Decrease In Zinc Concentration Research Articles

A Zinc Uptake Transporter ZIP1-II Is Involved in Zinc Accumulation in the Hepatopancreas of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas.

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is known to have an exceptional ability to accumulate zinc, which endows it with robust resistance to pathogens and makes it an excellent source of dietary zinc. ZIP1 has been identified as an important zinc uptake protein in other species, but its role in oysters remains unclear. In the present study, a ZIP1 homologue (CgZIP1-II) of the Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family was identified in C. gigas. The mRNA transcripts of CgZIP1-II were constitutively expressed in examined tissues of C. gigas, with higher levels in the hepatopancreas and gill. After zinc exposure, the mRNA transcripts of CgZIP1-II in the hepatopancreas showed a significant decline from 12 h to 14 d, while those in the gill significantly decreased at 72 h, followed by a recovery to basal level at 7 to 14 d. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the CgZIP1-II protein was mainly located at the plasma membrane of oyster hemocytes. Compared to the control cells, overexpression of CgZIP1-II in the transfected HEK293 cells resulted in a 2.44-fold (p < 0.05) increase in zinc content after incubation with 100 μM zinc for 24 h. Inhibition of endogenous CgZIP1-II expression with siRNAs led to a 42% reduction in zinc content in the hepatopancreas of oysters. Similarly, in vivo blocking of CgZIP1-II with anti-CgZIP1-II antibody caused a 43% decrease in zinc content in the hepatopancreas. These results collectively indicated that CgZIP1-II functioned as a zinc uptake transporter in C. gigas and played a certain role in zinc accumulation.

Identification and analysis of bZIP family genes in Citrus sinensis and the role of CsbZIP24 in response to Huanglongbing

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, mainly caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas). HLB plants commonly present zinc deficiency chlorosis, which is evidenced with decreased zinc content and upregulation of genes encoding zinc transport proteins (ZIPs). However, the mechanism of how ZIPs are activated in response to CLas infection is unknown. Herein, the phylogenetic analysis was done for ZIPs and its potential upstream regulator bZIPs on the genome-wide level. Fifty-six bZIP transcription factor members classified into thirteen groups and twelve ZIP members were identified from C. sinensis. CsbZIP23 and CsbZIP24 harboring Zinc-sensor motif (ZSM) were characterized as the homologues of Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP19/23 in regulation of zinc homeostasis, and both were highly expressed in leaves compared to stems and roots. CsbZIP24 was further demonstrated in activation of CsZIP3 gene expression by binding to its promoter containing Zinc Deficiency Response Elements (ZDRE) rather than CsbZIP23. Additionally, the induction of both CsbZIP24 and CsZIP3 was observed in HLB diseased plants. Taken together, zinc sensor members were firstly identified in citrus and CsbZIP24 was proposed as the key factor in regulation of CsZIP3 gene expression to accommodate zinc-deficient conditions that caused by CLas colonization.

Cross-sectional observational study: Investigation of zinc concentration in white patients with cancer

ObjectivesNumerous studies describe the role of zinc in the immune system and metabolism. Zinc may influence the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancer. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in patients with cancer. The study's primary objective was to evaluate the frequency of zinc deficiency in White patients with cancer and characterize the clinical factors predisposing individuals to decreased zinc concentration. The study also aimed to estimate the dose of zinc supplementation that would prevent deficiency. MethodsRetrospective data for this cross-sectional study were analyzed from 300 consecutive white patients diagnosed with neoplastic disease and admitted to a major oncology hospital for treatment. Zinc plasma concentration, nutritional status, body composition, and medical history of ailments and dysphagia were recorded. Supplementation was introduced in patients with zinc deficiency according to the local protocol. Zinc plasma levels were collected at follow-up visits. ResultsZinc deficiency was diagnosed in 68% of the patients. Poor nutritional status was significantly associated with zinc deficiency (low body mass index, weight loss, low albumin level). Low lean body mass (P = 0.003) and adipose tissue (P = 0.045) correlated with zinc deficiency. Patients with zinc deficiency reported dysphagia more frequently than those with normal zinc levels (18 versus 8%; P = 0.03). Squamous cell carcinoma was significantly associated with zinc deficiency (P = 0.043). Oral zinc supplementation resulted in reaching laboratory norms for plasma concentration in only 27% of patients with zinc deficiency and was not dependent on lower (10–15 mg) or higher (25–30 mg) dosing (P > 0.05). ConclusionsZinc deficiency is common in cachectic, malnourished patients with cancer. Nutritional guidelines for these patients should include screening for micronutrient deficiencies. Further studies are needed to determine the role, dosage, duration, and form of nutritional supplementation recommended for specific cancer diagnoses.

