Decrease In Rectal Temperature Research Articles

Justification of the possibility of using liquid artificial lung ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome of toxic genesis

Introduction. Pulmonotoxicants are chemicals that cause bronchospasm and damage to the alveolar capillary membrane. Lesions of the respiratory system with pulmonotoxicants in industrial accidents are especially relevant at the present time. Existing methods of treatment for the defeat of pulmonotoxicants and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are becoming ineffective, therefore, one of the tasks of modern medicine is to develop new methods of treating ARDS. One of these methods may be the creation of a "therapeutic window" by using perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids. This article will present an experimental assessment of the use of liquid artificial lung ventilation (LALV) PFC liquids on the ARDS lung model. The study aims to explore the possibility of using liquid artificial lung ventilation to create a therapeutic window in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome of a chemical nature. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a study on male Wistar rats aged 4 months, weighing 180–190 g. Toxic pulmonary edema was caused by endotracheal administration of 0.1 m HCl solution. The anesthetized patients were intubated using a cannula, after which the researchers intratracheally injected 0.1 M HCl solution at a dose of 2 ml/kg, a decrease in saturation below 80 was expected. Then the experts randomized the animals by weight into groups of 6 individuals each. They connected the animals of the control group to a ventilator. The animals of the experimental group were treated with PFC liquids for an hour, then transferred to a ventilator. Perfluorodecalin was used as a PFC liquid. The scientists recorded heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, rectal temperature, life expectancy and overall survival by group. Results. In the control group, after instillation of 0.1 M HCl solution and connection to a ventilator during the first 25–30 minutes, there was a gradual decrease in SpO2 to 74.0±5.6% (background — 95.0±3.5%) and an increase in heart rate to 182.0±8.6 beats/min., (background — 278.0±14.8 beats/min.) after which there was decompensation of the animal condition. In animals of the experimental group, after connecting to the LALV device, a sharp decrease in heart rate was recorded during the first 5 minutes to 61.0±8.5 beats/min. In turn, saturation did not change significantly throughout the LALV and was in the range from 95 to 100%. As a result of the experiments, it was noted that the average survival time in the experimental group was 256.0±34.5 minutes, which was significantly (p<0.001) more than 5 times higher than this indicator in the control animals — 45.3±4.3 minutes. There were no significant changes in the study of rectal temperature in the animals of the control group. In turn, the animals of the experimental group showed a sharp decrease in rectal temperature during the first 30 minutes from the beginning of LALV, on average by 5.8±1.60°С. As a result of the pathoanatomic autopsy, differences in lung mass coefficients were revealed in different groups. Thus, in the control group and the experimental groups, it was 1.67±0.06 and 2.4±0.045%, respectively. Conclusion. On the model of ARDS caused by endotracheal administration of 0.1M hydrochloric acid solution, it was shown that living with the use of PFC of low temperature liquids, unlike conventional mechanical ventilation, allows for a long time to maintain a stable condition of animals; evacuate a significant amount of edematous fluid from the lungs and thereby increase the duration of their survival. The data presented above indicate that the use of hypothermic LALV can be used to create a "therapeutic window" for ARDS, including its most severe form — the alveolar stage of toxic pulmonary edema. Ethics. Studies involving laboratory animals were conducted in compliance with the following regulations: the Helsinki Declaration of 2000 "On humane treatment of animals", Order No. 755 of the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated 08/12/1977 "Rules for carrying out work using experimental animals", Order No. 199n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 04/01/2016 "On approval of the rules of laboratory practice". The protocol of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health. Protocol No. 4 dated May 25, 2022.

In Rodents, Methanol Extract from Ritchiea capparoides leaf has Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Properties

Background: Ritchiea capparoides leaves are traditionally used in Southern Nigeria to cure fever, snake bites, aches, and malaria. Consequently, the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of Ritchiea capparoides leaf ethanol extract were assessed in rodents in this work. Methods: Using acetic acid and tail immersion models in mice, the analgesic effect was investigated, and xylene, egg-albumen, brewer's yeast, and dinitrophenol models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties in mice and rats at doses of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg of the methanol extract. The plant's leaf extract was also subjected to oral acute toxicity testing and phytochemical screening. Results: At p<0.05 and p<0.01, the methanol leaf extract and the common medication (aspirin) considerably reduced the amount of writhes brought on by acetic acid. The reaction times of the tested agent's standard and extract groups significantly increased. The extract significantly reduced oedema in the egg-albumin-induced paw oedema model, with dose-related inhibition of p<0.05 and p<0.01, similar to aspirin. When compared to dexamethasone, Ritchiea capparoides leaf extract likewise showed a significant p<0.05 and p<0.01 effect in the xylene-induced mouse ear oedema test. Rats with pyrexia caused by dinitrophenol and Brewer's yeast both showed a statistically significant decrease in rectal temperatures. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides are all present in the methanol leaf extract. It was discovered that the oral acute toxicity testing were more than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings supported the traditional use of R. capparoides as a medicine by demonstrating the plant's possible analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties at the tested concentrations of methanol leaf extract.

