Decrease In Pain Level Research Articles

Case Study : Observation of Reducing Heartburn Pain in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd) With Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy is a form of psychological treatment that utilizes hypnosis to assist in addressing specific mental and physical ailments. It can also be employed for altering habits. Hypnotherapy operates by inducing a hypnotic state in the subject, lowering brain waves to alpha-theta levels for relaxation and enhanced acceptance of suggestions in the subconscious. The aim is to improve psychological issues, emotions, and conduct. The study was carried out on two patients at the Lee Chen Thung Primary Clinic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted by adhering to specific criteria for selection and administering the GERD-Q questionnaire. The patients included in the study had to have GERD-Q scores higher than 7 and frequently use PPIs for their stomach issues. Management of GERD can be done with drug therapy or pharmacology and non-pharmacology therapy. One of the non-pharmacology therapies that can be given is hypnotherapy. Patients who satisfied the criteria were provided with hypnotherapy in order to alleviate their heartburn symptoms. The process of hypnotherapy can help the body to stimulate the release of endorphins. Endorphins act as the body's innate pain relievers. Following hypnotherapy, patients underwent eval_uation for 1 week using numeric rating scale. Both patients experienced a decrease in pain levels following hypnotherapy.

Effect of home based tele pilates on pelvic girdle pain and lumbo pelvic stability among pregnant women – A randomized controlled trial

Introduction. Pelvic girdle pain is one of the common musculoskeletal problems in pregnancy, resulting from hormonal variations and biomechanical alterations in the muscles that support lumbo-pelvic stability. The Pilates method, which includes mind-body approaches and focuses on core strength, provides relief from pelvic pain. In recent years, tele-rehabilitation has emerged as one of the most popular solutions in clinical practice. Aim. To find out the effect of home-based Tele Pilates on pelvic girdle pain and lumbo-pelvic stability among pregnant women. Materials and methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai, from January 2023 to June 2023. Pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain from 20-30 weeks of gestation were screened and randomly divided into a Pilates exercise group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 19). Subjects in the Pilates group followed the exercise thrice a week for eight weeks. Subjects in the control group followed standardized antenatal exercises and education. The outcome measures used were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain level, Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) for functional disability, and Pressure Biofeedback for lumbo-pelvic stability. Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and ‘t’ test were performed to examine the pain score, Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, and the lumbo-pelvic stability. Results. Baseline parameters are similar and comparable. (p < 0.05). Between-group analysis revealed that the experimental group showed improvement in the pain and disability with a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001). Both groups showed significant improvement in lumbo-pelvic stability in the within-group analysis (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Home-based tele Pilates (HTPE) can be recommended as an effective and safe method for decreasing pain levels and improving lumbo-pelvic stability among pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain.

Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of herbal medicine in patients with metabolic phenotype of osteoarthritis

High prevalence of the metabolic phenotype of osteoarthritis (MPOA) and unsatisfactory methods of its treatment necessitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this phenotype of OA. Turmeric preparations have a wide range of biological activity; their use in patients with MPOA can be effective and reduce the drug burden. In the present paper, we review our own published research findings on the effectiveness and pharmacodynamics of turmeric preparations in patients with MPOA. In the two studies, we evaluated the effects of two curcumin-containing parapharmaceuticals: Epigenorm Antivir (EA) and Curcumin. Forty-one women with MFOA were included in both studies. Twenty-three patients received EA at a daily dose of 1000 mg for 12 weeks, and 18 patients received curcumin from Evalar at a dose of 1000 mg for 8 weeks. The endpoints for both studies were VAS pain, dysfunction and other symptoms of OA measured using the KOOS scale. After 12 weeks of EA treatment, there was a 2.5-fold decrease pain levels. The decrease in pain was associated with an improvement in the patient’s daily and sports activities and quality of life. These effect sizes were classified as moderate to large according to Cohen. No adverse events were observed during the period of taking EA. Clinical improvement was associated with a decrease in the content of MS individual components: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. The treatment caused a decrease in the level of systemic inflammation, as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of TNFα, histamine, IL-18, C-reactive protein, and neopterin. The concentrations of IL-10 and adiponectin increased after treatment. In another study, treatment with curcumin for 4 weeks had an analgesic effect, improved measures of function and quality of life. Clinical improvement was associated with the reductions in serum levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, and lipids. Thus, the results of the pilot studies evaluating efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamics of parapharmaceuticals EA and Curcumin in patients with MFOA indicate pleiotropic effects of the interventions. The findings provide a rationale for conducting larger, controlled, blind, randomized clinical trials.

Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Benson Untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea di RSUD dr. R Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga

Introduction: The number of SC deliveries in recent times has increased tremendously. This is a variable phenomenon related to social, economic and cultural levels SC has become a very safe procedure in many parts of the world so it is considered almost perfect. Procedures, operations may cause discomfort and alter tissue continuity. (Number, 2022). Objective: Based on this PkM, namely to determine the results of the application of benson therapy to reduce pain levels in post SC patients. Methods: The upcoming PKM method applies the benson relaxation technique as a nursing care approach to post SC surgery patients who experience pain. After being given benson relaxation therapy there was a decrease in the pain scale from 6 to scale 3. Community service activities are carried out by implementing directly by applying the Benson Relaxation technique. The target audience of this PkM is pregnant women who have undergone labor through the SC technique at RSUD dr. R Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga. Results: The results that have been carried out participants experienced an increase in pain before being given the application of benson relaxation techniques as many as 27 participants (90%) experienced moderate pain (4-7), after being given benson relaxation participants experienced a decrease in pain levels, namely 25 participants (83%) experienced a decrease to mild pain (<4). Outputs: The output of the activity used is a publication article that is expected to be able to hunt down Objective: This community service activity aims to help reduce post-SC pain with benson relaxation, patients can overcome it with non-pharmacological therapy independently. Method: This community service activity is carried out directly by providing the application of the benson relaxation technique, then continuing to evaluate so that the giver of the application of the benson relaxation technique can find out whether the target has decreased pain or not. The activity of applying the benson relaxation technique was carried out for 1 day for 10-15 minutes in the afternoon. The activity measures the patient's pain intensity using the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) measuring instrument. this activity is implemented directly to reduce pain in post SC patients at Dr. R Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga Hospital in the Bougenvile Room from July 15-28, 2024. Result: Participants experienced an increase in pain before being given the application of benson relaxation techniques as many as 27 participants (90%) experienced moderate pain (4-7), after being given benson relaxation participants experienced a decrease in pain levels, namely 25 participants (83%) experienced a decrease to mild pain (<4). Conclusion: Community Service participants in the application of benson relaxation techniques to reduce pain in SC patients in the Bougenvile Ward Room of RSUD dr. R Goeteng Taroenadibrata Purbalingga as a whole amounted to 30 participants, most in the age range 21-35 as many as 22 participants (73%), and the highest level of education is high school education as many as 14 participants (46.7%), with the most history of previous operations there has never been a history of previous operations as many as 21 participants (70%). Participants experienced increased pain before being given the application of benson relaxation techniques as many as 27 participants (90%) experienced moderate pain (4-7), after being given benson relaxation participants experienced a decrease in pain levels, namely 25 participants (83%) experienced a decrease to mild pain (<4).

