Decrease In Dislocation Density Research Articles

Vertically Aligned Nanocrystalline Graphite Nanowalls for Flexible Electrodes as Electrochemical Sensors for Anthracene Detection

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used to obtain several graphite nanowall (GNW)-type films at different deposition times on silicon and copper to achieve various thicknesses of carbonic films for the development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of anthracene. The PECVD growth time varied from 15 min to 30 min to 45 min, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the changes in the thickness of the GNW films, revealing a continuous increase in the series. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity of the GNW film samples increased with increasing crystallite size and decreasing dislocation density as the deposition time increased. Electrochemical characterization of the GNW-based electrodes indicated that the electroactive area and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant were greater for the GNW 45 min film in the carbonic material series. We present the transfer of GNW films on flexible polyethylene substrates for achieving flexible electrochemical sensors for further use in anthracene determination. The flexible GNW-based electrodes were investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the presence of anthracene. The results showed that the highest sensitivity in anthracene detection was provided by the sensor with the GNW film obtained after 45 min of PECVD growth. The optimization of the GNW film thickness for the development of flexible electrochemical sensors on polyethylene substrates represents a successful approach for enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbonic materials.

Investigation of the Softening Resistance Behavior and Its Mechanism in Cu-Ni-Si Alloys with Discontinuous Precipitates.

In this study, isothermal annealing experiments were conducted on copper-nickel-silicon alloys containing continuous precipitates (CP) and discontinuous precipitates (DP) to investigate the effects of different types of precipitate phases on the microstructural evolution and softening temperature during annealing, as well as to analyze the differences in softening mechanisms. The experimental results revealed that the softening temperature of the CP alloy, subjected to 75% cold deformation, was 505 °C. In contrast, the DP alloy achieved softening temperatures of 575 °C and 515 °C after 75% and 97.5% cold deformation, respectively. This indicates that the DP alloy exhibits significantly superior softening resistance compared to the CP alloy, attributed to the distinct softening mechanisms of the two alloys. In the CP alloy, softening is primarily influenced by factors such as the coarsening of the precipitate phase, the occurrence of recrystallization, and the reduction in dislocation density. In the DP alloy, the balling phenomenon of the DP phase is more pronounced, and its unique microstructure exerts a stronger hindrance to dislocation and grain boundary motion. This hindrance effect reduces the extent of recrystallization and results in a smaller decrease in dislocation density. In summary, the DP alloy, due to its unique microstructure and softening mechanisms, demonstrates better softening resistance, providing higher durability and stability for high-temperature applications.

Microstructural Evolution of P92 Steel with Different Creep Life Consumptions After Long-Term Service

P92 steel is widely used in ultra-supercritical units due to its excellent high-temperature performance. This paper studies the microstructure of P92 steel steam pipes in three conditions: as-supplied, after 80,000 h of service at 67.06 MPa stress, and after 100,000 h of service at 80.28 MPa stress. After prolonged service, the P92 steel retains its martensitic structure, but the lath width increases and the dislocation density decreases. In addition to M23C6, MX, and Laves phases, Z phase was also observed among the precipitates. The results indicate that the sizes of M23C6 and Laves phases increase with the progression of creep life consumption, with the coarsening rate of Laves phase being significantly higher than that of M23C6. However, the coarsening of MX phase is not evident. Compared to the Laves phase, the formation of the Z phase requires a longer period of time. The precipitation of the Z phase consumes MX carbonitrides, and it has been observed that the Z phase precipitates from the MX phase, with the two phases exhibiting a coexisting state.

Understanding the correlation of aging treatments and stress corrosion crack growth of a secondary hardening ultra-high strength steel

The correlation of aging treatments and stress corrosion crack growth of a secondary hardening ultra-high strength steel was investigated using microstructural characterization, electrochemical hydrogen penetration experiment, thermal desorption spectroscopy analysis, and stress corrosion crack growth test. The results showed that increase of aging duration led to slight increase in the fraction of reversed austenite but decrease in dislocation density while no notable variation in grain boundary misorientation distribution and the corrosion behavior was observed. The shrinkage and fracture toughness continued to increase with aging duration while the yield strength reaching a maximum value after 5 hours of aging. Longer aging durations led to the decrease in effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient but improvement of stress corrosion cracking resistance, mainly due to the coarsening and nucleation of M2C carbides, as well as the higher fraction of reversed austenite. This work provided the theoretical and technical basis for improving the stress corrosion cracking resistance of this steel.

Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Aqueous Corrosion Resistance of 9Cr Series Heat-Resistant Steel

In this investigation, the aqueous corrosion resistance of 9Cr series heat-resistant steel during tempering was investigated. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and precipitation behavior of precipitates. The heat-resisting steel was heated to 1150 °C for 1 h, and then tempered at different temperatures between 680 °C and 760 °C for 2 h. The microstructure of the heat-resistant steel after tempering was composed of lath-tempered martensite and fine precipitates. The hardness decreased with increasing tempering temperature, ranging from HBW 261 to HBW 193. The aqueous corrosion resistance improved as the tempering temperatures increased from 680 °C to 720 °C but deteriorated at higher temperatures, such as 760 °C, which was obtained by an electrochemical corrosion performance test. The aqueous corrosion resistance was affected by the decrease in dislocation density and the decrease in Cr solution in the tempered martensite. With the increase in the tempering temperature, the aqueous corrosion potential first increases and then decreases, the self-corrosion current density first decreases and then increases, and the polarization resistance first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, the increase in corrosion resistance is attributed to the reduction in dislocation density and chromium depletion in the martensitic structure as the tempering temperature approaches 720 °C. This paper reveals the effect of tempering temperature on the corrosion resistance of 9Cr series heat-resistant steel, which is a further exploration of a known phenomenon.

Microstructure and properties of Cu matrix composites reinforced with surface-modified Kovar particles

The thermal conductivity of Cu/Kovar composites was improved by suppressing element diffusion at the interfaces through the formation of FeWO4 coating on the Kovar particles via vacuum deposition. Cu matrix composites reinforced with unmodified (Cu/Kovar) and modified Kovar (Cu/Kovar@) particles were prepared by hot pressing. The results demonstrate that the interfaces of Cu/FeWO4 and FeWO4/Kovar in the Cu/Kovar@ composites exhibit strong bonding, and no secondary phase is generated. The presence of FeWO4 impedes interfacial diffusion within the composite, resulting in an increase in grain size and a decrease in dislocation density. After surface modification of the Kovar particle, the thermal conductivity of Cu/Kovar@ composite is increased by 110% from 40.6 to 85.6 W·m−1·K−1. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient of the Cu/Kovar@ composite is 9.8×10−6 K−1, meeting the electronic packaging requirements.

The influence of tensile stress on the strength and residual stress of C19400 alloy under ultrasonic vibration treatment

The C19400 alloy strip used for etching lead frames was studied, and the evolution law of its mechanical properties, residual stress, and microstructure under the ultrasonic vibration and tensile stress treatment was studied. The influence mechanism of ultrasonic vibration and tensile stress on the strength and residual stress of C19400 alloy was determined. The results show that high strength, high conductivity and low residual stress of C19400 alloy can be obtained under the coupling effect of ultrasonic vibration and tensile stress. The tensile strength is 430.57 MPa, the electrical conductivity is 57.73 % IACS, the transverse direction residual stress is −1 MPa, and the rolling direction residual stress is −21 MPa, and the residual stress relief rates are 97 % and 68 %, respectively. Under the coupling effect of alternating load and tensile stress, dislocations are annihilated and reorganized, the dislocation configuration tends to be uniformly arranged, and the dislocation density decreases. Compared with the original cold rolled state, the proportion of high angle grain boundaries of the alloy is slightly increased, and the texture strength is significantly reduced. These results have guiding significance for producing high strength, high conductivity and low residual stress of C19400 alloy.

High-temperature oxidation behavior of a novel γ′-strengthened superalloy manufactured by laser-beam powder bed fusion: Effect of post-heat treatment

This study systematically researched the high-temperature oxidation behavior of a γ′-strengthened alloy based on Haynes 230 prepared by laser-beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). The results indicate that the experimental alloy showed a higher oxidation resistance than Haynes 230 at 1000 °C. The oxidation products mainly consisted of the outmost MnCr2O4-TiO2 layer, intermediate Cr2O3 layer and inner TiO2 layer. Branched Al2O3 oxides were formed in the interior oxidation zone. Post-heat treatment can increase oxidation resistance by reducing the oxidation rates from 0.0152 mg2cm−4h−1 to 0.0126 mg2cm−4h−1. The decrease in dislocation density and the precipitation of ordered γ' phases can slow down the short-circuit diffusion and lattice diffusion rate of oxygen, and are the main reasons for this improvement. Furthermore, the γ' phase precipitation and dislocation density reduction can provide more sites for Cr2O3 nucleation and reduce the Cr supply required for grain growth. As a result, the Cr2O3 grains on the heat-treated sample surface were smaller.