Antihypoxic effect of almid-containing metal-complex compounds in the experiment

BACKGROUND: To increase resistance to hypoxia, various methods of hypoxic training, mental effects, and use of pharmacological antihypoxants are employed.
 AIM: To test new metal-complex compounds containing the antihypoxant almid in mice under conditions of acute hypoxia to determine their protective properties.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first stage of the study, four new metal-complex compounds of magnesium, calcium, titanium, and vanadium containing the antihypoxant almid were screened in experiments on mice (n = 550) under acute hypoxic conditions with hypercapnia. The antihypoxants almid and amtizole were used as comparison substances. Acute hypoxia was induced by placing the animals in pharmacy glasses with a volume of 0.25 L with closed lapped stoppers. The substances were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg previously dissolved in 0.3 mL of NaCl solution. The incubation period was 60 min. The antihypoxic effect was considered confirmed if the lifespan increased by ≥20%. “Lifespan” refers to the time interval from the moment the mice were placed in a pharmacy glass to the development of the first agonal inhalation, after which the animals were quickly removed to preserve life. The rectal temperature of the animals was measured before the introduction of substances, immediately before being exposed to acute hypoxic conditions with hypercapnia, and after removal. Twenty-four hours after the first stage of the experiment, mice of the control group and mice that proved their ability to resist acute hypoxia with hypercapnia were repeatedly exposed to acute hypoxic conditions with hypercapnia after the use of substances.
 RESULTS: A distinct antihypoxic effect exceeding the effectiveness of the comparison substances was obtained only in one substance—πQ2460 with titanium as a metal-complexing agent—and a ligand in the form of fumaric acid. After the administration of πQ2460, a dose-dependent decrease in rectal temperature was observed in mice. The lifespan of animals increased with an increase in the dosage of πQ2460, i.e., by 43.9%, 103.1%, and 152.8% for doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the second stage of the experiment confirmed the stable protective effect of πQ2460 but with an equalization of the effect of the studied doses, which increased the lifespan under acute hypoxic conditions with hypercapnia to an average of 60–70 min (control group, 40.5 min).
 CONCLUSION: Among the compounds containing the antihypoxant almid in the complex molecule, πQ2460 (metal, titanium; ligand, fumaric acid) was found to have a stable protective dose-dependent effect on the development of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia in mice exceeding that for almid and the reference antihypoxant amtizole. The antihypoxic effect of πQ2460 persisted 24 h after its administration but leveled off for the studied doses—25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Considering the data obtained during the comparison of the indicators of resistance to acute hypoxia in the control group, a hypothesis was proposed regarding the possibility of forming a preconditioning effect in animals from the primary effects of acute hypoxia.

Combined oral intake of short and long fructans alters the gut microbiota in food allergy model mice and contributes to food allergy prevention

BackgroundIt has become clear that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in food allergies. The objective of this study was to assess the food allergy-preventive effects of combined intake of a short fructan (1-kestose [Kes]) and a long fructan (inulin ([Inu]) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy mouse model.ResultsOral administration of fructans lowered the allergenic symptom score and alleviated the decreases in rectal temperature and total IgA levels and increases in OVA-specific IgE and IgA levels induced by high-dose OVA challenge, and in particular, combined intake of Kes and Inu significantly suppressed the changes in all these parameters. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, which was increased in the allergy model group, was significantly suppressed by fructan administration, and the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased upon Kes administration. 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the gut microbiota and beta diversity analysis revealed that fructan administration may induce gut microbiota resistance to food allergy sensitization, rather than returning the gut microbiota to a non-sensitized state. The relative abundances of the genera Parabacteroides B 862,066 and Alloprevotella, which were significantly reduced by food allergy sensitization, were restored by fructan administration. In Parabacteroides, the relative abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and their fructan-degrading glycoside hydrolase family 32 gene copy numbers were increased upon Kes or Inu administration. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (acetate and propionate) and lactate were increased by fructan administration, especially significantly in the Kes + Inu, Kes, and Inu-fed (Inu, Kes + Inu) groups.ConclusionCombined intake of Kes and Inu suppressed allergy scores more effectively than single intake, suggesting that Kes and Inu have different allergy-preventive mechanisms. This indicates that the combined intake of these short and long fructans may have an allergy-preventive benefit.

PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor Dactolisib Attenuates Allergic Response Through Inhibitions of the Sensitization and Mast Cell Activation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-allergic potentials of dactolisib, a dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor, on two important events for allergy: sensitization and the onset of anaphylactic symptoms. After sensitization with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA), five successive oral administrations of dactolisib effectively decreased serum anti-OVA antibody-an indicator of sensitization-levels in mice. In parallel with the antibody levels in their serum, anaphylactic rectal temperature decrease induced by the re-administration of OVA to dactolisib-treated mice was strongly diminished compared to that in vehicle-treated mice. The inhibitor also inhibited ex vivo splenic B cell activation indicated by the increase of phosphorylation of Akt, CD69 expression levels, and proliferation upon anti-B cell receptor antibody treatment, suggesting that suppressive effects of the inhibitor on B cell activation plays a role in its ability to decrease sensitization in vivo. We concurrently observed the anti-anaphylactic ability of dactolisib in vivoand in vitro. A single oral administration of the inhibitor attenuated the anaphylactic rectal temperature decrease induced in a mouse model of passive systemic anaphylaxis. In in vitro mast cell models, pretreatment with the drug inhibited the degranulation response and cytokine production in RBL2H3 cells triggered by IgE and antigens, without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that dactolisib, as well as other PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, might be a good candidate for anti-allergic drugs that exhibit both anti-sensitizing and anti-anaphylactic effects.

Stability of unilaterally adrenalectomized rats to anaesthesia using xylazine-ketamine as a model

The stability of every patient to anaesthesia is crucial to a successful surgery and full recovery. This study evaluated the stability of unilaterally adrenalectomized rats to anaesthesia using Xylazine-Ketamine as a model. Twelve female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups of 6 each. Group 1 were the sham group which underwent laparotomy only, while group 2 had their left adrenal glands excised. Three weeks post-adrenalectomy, the animals in both groups were anaesthetized according to standard technique. Anaesthetic parameters assessed include the induction time, time to attain surgical plane of anaesthesia, duration of surgical plane of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia, rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Results showed that the mean induction time, time to attain surgical plane of anaesthesia and duration of anaesthesia were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the two groups. The pedal withdrawal reflex (PWR) and the whiskers movement (WM) were used to evaluate the duration of surgical plane of anaesthesia. The duration of surgical plane of anaesthesia determined by the PWR was significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the unilaterally adrenalectomized rats. There were also significant decreases in rectal temperature and respiratory rate when the unilaterally adrenalectomized groups were compared to the controls. From the results, the unilaterally adrenalectomized rats were comparatively as stable to Xylazine-Ketamine anaesthetic protocol as their intact counterparts, at three weeks post-adrenalectomy. However, there may be need to exercise caution when choosing an anaesthetic protocol for unilaterally adrenalectomized animals with special considerations given the depth and duration of anaesthesia required for a procedure and the length of time post-adrenalectomy.

Evaluation of Anaesthetic Indices and Physiological Variables Following Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Acepromazine-Butorphanol-Propofol Combination in Dogs

The study determined the anaesthetic and physiological effects of Acepromazine-Butorphanol-Propofol (ABP-combination) and propofol alone (PRO alone) in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups to evaluate the anaesthetic and physiological effects following ABP-combination and PRO-alone anaesthesia administered intravenously (iv). Acepromazine at 0.02mg/kg and Butorphanol at 0.05mg/kg iv were used to premedicate the dogs and Propofol at 4mg/kg for induction five minutes after premedication in ABP-combination group while Propofol alone at 6mg/kg for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) induction without premedication. Onset of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia time to standing, onset and duration of analgesia and duration of intubation were measured, whereas temperature, heart rate and respiratory rates were measured before induction of anaesthesia and at five minutes interval during anaesthesia. All the anaesthetic indices were significantly (p<0.05) different between groups while onset and duration of analgesia was recorded in ABP group only. Significantly (p<0.05) longer duration of anaesthesia was produced by ABP-combination compared with PRO-alone. Time to standing were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two treatments. The onset and duration of analgesia was 5.0±2.0 and 33.6±3.2 min. following ABP-combination but no analgesia recorded with PRO-alone. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in rectal temperature and respiratory rate from the baseline in ABP-combination group but not significant in PRO-alone group. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in heart rates between groups. ABP-combination TIVA provided longer duration of anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal effects on vital parameters. The dogs recovered from the anaesthesia uneventfully. The ABP-combination can be evaluated for clinical procedures in dog.