Combination Therapy of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) with Deep Breathing Relaxation to Decrease Pain Scale in Mothers Post Sectio Caecarea (SC) Surgery

Delivery with Sectio Caesaria causes severe pain in the incision area caused by tissue tears in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. Pain that is not handled properly can cause interference with patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) combination therapy with deep breath relaxation on reducing the intensity of pain in patients after Sectio Caesaria surgery. This study used a Quasi Experiment design with a One Group Pretest Posttest Design approach. With the study subjects were all postoperative cesarean section patients on the first day of treatment totaling 35 people, samples were taken using the Acidental Sampling technique. Assessment of pain scale using observation sheet universal pain assessment tool. Statistical tests use the Wilcoxon test with an error rate of 5%. From the results of this study there was a decrease in pain levels before the intervention was carried out from controlled severe pain as many as 25 respondents then there was a decrease in the intensity of controlled severe pain to 14 respondents after the intervention. The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value of 0.000, meaning that SEFT combination therapy with deep breath relaxation had a significant impact on reducing pain sensitivity in post op SC patients. The conclusion of this study is that SEFT therapy with deep breath relaxation can be applied as a nursing self-intervention to reduce pain.

Comparison of pain and healing period after frenectomy using diode laser and Er:YAG laser: a randomized controlled trial.

The frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. Frenectomy is the surgical removal of the whole frenum, including the area connected to the bones. The purpose of this study was to compare the healing period and postsurgical pain experienced by patients operated with diode and Er:YAG lasers. Twenty referred patients requiring excision of the abnormal upper labial frenum were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: diode group (810 nm, 2W, continuous emission, initiated tip) and Er:YAG group (2,940 nm, 2W, 200 mJ, 10 Hz). Both lasers were applied in contact mode. Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale at 3 hours postoperatively and every day during the first postoperative week. The epithelialization process of the wound surface was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide solution applied to the wound on postoperative days 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. The results showed the mean values of Pain Index after 3 hours (diode group 2.1 ± 2.0, Er:YAG group 2.6 ± 1.4), day 1 (diode group 1.1 ± 1.1, Er:YAG group 1.9 ± 1.4), and day 2 (diode group 0.0 ± 0.0, Er:YAG group 0.9 ± 1.1), with no significant difference after 3 to 7 days (P = 1.00). For the Healing Index there was a significant difference between the diode group and the Er:YAG group (7 days, P = .029; 14 days, P = .001), with no significant difference after 30/60/90 days (P = 1.00). The Er:YAG laser had better clinical results in healing wounds, whereas the diode laser resulted in better decreasing pain levels after frenectomy during the follow-up periods.

PENERAPAN KOMBINASI TERAPI BIRTHBALL DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP NYERI PERSALINAN

The treatment of non-pharmacological pain management is intended to lessen pain, particularly during the first stage of labor, pain management is more effective than pharmacological methods because it is cheap, simple effective, and without adverse effects. In the early stages, it is important to provide maternal care, which includes teaching relaxing techniques such as breathing and Birth ball therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of birth ball and breathing exercises. This research methodology uses a case study approach and is a form of descriptive research. In order to reduce labor pain during the active phase I of labor, one mother in the sample used deep breathing exercises and a birth ball. Through the use of a numerical rating scale (NRS) on an observation sheet, the pain level was measured. When birth ball therapy and Deep Breath Relaxation Technique are combined, laboring mothers experience a reduction in pain. During the first half hour, the results show a decrease in pain level at pain score 6 (moderate heavy), and after the second half, the results show a decrease in pain level at pain score 4 (moderate mild). In summary During the active phase I of labor, the combination of birth ball and Deep Breath Relaxation Technique effectively reduces labor pain

Impact of Prescription Opioid Detoxification on Quality of Life and Pain Levels.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of detoxification from prescription opioids on the quality of life (QoL) and pain levels among patients reliant on these medications for chronic pain management. Long-term use of opioids for pain management may lead to a range of adverse effects, including tolerance, dependence, significant societal costs, and a decline in overall quality of life (QoL). Despite these challenges, there is a limited amount of research focusing on the effects of detoxification and its impact on the QoL for patients with chronic pain tolerant to prescription opioids. This prospective study included 45 patients who underwent elective detoxification from prescription opioids. Prescription opioids were discontinued during the detoxification treatment in 44 of the 45 cases. QoL was monitored using SF-36v2™ questionnaires administered before detoxification, on the day of discharge, and at least six months after detoxification. Pain levels were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores before and after the detoxification process. The study was fully completed by 30 patients. At the third SF-36v2™ evaluation, 25 out of 30 patients (83.3%) reported the detoxification treatment as beneficial to their overall health status compared to that before the treatment, and SF-36v2™ questionnaires after detoxification were significantly higher than before the treatment (p < 0.001). A decreased pain level right after the detoxification was reported by 44 of the 45 patients (97.7%), with a significant average reduction of 4.51 points observed (p < 0.001). The observed enhancement in QoL, significant reduction in pain, and cessation of opioid use in most patients with chronic pain tolerant to prescription opioids following opioid detoxification indicate that this method of treatment can be safely and effectively administered and must be considered for chronic pain patients.

