concentrations. However, the effects of the low PASE concentration were not evident for some indicators. In the cellular model, the high dose of PASE suppressed high glucose (HG) stimulated renal mesangial cell proliferation, suppressed inflammatory factors and NF-κB, and decreased the levels of fibrillin-1(FN-1) and collagen IV(ColIV). ConclusionOur results indicate that PS exerts favorable therapeutic effects on DKD, with the possible mechanisms including the inhibition of inflammatory pathways, suppression of mRNA levels and protein expressions of SphK1 and S1P, consequently leading to reduced overexpression of FN-1 and ColIV, thereby warranting further exploration.

The consumption of walnuts has an impact on decreasing fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with concurrent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia: a randomized control trial

Nationally, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased by 0.5%. In 2013, it was approximately 1.5%, rising to 2.0% in 2018. On the other hand, it is known that administering walnut extract can reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of walnut consumption on blood sugar levels. The research was conducted experimentally, using a pre-post test control group design. The research sample consisted of mothers with fasting blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dL and total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL (hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic). The total sample size was 50 mothers, divided into 2 groups. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention involved giving 50 grams of walnut (Canarium Indicum L.) daily for 8 weeks to the treatment group. The research was conducted in the working area of the Paccerakang Community Health Center in Makassar City, Indonesia. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-tests. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the treatment group from 244.12 mg/dL to 195.52 mg/dL. In the control group, there was a slight decrease in blood sugar levels from 236.92 mg/dL to 229.96 mg/dL. Paired T-test analysis in the treatment group showed a value of p=0.00, indicating a significant difference in cholesterol levels before and after the intervention in the treatment group. In the control group, the value was p=0.07, indicating no significant difference in cholesterol levels in the control group. Administering 50 grams of walnuts per day for 8 weeks significantly lowered fasting blood sugar levels in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic mothers.

Compositional profiling and bioefficacy studies of pulses-supplemented isocaloric designer biscuits for recently diagnosed diabetic individuals

This study addresses global concerns about diabetes mellitus by exploring a novel approach to manage hyperglycemia through pulses-supplemented designer biscuits. Control and designer biscuits were prepared with varying proportions of wheat flour and pulses (chickpea, mungbean). The pulses-supplemented biscuits exhibited increased protein content and reduced readily available carbohydrates. Selected designer biscuits, with 12.5 % incorporation of chickpea and mungbean pulse flour, demonstrated significantly lower glycemic index (69.17 ± 5.01) and higher satiety index (122.19 ± 8.85) compared to control biscuits. These showed 13 % less glycemic index and 9 % higher satiety index as compared to control biscuits. A four-week bio-efficacy trial involving diabetic subjects consuming these biscuits as a routine snack resulted in an 11.45 % decrease in fasting blood glucose and a 19.15 % reduction in random blood glucose levels. Insulin and HDL levels also significantly improved. The study concludes that these designer biscuits possess a hypoglycemic effect, offering a potential dietary intervention for managing diabetes.

The effect of EKORMIN on rats with diabetes mellitus model: effectiveness on fasting blood glucose, MDA, and insulin levels

Antioxidant use for additional diabetes mellitus therapy is growing, such as okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and turmeric (Curcuma longa), which are rich in flavonoids and have beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effects of okra turmeric extract (EKORMIN) on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and insulin levels in diabetic rats. The research was conducted from December to January 2022 at PSPG UGM using experimental research with a pre-posttest-controlled group design. White male Wistar rats (n = 35) randomly grouped into five: negative control (STZ-NA), positive control (STZ-NA+metformin 1,8 mg/200 gBW), P1 (STZ-NA+EKORMIN low dose 130,5;110,5 mg/kgBW), P2 (STZ-NA+EKORMIN moderate dose 261;221 mg/kgBW), P3 (STZ-NA+EKORMIN high dose 522;442 mg/kgBW). The intervention lasted 14 days. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance statistical tests and post hoc follow-up tests. EKORMIN in all doses, EKORMIN reduced FBG and MDA levels and increased insulin levels (p&lt;0,05). P2 and P3 were not significantly different from the metformin (PG) group (p&gt;0,05). The decrease in FBG (-167,05±-2,8 vs -175,86±-1,4 mg/dL) and MDA levels (-6,32±0,33 vs -7,98±0,07 nmol/ml) P3 was higher than P2. Similarly for increased insulin levels (121,47±3,03 and 164,09±4,48 pg/ml). EKORMIN was effective in reducing FBG and MDA levels and increased insulin levels in diabetic rats. EKORMIN has antidiabetic effects and has potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment.