Knockdown of ZnT4 Induced Apoptosis, Inhibited Proliferation and testosterone synthesis of TM3 cells.

Zinc deficiency has a huge impact on male reproduction. The zinc transporter (ZnT) family is involved in the maintenance of zinc homeostasis and testosterone synthesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of zinc transporter 4 (ZnT4) on testosterone synthesis in male Kunming mice and mouse Leydig cells. The results of this study showed that compared with the zinc normal diet group (Con group), the zinc-deficient diet group (ZnD group) had decreased zinc content and increased ZnT4 expression in testicular tissues, and decreased serum testosterone levels, suggesting that ZnT4 may be involved in Leydig cell injury resulting from a zinc-deficient diet. Subsequently, mouse Leydig cell line TM3 cells were used to analyze the effect of ZnT4 downregulation on TM3 cell proliferation and apoptosis, on testosterone synthesis, and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that knockdown of ZnT4 can induce the accumulation of zinc, inhibit the viability, and induce apoptosis in TM3 cells. In addition, knockdown of ZnT4 downregulated testosterone concentration and expression of testosterone synthesis-related proteins steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/D5-D4 isomerase (3β-HSD) in TM3 cells, while hCG could rescue their levels. We show that it is ZnT4 that plays a role in testosterone production through a mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway, whereas mTORC1 complex inhibitor (Rapa) blocks the decrease in testosterone levels caused by ZnT4 downregulation. In conclusion, the above results indicate that ZnT4 plays an important role in regulating testosterone synthesis.

The Leaching Behavior of Zinc Oxide in Medical Waste of Dental Clinics

Zinc Oxide is an indispensable substance in the field of dental treatment. It is used daily and intensively in all governmental and private dental clinics, leading to the disposal of very high concentrations of zinc with waste and eventually in landfill sites as a final destination for solid waste removal. This indicates the urgent need to investigate its behavior upon disposal due to the surrounding conditions. Approximately 4195 g of mixed dental waste samples were collected from (17) healthcare centers in Baghdad Al-Karkh. The leaching behavior of ZnO powder was investigated through batch reactors using makeup dental solid waste samples. The ZnO leaching was tested with 3 conditions; acidic, alkaline, and Ionic Strength (IS). The acidic condition was considered the most hazardous condition compared with basic and salinity due to the increasing tendency of ZnO to release Zn ion within waste leachate. In solutions with low pH, the dissolution of ZnO tends to produce zinc ions due to the attack of the ZnO surface by proton. In solutions of pH more than 9, the degradation of zinc oxide produces hydroxide complexes. Increasing (IS) decreased zinc concentration in leachate samples with time by promoting solids aggregation, decreasing the repulsive forces of ZnO particles, and accumulating in the bottom of reactors.