Effects of peripheral active warming and passive insulation on core body temperature during feline ovariohysterectomy: a multi-arm randomized clinical trial.

Hypothermia is a common complication of anesthesia, particularly in cats. Some veterinarians insulate the extremities of cats as a preventive measure, and there is evidence that heating the extremities of dogs decreases the rate of heat loss from the core. This study investigated whether active warming or passive insulation of the extremities of cats resulted in a slower decrease in rectal temperature during anesthesia. Female cats were assigned via block randomization to passive (cotton toddler socks), active (heated toddler socks) or control group (uncovered extremities). Rectal temperature was monitored every 5 mins from induction through return to trap/carrier (final temperature). Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare temperature (rate change and final) between groups. There were 164 cats with 1757 temperature readings. Mean total duration of anesthesia was 53 ± 13 mins. The temperature of all groups decreased linearly over time (all P <0.0001), with the rates of temperature decrease being -0.039°F/min (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.043 to -0.035)/-0.022°C (95% CI -0.024 to -0.019), -0.039°F/min (95% CI -0.042 to -0.035)/-0.022°C (95% CI -0.023 to -0.019) and -0.029°F/min (95% CI -0.032 to -0.025)/-0.016°C (95% CI -0.018 to -0.014) for the control, passive and active groups, respectively. The control, passive and active groups had median final temperatures of 98.4°F (interquartile range [IQR] 97.6-99.4)/36.9°C (IQR 36.4-37.4), 98.0°F (IQR 97.2-98.7)/36.7°C (IQR 36.2-37.1) and 99.1°F (IQR 97.7-100.0)/37.3°C (IQR 36.5-37.8), respectively. After controlling for weight, postinduction temperature and duration of anesthesia, and as compared with controls, the final temperature of the active group was predicted to be 0.54°F (95% CI 0.03-1.01)/0.3°C (95% CI 0.02-0.56) greater (P = 0.023), while the passive group was not significantly different (P = 0.130). The rate of rectal temperature decrease was significantly slower for the active group compared with the other groups. Although the cumulative difference in final temperature reading was modest, superior materials might enhance performance. Cotton toddler socks alone did not slow the rate of temperature decrease.

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orallyadministered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic. To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Eight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by an equine-specific multiplex assay. Mean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6± 0.3hour after administration. At 4 and 6hours after treatment, both APAP (P= <.001, P= .03, respectively) and FLU (P= .0045 and P< .001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6hours (P= .004 and P= .04), and PLAC at 4hours (P= .05) after treatment. The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from thosereportedbyprevious studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.

Recovery with a fan-cooling jacket after exposure to high solar radiation during exercise in hot outdoor environments.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of body cooling with a fan-cooling jacket on body temperature responses during recovery after exercise when exposed to high solar radiation in a hot outdoor environment. Nine males cycled using ergometer until their rectal temperature increased to 38.50 °C in hot outdoor environments, followed by body cooling recovery in warm indoor environments. Subjects repeatedly performed the cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of one set of 5 min at a load of 1.5 watt/kg body weight and 15 min at a load of 2.0 watt/kg body weight at 60 rpm. Body cooling recovery consisted of cold water ingestion (10°C: CON) or cold water ingestion + wearing a fan-cooling jacket (FAN) until the rectal temperature decreased to 37.75°C. The time for the rectal temperature to reach 38.5°C did not differ between the two trials. The rate of decrease in rectal temperature at recovery tended to be higher in FAN trial than in CON trial (P = 0.082). The rate of decrease in tympanic temperature was higher in FAN trials than in CON trials (P = 0.002). The rate of decrease in mean skin temperature at the first 20 min of recovery was higher in FAN than in CON trial (P = 0.013). Body cooling recovery with a fan-cooling jacket in addition to cold water ingestion may be effective in reducing elevated tympanic and skin temperatures after exercise in the heat under a clear sky, but may be difficult to decrease rectal temperature.