Gracilaria extract reduce hyperglycemia by modulating gut microbial and short chain fatty acids

High blood sugar is the main feature of diabetes. In order to effectively regulate blood glucose levels, in this study, we used Gracilaria as raw material and found that 70% ethanol extract of Gracilaria (GE) and complex protease hydrolysate of Gracilaria (GH) were beneficial for decreasing fasting blood glucose, improving insulin resistance, enhancing the function of islet β-cells, and regulating the abnormal increase of TC, TG, LDL-c caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Moreover, 70% ethanol extract of Gracilaria (GE) and complex protease hydrolysate of Gracilaria (GH) affected the gut microbiota structure of diabetic mice, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella etc. and reduced the abundance of Helicobacter and Oscillibacter etc. In addition, the content of acetic acid and butyric acid in metabolites of short-chain fatty acids had increased, which had the effect of regulating blood glucose level. The results have showed that 70% ethanol extract of Gracilaria (GE) and complex protease hydrolysate of Gracilaria (GH) are potential marine foods for maintaining blood sugar health.

Yunvjian decoction mitigates hyperglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin via reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells

Ethnopharmacological relevanceYunvjian (YNJ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula first reported in Jing Yue Quan Shu, is commonly used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM remains unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of YNJ on T2DM and explore the potential mechanism involved. Materials and methodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the chemical compounds of YNJ. The anti-T2DM effects of YNJ were observed in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced rat model. The type 2 diabetic rats were prepared as follows: rats were fed a high-fat diet for four weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with a low dose (30 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. YNJ and the positive control metformin were used in these experiments. Biochemical assays were implemented to determine the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid levels, and oxidative stress index of the pancreas. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess histopathological alterations in the pancreas. The mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM was evaluated in INS-1 cells treated with glucose and high sodium palmitate. YNJ-supplemented serum was used in these experiments. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Nile red staining, flow cytometric analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess apoptosis, insulin secretion, lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species production, and protein levels. ResultsFive major compounds were identified in YNJ. In high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, YNJ-M notably decreased fasting blood glucose and lipid levels; ameliorated glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and islet morphology; reduced Malondialdehyde levels; and restored superoxide dismutase activity in the pancreatic islets. Furthermore, the effect of YNJ-M was significantly greater than that of YNJ-L, and YNJ-H had little effect on diabetic rats. In vitro experiments revealed that YNJ-supplemented serum (10%, 15%, and 20%) dramatically suppressed apoptosis, mitigated intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced intracellular oxidative stress levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, YNJ-supplemented serum increased the protein expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 1 and inhibited the protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. ConclusionYNJ ameliorates high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced experimental T2DM. The underlying mechanism involves reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells. The findings of this study provide scientific justification for the application of the traditional medicine YNJ in treating T2DM.

A kidney-targeted chitosan-melanin nanoplatform for alleviating diabetic nephropathy through modulation of blood glucose and oxidative stress

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication in patients with diabetes, whose expansion process is closely related to oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia. Herein, we report a chitosan-targeted dagliflozin-loaded melanin nanoparticle (CSMDNPs) that can selectively accumulate in injured kidneys, reduce blood glucose, and alleviate the oxidative stress-induced damage. CSMDNPs possess good dispersion and physiological stability, responsive release at acidic pH, and strong scavenging activities for various reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen radicals. Moreover, in vitro experiments confirm that CSMDNPs have good biocompatibility, enable targeted uptake in NRK-52E renal tubular cells, and also well alleviate high glucose-induced oxidative stress. In the STZ-induced DN model, CSMDNPs exhibit high targeting distribution and retention in the damaged kidneys of DN mice according to photoacoustic imaging. At the end of CSMDNPs treatment, DN mice show a decrease in fasting blood glucose and a return to near-normal urine and blood indices. H&E, PAS, and masson pathological staining also indicates that CSMDNPs significantly inhibit the expansion of renal interstitium, glycogen, and collagen deposition, showing excellent therapeutic effects. In addition, melanin acts as both drug carrier and antioxidant without exogenous carrier introduction, exhibiting better biosafety and translational prospects.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asians and Non-Asians with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tirzepatide is a novel hypoglycemic agent for type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pathophysiology of T2DM in Asians is different from that in non-Asians, and there is no evidence to explain the differences in the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide between different races. A literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and Embase databases for clinical studies of tirzepatide for T2DM. The data extraction process was done independently by two authors. All analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software and Review Manager 5.3 software. A total of 2118 patients with T2DM from 6 studies were involved, with doses of tirzepatide ranging from 5 to 15mg administered subcutaneously once weekly. The results showed that compared with control/placebo, tirzepatide was more effective in decreasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) in non-Asians than in Asians, and 10mg rather than 15mg was the optimal dose to decrease FBG. Similarly, non-Asians were more effective than Asians in improving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Asians were significantly more effective than non-Asians in reducing body weight and ≥ 5% weight loss. In terms of adverse events, the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher in Asians than in non-Asians at the same dose, while the incidence of metabolic and nutrition disorders was higher in non-Asians than in Asians. Tirzepatide is a novel agent for the treatment of diabetes and has different efficacy in Asians and non-Asians. Asians were more likely to experience weight loss and gastrointestinal adverse events, whereas non-Asians were more likely to have better glycemic control and more metabolic and nutritional disorders. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023489588.