Diminishing oocyte quality with advancing age is associated with deficiency of nitric oxide synthase cofactors, tetrahydrobiopterin, and zinc, in mouse oocytes

To study the implications of decreased zinc and tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) associated with chronological aging on oocyte quality using a mouse model. H4B and zinc are essential cofactors for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), because they aid in electron transfer and dimeric stability, and their bioavailability is crucial in regulating NOS coupling. We have previously shown that sufficient levels of nitric oxide (NO) are essential for maintaining oocyte quality and activation, and NO levels decrease in the oocyte as a function of age. Thus, it is plausible that zinc and H4B may decrease as a function of age, resulting in NOS dysfunction with subsequent depletion of NO. Additionally, increased production of reactive oxygen species from the monomeric form can further disrupt oocyte quality and NO bioavailability. Experimental laboratory study. Laboratory. B6D2F1 mice. Sibling oocytes were retrieved from super-ovulated B6D2F1 mice from 3 age groups: 8-14 weeks (young breeders [YBs]), 48-52 weeks (retired breeders [RBs]), and 80-84 weeks (old animals [OAs]). Oocytes were scored for ooplasmic/spindle microtubule (MT) morphology, chromosomal alignment, and cortical granule (CG) intactness using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy with 3 dimension image reconstruction and subjected to an high-performance liquid chromatography assay to measure the concentrations of H4B and its metabolites, as well as the zinc measurement using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Oocyte scoring showed a reduction in "good" quality oocyte percentage as age increases, with YB having the highest percentage of quality oocytes followed by RB and OA. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed a significant progressive decrease in total H4B in RB and OA (0.00098 picogram (pg)/oocyte and 0.00069 pg/oocyte, respectively) compared with YB (0.00125 pg/oocyte). Atomic absorbance spectrophotometry revealed a significant progressive decrease in zinc concentration in RB and OA compared with YB (8.45 pg/oocyte and 5.82 pg/oocyte vs. 10.05 pg/oocyte, respectively). Age-related diminution in oocyte quality is paralleled by a decline in the levels of H4B and zinc. The resultant deficiency in the oocytes can lead to the inability of NOS to maintain dimerization. Consequent uncoupling of NOS generates superoxide instead of NO, which participates in a multitude of reactions contributing to oxidative stress. Therefore, dysfunction of NOS secondary to zinc and H4B loss is a major mechanism involved in reactive oxygen species generation and oocyte quality deterioration related to the chronological age.

Combating hidden hunger caused by wheat and soil-drived zinc deficiency

Essential vitamins, proteins, and microelements are provided by nutrition, but inadequate and nutrient-poor diets can lead to hidden hunger. Zinc deficiency is a significant hidden resource that affects multiple bodily functions, including immune system function, growth, and development. The primary reasons for the prevalence of zinc deficiency in humans are grain-based products with low concentrations and low zinc solubility in the soil. Intensifying plant production and the inability to replace nutrients absorbed in excess from the soil leads to zinc deficiency in the soil. Consequently, substantial reductions in crop yields are observed, along with decreased zinc concentrations in harvested grains. A number of unsustainable strategies, including expensive medical supplements and zinc-enriched flour-based products to address zinc deficiency, are temporary solutions. Additionally, one such strategy is agronomic biofortification, which recommends utilizing water-soluble zinc fertilizers to increase the concentration of zinc in the plant and soil. A more sustainable and cost-effective approach involves employing traditional plant breeding and molecular techniques to develop new zinc-biofortified cultivars. By enriching wheat with zinc, it absorbs 20-40% more zinc from the soil. Here, this paper will discuss the role of zinc deficiency in wheat and soil and its impact on both crop yield and human nutrition, with a particular emphasis on biofortified wheat.

Computational estimation of sediment symbiotic bacterial structures of seagrasses overgrowing downstream of onshore aquaculture