Neonatal Brain Temperature Monitoring Based on Broadband Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

We present here the initial development of a novel algorithm based on broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) data to estimate the changes in brain temperature (BT) in neonates. We first explored the validity of the methodology on a simple numerical phantom and reported good agreements between the theoretical and retrieved values of BT and hemodynamic parameters changes, which are the parameters usually targeted by bNIRS. However, we noted an underestimation of the absolute values of temperature and haemoglobins' concentration changes when large variations of tissue saturation were induced, probably due to a crosstalk between the species in this specific case. We then tested this methodology on data acquired on 2 piglets during a protocol that induces seizures. We showed that despite a decrease in rectal temperature (RT) over time (-0.1048°C 1.5h after seizure induction, 95% CI: -0.1035 to -0.1061°C), BT was raising (0.3122°C 1.5h after seizure induction, 95% CI: 0.3207 to 0.3237°C). We also noted that the piglet displaying the largest decrease in RT also displays the highest increase in BT, which could be a marker of the severity of the seizure induced brain injury. These initial results are encouraging and show that having access to the changes in BT non-invasively could help to better understand the impact of BT on injury severity and to improve the current cooling methodologies in the neonatal neurocritical care following neonatal encephalopathy.

Diet supplementation with commercial enzymatically-hydrolyzed egg white peptides ameliorates the severity of allergy in a mouse model of egg white allergy.

Commercial spray-dried egg white (S-EW) is often used for oral immunotherapy (OIT). Peptifine® (PF), a commercial preparation of enzymatically-hydrolyzed egg white (EW) peptides, is considered safe OIT food. Here, we examined the therapeutic effect of PF or S-EW in a mouse model of EW allergy. Sensitized female BALB/c mice underwent 4-week OIT by supplementation of 19% casein diet with 1% PF (PF group) or S-EW (S-EW group), and non-supplementation of 20% casein diet (non-OIT group). Non-sensitized mice acted as the non-allergy group. Oral and intraperitoneal EW challenges were performed and allergic biomarkers were determined. Changes in rectal temperature after oral challenge were comparable in the allergy groups. However, after intraperitoneal challenge, rectal temperature decrease in the PF and S-EW groups was lower than in the non-OIT group. After 4 weeks, plasma levels of ovalbumin- and ovomucoid-specific antibodies were assessed; IgE levels in the PF and S-EW groups were lower than those in the non-OIT group. Interleukin-4 secretion after EW challenge was significantly lower in splenocyte cultures derived from PF and S-EW groups than in the non-OIT group. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ splenocytes in the PF group was significantly higher than that in the non-OIT and S-EW groups. Oral gavage of 40 mg PF did not induce an allergic response in sensitized mice with EW. Diet supplementation with 1% PF mildly ameliorated the severity of allergy in mouse with EW allergy, indicating that PF is a safe OIT food.

Effect of Hot Water Bottles on Body Temperature during Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study.

Prevention of hypothermia induced by anesthesia and enhanced by low environmental temperatures is difficult in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in dogs as forced warming devices, including magnetic materials, are not acceptable for use in the MRI room. A hot water bottle (HWB) can be carried into an MRI examination room and can contribute to the prevention or attenuation of hypothermia. Here, we retrospectively investigated the effects of HWB on body temperature during MRI examinations in dogs under general anesthesia (GA). From anesthesia records of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Okayama University of Science, validated data of 100 dogs that underwent an MRI examination under GA were obtained and divided into the following two groups: one group received HWB, while the other did not. Decrease in rectal temperature 15 min after intubation was significantly smaller in the group using HWB than in the group without HWB. In conclusion, the use of hot water bottles might be one of the methods to attenuate hypothermia in the early period but should not be expected for complete prevention of hypothermia, and it was not recommendable necessarily for body temperature management during MRI examinations in dogs under general anesthesia.