Nonoperative Management of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Trials.

This systematic review evaluates nonoperative treatments for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (TMJO), a common degenerative condition in postmenopausal females causing pain, reduced mobility, and diminished grip strength.Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINEfor randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing pain outcomes with nonoperative interventions over at least a six-month follow-up, using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain measurement. Eleven RCTs yielded moderate-quality evidence for the following: (1) corticosteroid (CSI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections exhibit comparable mean delta pain scores after six months, with CSI offering early relief at two to three weeks. After 12 months, CSI led to a continued decrease in pain, with a mean delta pain score of 1.0 (p<0.05), contrasting with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, which presented a modest though nonsignificant improvement, demonstrating a mean delta pain score of 0.5 (p=0.16). (2) Relatively novel therapies for TMJO, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and dextrose, appear to surpass CSI in long-term effectiveness, with dextrose showing a mean delta pain score of 3.8 (p<0.001) at six months and PRP achieving a mean delta pain score of 5.5 (p=0.005) at 12 months. (3) Various hand therapies, notably standard hand exercises and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), demonstrated significant pain reduction, with the former achieving a mean delta pain score of 1.5 (p=0.019) and the latter a score of 4.2 (p<0.001). (4) The use of orthoses substantially decreases pain levels, demonstrating a mean delta pain score reduction of 2.6 at a 180-day follow-up (p=0.023) and 2.2 at a 12-month follow-up (p=0.002). In conclusion, nonoperative treatments for TMJO, including intra-articular injections, hand therapy, and orthoses, provide significant pain relief at a minimum of six months follow-up. The synergistic effect of combined nonoperative management, as well as the effect size of each, is unknown.

Evaluating the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Post-Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

The therapeutic effects of music therapy on improving negative emotions and reducing pain are increasingly acknowledged. However, limited clinical research exists on its use in patients post-laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (LOC). A total of 147 patients undergoing LOC at our hospital were evaluated. Patients were divided based on the implementation time of music therapy: group A (72 patients, October 2020 to October 2021) received standard clinical treatment, while group B (75 patients, November 2021 to November 2022) received music therapy alongside routine care. The baseline data of patients and the scores of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were collected. Pain and psychological stress levels were compared on the first postoperative day and at discharge to assess the clinical value of each treatment approach. Group B exhibited significantly lower PSS, SF-MPQ, and BAI scores (P < 0.001 for all) and higher overall satisfaction at discharge (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that music therapy can reduce psychological stress, decrease pain levels, and improve mood in patients undergoing LOC. This study demonstrates that music therapy positively rehabilitates patients after LOC, offering new insights for future clinical treatment strategies.

Exploring Efficacy and Safety: Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigation Solutions in Root Canal Therapy at a Tertiary Care Setting.