Coastal seagrass meadows are essential in blue carbon and aquatic ecosystem services. However, this ecosystem has suffered severe eutrophication and destruction due to the expansion of aquaculture. Therefore, methods for the flourishing of seagrass are still being explored. Here, data from 49 public coastal surveys on the distribution of seagrass and seaweed around the onshore aquaculture facilities are revalidated, and an exceptional area where the seagrass Zostera marina thrives was found near the shore downstream of the onshore aquaculture facility. To evaluate the characteristics of the sediment for growing seagrass, physicochemical properties and bacterial ecological evaluations of the sediment were conducted. Evaluation of chemical properties in seagrass sediments confirmed a significant increase in total carbon and a decrease in zinc content. Association analysis and linear discriminant analysis refined bacterial candidates specified in seagrass overgrown- and nonovergrown-sediment. Energy landscape analysis indicated that the symbiotic bacterial groups of seagrass sediment were strongly affected by the distance close to the seagrass-growing aquaculture facility despite their bacterial population appearing to fluctuate seasonally. The bacterial population there showed an apparent decrease in the pathogen candidates belonging to the order Flavobacteriales. Moreover, structure equation modeling and a linear non-Gaussian acyclic model based on the machine learning data estimated an optimal sediment symbiotic bacterial group candidate for seagrass growth as follows: the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families as gut-inhabitant bacteria, Rhodobacteraceae as photosynthetic bacteria, and Desulfobulbaceae as cable bacteria modulating oxygen or nitrate reduction and oxidation of sulfide. These observations confer a novel perspective on the sediment symbiotic bacterial structures critical for blue carbon and low-pathogenic marine ecosystems in aquaculture.

The influence of high-fat and high-sucrose feeding regimes on organ weight, body weight, and serum concentration of bioelements in rats

BackgroundObesity is one of the most common diseases of civilization, and approximately 13 % of the world’s adult population is obese. Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of fat in the human body, which leads to adverse health effects such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease (e.g., nonalcoholic liver disease). The development of obesity is accompanied by changes in the levels of certain bioelements such as copper and zinc. These elements may have an influence on the proper functioning of the central nervous system. MethodFifty-six male Wistar rats (initial weight 290–300 g) were divided into seven experimental groups. They were fed with different feeding patterns (constant versus intermittent–binge access) and exposed to different diets (high sucrose versus high fat) to analyze the factors that affect the organ weight gain (pancreas, spleen, liver, testes, and kidneys) and total body weight gain. Further, zinc and copper levels in the serum of the animals were determined. The relationship between organ and body weight and serum metal concentration was analyzed by cluster and principal component analyses. ResultsRats with unlimited access to high fat diet (HF) and restricted intake of high sugar diet (for 2-hours daily-HSB and every second day-IHSB) have elevated body weight in comparison to the control. However, the heaviest organ weights were recorded in the HSB rats compared to the control group (pancreas, 14 %; spleen, 9 %; kidneys, 5 %; and liver, 3 %). On the other hand, an average 20 % decrease in zinc concentration was observed in rats fed with high-fat diet compared to the control. Moreover, an 18 % decrease in copper levels was observed in rats that had periodic access to high-fat diet every 2 h daily and for 2 h every other day compared to the control. ConclusionBoth the high-sucrose and high-fat diets had an influence on body and organ weights. This study demonstrates an association between the different types of diet and the parameters investigated (body and organ weights and concentration of serum bioelements).

Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies.

Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an enhanced mass exchange surface (liquid metal surface) due to the formation of a meniscus. This is due to the electromagnetic field applied to the liquid metal. This study reports the removal of zinc from the Al-Zn alloy containing 6.3 wt.%. Zn. The experiments were carried out with the use of two types of metallurgical devices: the VIM and ISM furnaces. For the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace, reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa, together with the increase in temperature from 953 K to 1103 K, is accompanied by a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 96%, compared with the initial value. Simultaneously, the overall mass transfer coefficient kZn increases from 5.15 × 10−6 to −1.49 × 10−4 ms−1. For the experiments carried out in the furnace with a cold crucible (T = 953 K), a reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa resulted in a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 18 to 80%, compared with the initial value. For comparison, the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace at 953 K showed a reduction in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 50%, which means that more intense zinc evaporation is seen in the furnace with a cold crucible. Comparison of ISM and VIM technologies in the removal efficiency of the Al-Zn alloy indicates a higher removal efficiency using the first technology, which, using the same conditions, achieves 80% of the removal efficiency of the component.