Duration of skin-to-skin care and rectal temperatures in late preterm and term infants

BackgroundHypothermia during the newborn period is widely regarded as a major contributory cause of significant morbidity and mortality of newborn infants. Thermoprotective behaviours such as skin-to-skin care (SSC) or the use of appropriate devices have been recommended as simple tools for the avoidance of neonatal hypothermia. We examined the relation between the duration of skin-to-skin care and infant temperature change after birth in suboptimal delivery room temperatures.MethodsWe reviewed the medical charts of all vaginally born infants of gestational age ≥ 35 weeks born January-July 2018 and admitted to the well-baby nursery. After SSC was discontinued, the infant’s rectal temperature was measured to determine the frequency and severity of hypothermia.ResultsThe charts of 688 vaginally born infants were examined. Our mean delivery room temperature was 21.7 (SD 2.2) °C, well below the WHO recommendation of 25 °C. After SSC 347 (50.4%) infants were normothermic (temperature 36.5–37.5 °C), 262 (38.0%) were mildly hypothermic (36.0-36.4 °C), and 79 (11.4%) were moderately hypothermic (32.0-35.9 °C). The mean skin-to-skin time in infants was 63.9 (SD 20.9) minutes. SSC duration was associated with increase in rectal temperature for patients of gestational ages ≥ 38 weeks and with decrease in rectal temperature in patients of gestational age < 38 weeks.ConclusionSSC is effective, even at suboptimal delivery room temperatures, for promoting normothermia in infants of ≥ 38 weeks’ gestation but may not provide adequate warmth for infants of < 38 weeks.

Thermal Conditioning Can Improve Thermoregulation of Young Chicks During Exposure to Low Temperatures

The risk of climate change is increasing year by year and changing environmental temperatures will increasingly have effects on productivity in the poultry industry. Thermal conditioning is a method of improving thermotolerance and productivity in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) that experience high ambient temperatures. Thermal conditioning involves exposure of chickens to high temperatures at an early age. This conditioning treatment can affect tolerance to other type of stress. However, the effect of thermal conditioning on tolerance of low temperatures has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of thermal conditioning in chickens on thermoregulation during exposure to low temperatures. Three day-old female broiler chicks were exposed to high ambient temperatures (40°C for 12 h) as a thermal conditioning treatment. A control group of chicks was kept at 30°C. At 7 days-old, both groups of chicks were exposed to low temperatures (16 ± 0.5°C) for 3 h. Thermal conditioning treatment reduced the decrease in rectal temperature during cold exposure that occurred in control chicks. In addition, hypothalamic mRNA expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasotocin genes was higher in thermal conditioning treated chicks than control chicks. The mRNA expression of avian uncoupling protein in the liver was also higher in thermal conditioning chicks. These results suggest that thermal conditioning treatment can improve thermoregulatory mechanisms of chicks under low temperature environments.

Oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3 exerts anti-allergic activity against intestinal food allergy mouse models sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin

In recent years, researches on food components with anti-allergic effects have been gathering attention, because of the expectation for the establishment of a safe and effective treatment for food allergy. Previous studies have reported that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 22A-3 (LP22A3) inhibited degranulation of mast cells and reduced IgE production. We have developed a gastrointestinal allergy system in which mice are sensitized by intraperitoneal and oral administration of OVA and then challenged by oral administration of high doses of OVA. As a result, an increase in the amount of IgE in the blood and a decrease in the temperature of the colon were confirmed, and it was clarified that food allergy was induced by oral administration of high dose of OVA as the challenge. Oral administration of LP22A3 ameliorated allergic responses significantly by reducing the amount of IgE in the blood and to recovered the decrease of rectal temperature. However, LP22A3 did not affect the intestinal barrier function. Administered LP22A3 significantly suppressed mRNA expression of OX40L and IL-4. These results suggested that LP22A3 suppressed Th2 differentiation and IL-4 production via downregulation of OX40L, and consequently suppressed IgE production. LP22A3 might provide a safe and effective treatment for allergic diseases due to ability modulating intestinal immune system.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin attenuates OVA-induced food allergy by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is an important ingredient derived from turmeric in addition to curcumin. It has been reported that BDMC can be used to treat mast cell-mediated allergic diseases. In the present study, a food allergy (FA) murine model sensitized by intraperitoneal injection followed by oral challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) was established. BDMC was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg for 11 days in the challenge phase to treat OVA-induced FA mice. FA symptoms such as diarrhea score, anaphylactic symptom score and rectal temperature were recorded. Intestinal tissue was also observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, other allergic indicators were also analyzed by ELISA and western blot analysis. The present study demonstrated that BDMC could suppress the decreases in rectal temperature, diarrhea and anaphylactic symptoms in FA mice. BDMC could also ameliorate the inflammation of intestinal tissues in FA mice. BDMC not only decreased the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (OVA-sIg)E, IgG1, histamine, mouse mast cell protease-1, diamine oxidase, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) but increased cytokines interferon-γ production. The protein expression results showed that the levels of Gata-3 were decreased but T-bet levels were increased. Furthermore, compared with the OVA group, phosphorylated (p)-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-NF-κBp65 levels were decreased and p-IκBα level was increased. In conclusion, the results showed that BDMC possessed a protective effect on FA. Furthermore, BDMC was able to regulate the T-helper cells (Th)1/Th2 immune balance and inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in FA mice.