In order to completely remove bacteria and debris from the root canal system, root canal treatment (RCT) calls for efficient irrigation methods. There is still a lack of research on the relative safety and efficacy of various irrigation systems in tertiary care settings. Patients receiving RCT at a tertiary care endodontic clinic were included in a prospective comparison research of 150 subjects. One of four irrigation solutions-sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or a combination of the three-was given to patients at random. Following surgery, microbial decrease and patient-reported pain levels were evaluated. The analysis showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in microbial decrease between the irrigation solution groups. EDTA, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine were the next three groups with the biggest mean log decrease in microbial counts, after the combination group. Nonetheless, there were no appreciable variations in the groups' patient-reported pain levels (P > 0.05). Our results imply that microbial reduction in RCT is highly influenced by the irrigation solution selection. Without having an impact on the pain sensations reported by the patients, the combination of irrigation solutions showed higher efficacy in microbial control. These findings highlight how crucial it is to choose an irrigation solution carefully in order to maximize endodontic outcomes in tertiary care settings.

Effect of Diaphragm Strengthening Exercise with Incentive Spirometry on Pain and Core Muscle Stability in Low Back Pain Patients at M.Yunus Hospital Bengkulu

This study examined the effect of diaphragm strengthening exercise with incentive spirometry on pain and core muscle stability in patient with LBP (Low Back Pain). Twenty respondents aged 25-60 years participated in this research group. This research using a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Incentive spirometry training was given to one group 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain level was measured using the numerical rating scale and core muscle stability was measured using a sphygmomanometer which had been modified to function as a tool to measure core muscle stability. There was a decrease in pain levels and an increase in core muscle stability in research subjects. The results of the wilcoxon test and paired t-test obtained a significance value of less than 0.05. There is an effect of diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises using incentive spirometry on improving pain and core muscle stability in patients with LBP (Low Back Pain).

Efektivitas Terapi Foot Massage Dalam Mengurangi Nyeri Pada Pasien Post-Histerektomi Dengan Mioma Uteri

Foot massage therapy is a technique that uses patting, stroking, or pressure to distract and divert connective tissue to increase foot muscle tone, improve circulation, and induce relaxation, by releasing endorphins, it can also increase the pain threshold. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foot massage therapy in reducing pain in post-hysterectomy patients with uterine myoma. This study uses a descriptive design with a case study approach to nursing care for 3 days with a foot massage therapy intervention for 15 minutes to case study subjects who are evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale. This case study was conducted at Muhammadiyah PKU Gamping Hospital Yogyakarta on May 8-10, 2024. The results of the intervention evaluation from the first day to the third day showed that patients reported a decrease in pain from a scale of 9 to a scale of 4 after being given foot massage therapy. This decrease in pain level is not only the effect of foot massage therapy alone, but also from the medications taken during treatment. In addition to reducing pain, this therapy can also make patients more comfortable and relaxed.

Effect of physical activity education on shoulder girdle pain and muscle strength in participants with fibromyalgia: a pilot experimental study.

In patients with fibromyalgia, exercise and education are recommended to decrease pain level and improve pain management. The latest scientific evidence recommends to focus interventions on the upper limb. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the immediate effect of physical activity education vs. a control group on pain and muscle capacity in fibromyalgia patients. Fifty-six participants with fibromyalgia were randomized into an experimental group and a control group. The intervention consisted in watching a five-minute video that provided information about fibromyalgia, pain, kinesiophobia and physical activity. The control group watched a neutral five-minute video about beavers in Quebec. Following the video, participants performed a muscular fatigue task consisting of a repeated unilateral shoulder abduction task. At baseline and following the muscular fatigue task, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in shoulder abduction was assessed as well as pain level and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the upper limb. Electromyographic activity was also assessed for upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the MVC, PPT, and pain level before and after the muscular fatigue task between groups. The experimental group showed a significantly lower increase in pain than the control group in the middle deltoid muscle (p = 0.002) when assessed by verbal pain rating scale. No significant interaction or main effect of Group and Time were observed for the pain level at the upper trapezius and elbow extensor muscles nor for any of the PPT measures. According to electromyographic data, the median frequency values indicate that neither group experienced muscle fatigue during the repeated contraction task. The preliminary results suggest that a short physical activity education video positively influenced middle deltoid pain following repeated abduction in participants with fibromyalgia. Electromyographic analysis showed no evidence of objective muscle fatigue, suggesting that there might be a partial disconnection between the perception of muscle fatigue and the physiological biomarkers associated with muscle fatigue.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation to Reduce Chronic Pain in Elderly with Hypertension: A Case Study