WITHDRAWN: Theoretical, spectroscopic study about evaluation of trace elements (zinc and cadmium) µmol/L for pregnant women of age bearing during trimester

The search for new variables useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of pregnant women from important areas in the field of research, where some studies focused on the case of pregnancy, while other research has focused on the assessment of some trace element, including zinc and the study of some of the contaminants including cadmium as variables in the course Tripartite pregnancies. Also Study the geometrical and structural composition (theoretical study). The program for calculations was selected GAMEES that conducted through the total energy of the molecule of hemoglobin and interaction with elements which include the lengths of the bonds and the angles between the bonds by using the methods of PM1 measured values. That showed a very close values, and so been adopted in subsequent calculations. This study was conducted on 80 pregnant women and the neonatal age, reviews of Al Zahraa birth hospital, Najaf governorate. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There was a significant decrease in zinc concentration at a probability level (p <0.05) in the first trimester of pregnancy compared with the study groups and the control group. 2. Significant increase in cadmium concentration at a potential level (p <0.05) in the second trimester of pregnancy compared with the study groups and control group.

Features of the heavy metals content accumulation in grain of spring barley varieties (Hordeum sativum) for different applications as affected by the duration of storage

Purpose. Investigate the content of heavy metals in spring barley varieties for different applications depending on the duration of grain storage.&#x0D; Methods. Laboratory, analytical, statistical.&#x0D; Results. It was found that the studied varieties, regardless of the application had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Grain varieties have an inverse relationship with the intensity of lead concentration in the grain of spring barley: the longer the storage, the lower its content in the grain. The accumulation of heavy metals of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the grain of spring barley varieties of grain use allows us to note that with increasing storage, their content decreases. It was found that the accumulation of heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the grain of spring barley for grain increases as affected by the storage period. There was a decrease in zinc content after a month of storage and depending on varietal characteristics. A slight increase, in the varieties of the brewery application was found after three and six months of grain storage. When analyzing the data, it can be noted that after nine months and a year of storage, there was an increase in the copper content, but to the maximum permitted level.&#x0D; Conclusions. Varieties of spring barley, regardless of the application, had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Varieties ‘Stalker’ and ‘Ahrarii’ are sensitive to lead: the content of this element immediately after threshing was 1.08 mg/kg and 1.12 mg/kg. A month later, these figures were 0.73 mg/kg and 1.02 mg/kg. Storage of spring barley grain for 9 and 12 months shows that the accumulation of cadmium has increased compared to the indicators obtained immediately after threshing. Thus, in the varieties ‘Stalker’ this figure was 0.09 mg/kg, and in ‘Ahrarii’ 0.13 and 0.014 mg/kg. The most sensitive to the accumulation of copper (Cu) immediately after threshing were varieties ‘Ahrarii’ with 3.00 mg/kg and ‘Vzirets’ with 2.56 mg/kg, and the lowest content had varieties ‘Shchedryk’ with 2.27 mg/kg and ‘Stalker’ with 2.31 mg/kg. ‘Enei’ variety of universal application was characterizing by a lower content of heavy metals in comparison with grain varieties. In spring malting barley, depending on the duration of grain storage, it was found that as in previous grain and universal application, the content of heavy metals accumulates differently depending on the varietal characteristics.

Diet supplemented either with dried chicory root or chicory inulin significantly influence kidney and liver mineral content and antioxidative capacity in growing pigs