PENYUSUTAN BERAT TUBUH BROILER PADA KEPADATAN KERANJANG YANG BERBEDA SELAMA PENGANGKUTAN DARI KABUPATEN MESUJI KE KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG

This research aimed to determine rectal temperature and heart rate changes, and the percentage of body weight shortening of broiler during the transportation process with different densities in the box and to determine the best density in the box during the transportation process. This research was conducted on 24--25 February 2021, on the way from Mr. Wahyu's broiler cage, Tanjung Raya District, Mesuji Regency to Mr. Tukimin's broker cage, Natar District, South Lampung Regency. This research was conducted using data collection methods with different densities in the boxes treatments with three treatments of density in the box with 18, 20, and 22 broilers/box, each treatment was repeated 6 times. The variables observed were rectal temperature and heart rate changes, and the percentage of body weight shortening. Based on the descriptive analysis that has been carried out, the treatment of differences in density in the box made rectal temperature and heart rate changes, and the percentage of body weight shortening of broiler. Box density of 18 broilers/box gave the best results on the decrease in rectal temperature of 1.48 ºC, an increase in heart rate of 31.00 beats/minute, and the percentage of body weight shortening of 3.03% compared to the treatment of box density of 20 and 22 broiler/box during the transportation process.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: body temperature, body weight shortening, box density, broiler, heart rate, physiological response, transportation.

UPLC-MS profiling, antimicrobial and antipyretic activities of Deverra scoparia Coss. &amp; Dur. extracts

Deverra scoparia Coss. &amp; Dur. a traditional medicinal plant which present important biological properties, due to the presence of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial and antipyretic activities of infusion and ethereal extracts. The antimicrobial activity was tested using disk diffusion method against bacterial and fungal strains. While the antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia in rats at doses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg for each extract. Results showed a large antimicrobial activity range by the extracts; the infusion extract has an increased inhibition from 45± 0.004 mm and 52± 0.003 mm with bactericidal effect against all bacterial strains tested. The ethereal extract presented a strong antimicrobial activity about 32± 0.001 mm and 48± 0.001 mm with bacteriostatic effect with a value equal to 8 for all strains. The administration of infusion and ethereal extracts produced significant (P &lt;0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in rectal temperature. The UPLC-MS analysis indicated the presence of caffeic acid and quercetin with a quantity of 16.4 and 1224.6 µg/g sample respectively. These findings indicate that Deverra scoparia Coss. &amp; Dur. aerial part contains compounds with antimicrobial and antipyretic properties, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine.

DYNAMICS, INFORMATIVITY AND PREDICTIVE VALUE OF BODY TEMPERATURE AT SULFUR MUSTARD INTOXICATION IN RATS

Introduction. In experimental toxicology, the selection of criteria characterizing the toxicological process play an important role in evaluating the effectiveness of the means of prevention and treatment of intoxication. Aim of the study: study of the dynamics, informativity and prognostic significance of rectal temperature at sulfur mustard intoxication in rats. Results of the study. The results showed that intramuscular injection of sulfuric mustard in rats in the range of doses from minimally lethal to absolutely lethal is accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in rectal temperature at 3-days of intoxication. In the studied sample, the dividing capacity (AUC) of the rectal temperature index at the intoxication peak (3-d day) for mortality was 0,94 (95 % CI 0,8–0,91), which corresponds to excellent predictive ability. The sensitivity and specificity parameters for rectal temperature were 0,86 (95 % CI 0,8–0,91) and 0,90 (95 % CI 0,83–0,95), respectively. Conclusions. Rectal temperature values reflect the dynamics and severity of sulfur mustard intoxication in rats. This criterion has a high informative and predictive value in relation to the death and can be reasonably included in the program of evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed means of prevention and treatment of sulfur mustard.