Increased blood pressure causes vascular damage to the blood vessels in the neck when carrying blood to the brain, resulting in pressure on the muscle nerve fibres, which causes head pain. One of the independent nursing interventions that can be used is Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). This case study is to determine the application of PMR to reduce pain scale in elderly with hypertension at UPT PSTW Jember. This Final Scientific Work uses a descriptive design with the Case report method, which describes the application of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, namely PMR, for headaches in the elderly with hypertension. Therapy is given to a patient in two meetings a day for seven days for 15 minutes. Measurement of pain scale using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results after being given PMR showed a decrease in pain levels by reviewing complaints of decreased pain, the average pain scale from 4.4 NRS to 3.4 NRS, the average systolic blood pressure from 155.7 mmHg to 142.8 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure from 94.2 mmHg to 90 mmHg. PMR therapy can reduce chronic pain by increasing the elasticity of blood vessels, reducing muscle tension and reducing headaches.

Resting-state electroencephalography delta and theta bands as compensatory oscillations in chronic neuropathic pain: a secondary data analysis.

Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) remains a significant clinical challenge, with complex neurophysiological underpinnings that are not fully understood. Identifying specific neural oscillatory patterns related to pain perception and interference can enhance our understanding and management of CNP. To analyze resting electroencephalography data from individuals with chronic neuropathic pain to explore the possible neural signatures associated with pain intensity, pain interference, and specific neuropathic pain characteristics. We conducted a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study using electroencephalography data from a previous study, and Brief Pain Inventory from 36 patients with chronic neuropathic pain. For statistical analysis, we modeled a linear or logistic regression by dependent variable for each model. As independent variables, we used electroencephalography data with such brain oscillations: as delta, theta, alpha, and beta, as well as the oscillations low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta, for the central, frontal, and parietal regions. All models tested for confounding factors such as age and medication. There were no significant models for Pain interference in general activity, walking, work, relationships, sleep, and enjoyment of life. However, the model for pain intensity during the past four weeks showed decreased alpha oscillations, and increased delta and theta oscillations were associated with decreased levels of pain, especially in the central area. In terms of pain interference in mood, the model showed high oscillatory Alpha signals in the frontal and central regions correlated with mood impairment due to pain. Our models confirm recent findings proposing that lower oscillatory frequencies, likely related to subcortical pain sources, may be associated with brain compensatory mechanisms and thus may be associated with decreased pain levels. On the other hand, higher frequencies, including alpha oscillations, may disrupt top-down compensatory mechanisms.

Comparing the Effects of Intramuscular Injections of Dexamethasone and Ketorolac Tromethamine on Post-treatment Endodontic Pain: An In Vivo Study.

Pain is the primary reason dental patients seek endodontic therapy. Post-treatment endodontic discomfort is a sequelae of periapical inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) would be reasonable therapy options. The purpose of this study was to compare and assess the efficacy of intramuscular injections of dexamethasone and ketorolac tromethamine versus placebo in reducing post-treatment endodontic pain in individuals undergoing root canal treatment. Patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was carried out in a single visit. After completion of the root canal therapy, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups for intramuscular drug administration. In group 1, 2 ml of sterile saline was administered, in group 2, 1 ml of 4 mg dexamethasone was administered; and in group 3, 1 ml of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine was administered.Preoperative and postoperative pain intensity was measured by a verbal rating scale. Postoperatively, the incidence and severity ofpain were recorded after four, 24, and 48 hours. All three groups showed a highly statistically significant reduction in pain scores when compared to preoperative levels. At the end of four hours, dexamethasone and ketorolac tromethamine showed highly significant results. Dexamethasone significantly reduced pain after 24 hours when compared to ketorolac and placebo groups. At the conclusion of 48 hours, all three groups experienced a gradual decrease in pain levels. Effective and complete debridement of infected root canal system provides predictable gradual reduction of post-endodontic pain.