According to the Regulation No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and European Union Council, the use of antibiotics as a dietary supplements has been prohibited. It seems that the administration of prebiotics, instead of antibiotics, into the pig's diet, may regulate the intestinal microbiota and has a long-term health-related impact on the host. Inulin-type fructans can stimulate mineral absorption from the gut. Additionally, it may regulate energy metabolism and activate enzymatic mechanisms preventing oxidative stress. The goal of the present study was to estimate the influence of dietary supplementation with dried chicory root or native chicory inulin on 1) liver histology; 2) liver and kidney lipid metabolism indices, activity of selected enzymes, concentration of macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals; 3) blood plasma, liver and kidney oxidative stress biomarkers and 4) blood plasma water–electrolyte homeostasis indices in growing pigs. The nutritional study was conducted on 24 piglets assigned to 3 dietary groups (n = 8): control (C) fed a basal diet and two experimental groups receiving basal diet supplemented with 2% of inulin (IN) either 4% of dried chicory root (CR). The animals were fed with a group-specific diets for 40 days and then subjected to euthanasia. Subsequently, blood, liver and kidney samples were harvested for further processing. In the control and experimental groups, no apparent morphological abnormalities in the liver tissues were seen. The percent of periodic acid Schiff positive glycogen liver cells was significantly lower in the CR group as compared to C and IN groups (P < 0.001). Chicory root supplementation improved blood plasma prooxidative-antioxidative balance – PAB (P < 0.001) and liver PAB (P < 0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances – thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). Feeding the CR diet increased calcium (P < 0.001) and potassium (P < 0.05) and decreased cadmium (P ≥ 0.05) content in the liver when compared to the C group. Administration of the CR and IN diets increased selenium (Se) and sodium concentrations, whereas decreased zinc content both in the liver (P < 0.01; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) and in the kidney (P < 0.01; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) of pigs. Additionally, a higher concentration of lead (P < 0.05) was observed in the kidney of pigs fed the CR diet. In conclusion, both dietary supplements had a potential to significantly improve the Se status and oxidoreductive homeostasis in growing pigs.

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Zinc and Iron Accumulation during Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain Development.

Breeding and engineering of biofortified crops will benefit from a better understanding of bottlenecks controlling micronutrient loading within the seeds. However, few studies have addressed the changes in micronutrient concentrations, localization, and speciation occurring over time. Therefore, we studied spatial patterns of zinc and iron accumulation during grain development in two barley lines with contrasting grain zinc concentrations. Microparticle-induced-X-ray emission and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine tissue-specific accumulation of zinc, iron, phosphorus, and sulfur. Differences in zinc accumulation between the lines were most evident in the endosperm and aleurone. A gradual decrease in zinc concentrations from the aleurone to the underlying endosperm was observed, while iron and phosphorus concentrations decreased sharply. Iron co-localized with phosphorus in the aleurone, whereas zinc co-localized with sulfur in the sub-aleurone. We hypothesize that differences in grain zinc are largely explained by the endosperm storage capacity. Engineering attempts should be targeted accordingly.

Ovarian cancer risk according to circulating zinc and copper concentrations: A meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

Ovarian cancer is a lethal disease with few modifiable risk factors. Circulating zinc and copper are potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer; however, evidence of their causal effects are scarce. This study aimed to examine the impact of circulating zinc and copper concentrations on ovarian cancer risk, using meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Twenty case-control studies, including 699 patients with ovarian cancer, 567 patients with benign ovarian lesions, and 1194 healthy controls, were selected for meta-analysis. With a Two-sample MR approach, genetic instruments of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating zinc and 25 SNPs associated with circulating copper were created. Their genetic associations with ovarian cancer were extracted from a genome-wide association study of 25,509 ovarian cancer cases and 40,941 controls. Ovarian cancer patients had significantly lower concentrations of circulating zinc than healthy controls (Standardized mean differences [SMD]=-1.01, 95% CI:-1.38 to-0.64). In contrast, circulating copper concentrations were significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients (SMD=1.46, 95% CI: 0.82 to 2.09). In MR analysis, we only found increased circulating zinc concentration causally associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio=0.968, 95% CI: 0.941 to 0.995, per SD of ranked-inverse normalized concentration), especially in the high-grade serous subtype. Although increased circulating copper and decreased zinc concentrations were found in ovarian cancer patients, a suggestive causal association was only detected with zinc concentration, suggesting further studies on zinc interventions for ovarian cancer might have clinical impact.