Void-induced mechanisms in tensile behavior of nickel-based single crystal superalloys

Void defects significantly impact the tensile properties of nickel-based single crystal superalloys. In this work, the dynamic response of void-included nickel-based single crystal superalloys under tensile loading was studied using molecular dynamics method. The effects of porosity and void size on the tensile behavior and the evolution of internal defects were explored from a microscopic perspective. The results indicate that the presence of voids promotes the development of internal dislocation defects and atomic phase transitions, especially in the initial stage of plastic deformation. The tensile strength decreases with increasing porosity. Plastic deformation and atomic phase transitions typically initiate between voids and continue until complete fracture, with shear strains and dislocation defects continuously concentrating around the voids. Notably, some HCP defect atoms distant from voids revert to FCC phase atoms during the tensile process, leading to a decrease in dislocation density. Additionally, the mode of fracture in the porous model is shear fracture, with shear strain and dislocation defects remaining at the fracture surface after complete fracture. The effects of void size on the tensile strength are relatively small. As the void size decreases, the shear strain bands in the models become more regular and the dislocation density decreases. However, the impact of small-sized voids on the material becomes increasingly evident with further stretching.

Study on Strain Hardening and Cryogenic Toughness of Marine 10Ni5CrMoV Steel during Tempering

The tempering process is applied in marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel to study microstructure, and mechanical properties by multi‐scale characterizations, strain hardening behavior, and cryogenic toughening mechanism are further investigated. As the tempering temperature increases from 590 to 630 °C, the dislocation density decreases by up to 25% and the austenite volume fraction decreases by up to 35%. Additionally, the morphology of austenite changes from strip to bulk, which weakened the pinning effect on the laths, leading to a coarsened martensite and an increase in the equivalent grain size. Based on the modified Crussard–Jaoul analysis, the specimens at different tempering temperatures exhibit a single‐stage strain hardening behavior during plastic deformation. The increase in strength is attributed to the continuous transformation‐induced plasticity effect and the increasing dislocation density. Furthermore, high austenite volume fraction and the proportion of grain boundary misorientation above 45° promote the release of stress concentration and hinder the propagation of cracks. This results in an increase in the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the specimens from −105 to −135 °C. At a tempering temperature of 610 °C, the specimen demonstrates an outstanding balance between yield strength (868 MPa) and cryogenic toughness (DBTT of −135 °C).

Microstructural decay of matrix and precipitates during rolling contact fatigue in a martensitic dual-hardening bearing steel

We investigate the microstructural degradation during rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in a martensitic dual-hardening bearing steel. The dual-hardening steel makes use of both carbide precipitation and intermetallic precipitation hardening. The microstructural degradation leading to fatigue failure is studied using electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The initial microstructure of the steel consists of tempered martensite with a fine dispersion of secondary M7C3, and NiAl precipitates. During RCF testing at 2.2 GPa contact pressure, ferrite microbands develop and the partial dissolution of NiAl and M7C3 precipitates occur within the ferrite microbands. For the RCF testing at higher contact pressure of 2.8 GPa, nanosized ferrite grains develop in the ferrite microbands. The SXRD analysis reveals a decrease in dislocation density in the sub-surface region experiencing microstructural degradation. This is believed to be associated with the rearrangement of dislocations into low energy configuration cells. We conclude this manuscript by proposing a microstructure decay mechanism for martensitic dual-hardening bearing steel that provides insights in the fatigue initiation process.

The influence of hydrogen on the recrystallization texture of a face centered cubic metal

The evolution of an alloy's microstructure in a hydrogen atmosphere at high temperatures is one of the important factors contributing to the degradation in the alloy's strength. The present study aimed to clarify the influence of hydrogen on the recrystallization texture of a face centered cubic (FCC) metal. As a model of FCC metal, commercially pure nickel (Ni) was cold-rolled and then annealed separately in vacuum and hydrogen atmospheres. Subsequently, the recrystallization textures were analyzed using EBSD and XRD. Hydrogen promoted the recrystallization of 〈001〉 − oriented deformed grains while hindering the recrystallization of 〈101〉 − oriented deformed grains. It increased the content of {011} 〈1−11〉 texture, promoted the decrease of R-Cube texture content, hindered the increase of Cube texture content， and hindered the reduction in contents of Brass, Copper, Goss, and S textures. In addition, it had an insignificant effect on {011}〈011〉 texture contents. Hydrogen demonstrated an anisotropic effect on the dislocation movement and density of grains with different orientations. Specifically, it impeded the dislocation movement within <101> − oriented deformed grains while facilitating the dislocation movement within <001> − oriented deformed grains. As a result, hydrogen induced an increase in dislocation density in <101> − oriented grains and a decrease in dislocation density in <001> − oriented grains.