Novel Cervical Endoscopic Unilateral Laminoforaminotomy for Bilateral Decompression in Cervical Spondylosis Myeloradiculopathy: A Technical Note and Clinical Results.

Background: This study investigates the efficacy of the Cervical Endoscopic Unilateral Laminoforaminotomy for Bilateral Decompression (CE-ULFBD) technique in treating cervical myeloradiculopathy, primarily caused by degenerative spondylosis. Traditionally managed through multisegmental anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or laminoplasty combined with foraminotomy, this condition has recently experienced a promising shift towards minimally invasive approaches, particularly endoscopic spinal decompression. While empirical evidence is still emerging, these techniques show potential for effective treatment. Method: The objective was to evaluate the outcomes of CE-ULFBD in achieving single or multilevel bilateral foraminal and central decompression, emphasizing the reduction of injury to posterior cervical muscles and the associated postoperative neck soreness common in conventional procedures. This paper delineates the surgical procedures involved in CE-ULFBD and presents the clinical outcomes of nine patients diagnosed with myeloradiculopathy due to severe cervical stenosis. Result: Assessments were conducted using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain and the Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (mJOA) for the activity measurement of daily living. Results indicated a considerable decrease in pain levels according to the VAS, coupled with significant improvements in functional capacities as measured by the mJOA scale. Additionally, no major postoperative complications were noted during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The study concludes that CE-ULFBD is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of cervical myeloradiculopathy resulting from severe cervical stenosis, offering a viable and less invasive alternative to traditional decompressive surgeries.

Nile Tilapia Skin Xenograft Versus Silver-Based Dressings in the Management of Partial-Thickness Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Burns are a serious public health problem worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare two forms of treatment for partial skin burns and to determine whether one is superior to the other in terms of efficacy and benefits through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. This article highlights the efficacy of tilapia skin in the treatment of burns. We performed a meta-analysis of 199 patients and highlighted the promising results that indicate the clinical relevance of this resource when we compared the cost of dressings with the daily need for dressing changes, healing potential, and reduction in pain level according to the VAS scale and reduced frequency of dressing changes. Methods: A search of PubMed, Cochrane Central, and LILACS was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing tilapia skin and silver-based dressings for treating burns. Studies involving overlapping populations and animals were excluded. The outcomes of interest were complete re-epithelialization, decreased pain level, and dressing change. Results: Summarize the article's main findings. Conclusions: Four randomized trials were included with a total of 199 patients with partial-thickness burns between the ages of 2 and 70 years. A total of 99 (49.74%) patients were treated with tilapia skin, and conventional treatment was used on 100 (50.25%) of the patients. Differences were found between the tilapia and silver-based treatments concerning re-epithelialization (MD -0.48; CI 95% -0.71 to -0.24; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%), decreased pain level (MD -0.79; CI 95% -1.10 to -0.47; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%), and dressing change outcome (MD -3.54; 95% CI -5.81 to -1.26; p = 0.02; I2 = 97%).

Pain Comorbidities with Attention Deficit: A Narrative Review of Clinical and Preclinical Research.

A negative correlation exists between attention and pain. The cognitive impairments linked to pain can significantly impede a patient's healing process and everyday tasks, particularly for individuals experiencing persistent pain. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that diversion can effectively decrease pain levels in individuals. The focus of this review is to analyze clinical trials and fundamental investigations regarding alterations in focus and persistent discomfort. Moreover, we investigated the common neuroanatomy associated with attention and pain. Furthermore, we examined the impact of various neuromodulators on the transmission of pain and processes related to attention, while also considering the potential neural mechanisms that contribute to the co-occurrence of pain and attention deficits. Further investigation in this field will enhance our comprehension of patient symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology, ultimately resulting in more objective approaches to treatment.