Assessment of Serum Zinc and Copper Levels, and Cu / Zn Ratio Among Patients of Côte D’Ivoire with Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar level. It is caused by a lack of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are approximately 501,530 people living with diabetes in Cote d’Ivoire with an estimated prevalence of 5.19% in 2013. Unfortunately impairment of zinc and copper leads to increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance and diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess the zinc and copper status in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study involved 80 type 2 diabetics and 80 non-diabetic as controls. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed in whole blood using the Hitachi Roche Cobas C311. The serum assays of zinc and copper then of glycemia were carried out using a flame-air / acetylene atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) of the brand Varian Spectr AA-20 Victoria, Australia and on the Cobas C311 respectively. A significant decrease in zinc content (P ˂ 0.0001) and a significant increase in copper content as well as the Cu / Zn ratio (P ˂ 0.0001) were observed in type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic control. The lower serum zinc values and the high Cu / Zn ratio could justify the high level of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Assessment of zinc and copper is essential in the monitoring of complications due to type 2 diabetes.

Meat productivity and quality of goose meat when using nanostructural zeolite in feeding

The article presents comparative studies of the meat productivity of geese of the Lindovskaya breed when zeolite and nanostructured zeolite feed additives are introduced into their diets. It was shown that the use of zeolite contributed to an increase in the live weight of geese by 4.0 %, the use of different doses of nanostructured zeolite led to an increase by 6.2–10.2 % (P≤0.05), in comparison with control analogues. When using zeolite in meat, the content of zinc and copper salts decreased by 28.0 and 13.1 %. The introduction of nanostructured zeolite into the diet led to a decrease in zinc content by 27.5–31.3 % and that of copper by 27.1–48.6 % compared with the control. The meat of birds of all groups corresponded to hygienic quality requirements for the content of chemical elements.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF WATER ON CULINARY PROCESSING OF MUSHROOMS ON CONCENTRATION IN ZINC AND COPPER

The influence of water without mineral residue on the concentration in fungi of micronutrients during their culinary processing was investigated. It was found that the concentration of zinc in the mushrooms decreased from 1,18 to 1,76 times by soaking them for 1 day in water without mineral residue (boiled water from which the mineral residue was removed). In particular, the least decrease in zinc concentration was observed in mushrooms Gyroporus cyanescens (Lat.), and the greatest decrease in mushrooms Armillaria mellea (Lat.). In other species of deaths the following decrease in zinc concentration was observed: Cantharēllus cibārius (Lat.) — by 1,22 times, Laetiporus sulphureus (Lat.) — by 1,2 times, Butyriboletus regius (Lat.) — by 1,23 times, Leccinum (Lat.) — by 1,2 times, Russula Pers. (Lat.) — by 1,2 times, Boletus edulis (Lat.) — by 1,21 times, Amanita rubescens (Lat.) — by 1,21 times, Leccinum scabrum (Lat.) — by 1,2 times, Leccinum aurantiacum (Lat.) — by 1,21 times. From 1,09 to 1,5 times a decrease in zinc concentration for soaking mushrooms during the 1 day in water without mineral residue (distilled) was observed. The smallest decrease in zinc concentration was observed in mushrooms Gyroporus cyanescens (Lat.), and the greatest decrease in mushrooms Armillaria mellea (Lat.), as in the first variant. Other types of mushrooms showed the following indicators: Cantharēllus cibārius (Lat.) — by 1,12 times, Laetiporus sulphureus (Lat.) — by 1,12 times, Butyriboletus regius (Lat.) — by 1,12 times, Leccinum (Lat.) — by 1,1 times, Russula Pers. (Lat.) — by 1,12 times, Boletus edulis (Lat.) — by 1,1 times, Amanita rubescens (Lat.) — by 1,14 times, Leccinum scabrum (Lat.) — by 1,11 times, Leccinum aurantiacum (Lat.) — by 1,14 times. The concentration of copper in the mushrooms decreased from 4 to 11 times by soaking them for 1 day in water without mineral residue (boiled water from which the mineral residue was removed). In particular, the smallest decrease in copper concentration was observed in mushrooms Armillaria mellea (Lat.), and most — in mushrooms Amanita rubescens (Lat.), and other mushrooms had such indicators — Cantharēllus cibārius (Lat.) — by 11 times, Gyroporus cyanescens (Lat.) — by 10,7 times, Laetiporus sulphureus (Lat.) — by 5 times, Butyriboletus regius (Lat.) — by 6 times, Leccinum (Lat.) — by 8,5 times, Russula Pers. (Lat.) — by 11 times, Boletus edulis (Lat.) — by 9 times, Leccinum scabrum (Lat.) — by 9,6 times, Leccinum aurantiacum (Lat.) — by 9 times. From 1,8 to 2,5 times the concentration of copper for soaking mushrooms during the 1day in water without mineral residue (distilled) decreased: the smallest decrease in the concentration of copper was observed in mushrooms Leccinum aurantiacum (Lat.), and the largest decrease — in mushrooms Laetiporus sulphureus (Lat.). And in other kinds of mushrooms the following indicators are noted: Cantharēllus cibārius (Lat.) — by 2 times, Gyroporus cyanescens (Lat.) — by 2,15 times, Butyriboletus regius (Lat.) — by 2 times, Leccinum (Lat.) — by 2,12 times, Russula Pers. (Lat.) — by 2,09 times, Boletus edulis (Lat.) — by 2 times, Amanita rubescens (Lat.) — by 1,83 times, Leccinum scabrum (Lat.) — by 2,18 times, Armillaria mellea (Lat.) — by 2.12 times.

Modeling Water Pollution under Different Scenarios of Zinc Load on the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir Watershed

The potentialities of the physically-based model ECOMAG-HM for the study of zinc content formation regularities in the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir basin have been demonstrated. The basin is characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals in natural waters due to the significant content of ore-forming elements in rocks and a high level of economic development. The daily zinc concentrations have been calculated, and the maps of mean annual zinc concentrations in the river network have been compiled. Local areas of the catchment not covered by hydrochemical observations and showing a significant level of river water contamination by zinc have been identified. The fields of the genetic components of zinc hydrochemical runoff have been calculated. The contribution of anthropogenic sources to the zinc runoff formation has been estimated, and it has been established that, with the current level of anthropogenic load, the contribution of wastewater point discharges does not exceed 4%. The scenarios and consequences of increasing the amount of zinc discharged as part of wastewater are considered. The time scale of the catchment self-purification from zinc has been evaluated. The results show that, in the absence of external impacts on the catchment area, a decrease in zinc content in river waters over a 400-year period will be about as little as 8%.

Structural and magnetic properties of nanosized CoxZn(1-x)Fe2O4 (x= 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) synthesized via autocatalytic thermal decomposition of hydrazinated cobalt zinc ferrous succinate

Nanocrystalline monophasic cobalt substituted zinc ferrite with general formula CoxZn(1-x)Fe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) were synthesized by precursor combustion method. The precursors namely, hexa-hydrazine cobalt zinc ferrous succinate with formulae CoxZn(1-x)Fe2(C4H4O4)3.6N2H4 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) were characterized by IR, CHNS, ICP-AES analysis, and their thermal studies were carried out by TG-DTA, TG-DTG, and isothermal mass loss studies. The ‘as prepared’ Co–Zn ferrites obtained by auto-catalytic thermal decomposition of precursors, on initial ignition, were characterized by XRD, IR, EDAX, TEM, and SEM. The SAED and XRD studies confirmed the formation of crystalline single phase nano Co–Zn ferrites. The morphology of these ‘as prepared’ ferrites was studies by TEM analysis which confirmed the particles to be in the nanometer range (20–30 nm). The increase in cobalt concentration resulted in reduced lattice parameter. The electrical resistivity declined while the Curie temperature surged with a decreased zinc concentration in ‘as prepared’ Co–Zn ferrites. The magnetization studies with the applied field at 300 K and 50 K displayed a gradual increase in magnetization values with the rise in cobalt content while confirming the super-paramagnetic nature of Co–Zn ferrite nano-system.