Evolution of microstructure, texture and formability of Al–Mg–Si alloys at different hot rolling finish temperatures

The impact of hot rolling finish temperature (HRFT) on the evolution of microstructure, texture, as well as formability—including deep drawability and bendability—of Al–Mg–Si alloy was studied in present work. The obtained results reveal that HRFT has a notable influence on the dynamic softening and dynamic precipitation behaviors during the hot rolling process of the investigated alloy. This leads to the volume fraction and number density of micro-sized Mg2Si particles increase as the increase of HRFT, those of nano-sized particles decrease, and the dislocation density decrease, in the hot-rolled sheets. These microstructural variations persist in the cold-rolled sheets, subsequently affecting the ultimate microstructure, texture, as well as formability of T4P sheets. The deep drawability improves as the HRFT rises, as indicated by the increase in normal anisotropy (r‾) and decrease in planar anisotropy (Δr). This is attributed to the weakening of texture intensity. The bendability, quantified by the minimum hemming factor (Rmin/t), deteriorates as the HRFT rises from 260 °C to 390 °C, attributed to the strengthening of P component along with the weakening of Cube component. Conversely, with the HRFT rises from 390 °C to 420 °C, the bendability improves dramatically due to the significant reduction in the average grain size. A combination of excellent deep drawability and bendability could be obtained by elevating the HRFT to 420 °C, attributed to the combined effect of weakened texture intensity and fine grains.

Plastic deformation behavior of Mg–8Li dual phase alloy during multi-directional compression

The Mg–8Li dual phase alloy was deformed by multi-directional compression with different passes. Microstructure evolution of deformed Mg–8Li alloy was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction. X-ray diffraction profile was used to calculate the dislocation density in α-Mg and β-Li phase to reveal the quantitively change trend under different compression passes. The mechanical properties were assessed through tensile and compressive tests. The Mg–8Li alloy exhibited optimal mechanical properties when compressed with 12 passes (sample 12MDC), with a compression yield strength of 183.1 MPa and a tensile yield strength of 124.2 MPa. The improved mechanical properties in sample 12MDC were attributed to an increase in {10 1‾ 2} twin and {101‾ 3}-{101‾ 2} double twin boundaries, along with the presence of sub-grain boundaries and a reduced grain size in the α-Mg phase. Additionally, the inconsistent results between microhardness and dislocation density calculation manifests the uneven distribution of dislocations in β-Li phase. Broken α-Mg phase brings more phase interface to relieve the strain in β-Li phase, which results to a decreased dislocation density in sample 12MDC (1.19 × 1011/m2). Results show that weaken tension-compression yield asymmetry and more even distribution of dislocation in both phases could be achieved when the compression passes increases to 12.

Effect of direct-quenching and tempering on hydrogen-induced delayed fracture resistance of high-strength bolt steel

This investigation attempts to explore the potential significance of controlled forging, i.e., direct-quenching at two different finish-forging temperatures of ∼930 °C (B8H sample) and ∼780 °C (B8L sample), and tempering at 600 °C in improving the hydrogen-induced delayed fracture (HIDF) resistance of a 1300-MPa-grade high-strength bolt steel by constant load tensile testing using circumferentially notched round bar specimens and hydrogen thermal analysis. The microstructural characteristics of the tested samples were analyzed and their influences on HIDF were discussed. The results showed that the B8L sample demonstrated a considerably increased HIDF resistance expressed by critical notch delayed fracture stress of 1825 MPa and a decreased hydrogen embrittled index of as low as 21% compared with those of 1675 MPa and 27% for the B8H sample, although the former exhibited slightly higher strength and absorbed hydrogen content. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the fracture surface demonstrated that the B8L sample prevented the brittle intergranular fracture with smaller quasi-cleavage facet and decreased area fraction of the brittle crack initiation zone compared with the B8H sample. The increased resistance to HIDF of the B8L sample is primarily because of its fine microstructure with increased number of finely distributed V-rich nanoscale MC precipitates and decreased dislocation density. It is proposed that controlled forging coupled with V-microalloying is a feasible and economical way to further increase the HIDF resistance of high-strength bolt steel.

Influence essential of current on electrochemical plasticization of single-crystal copper

Despite the long-standing identification of electrochemical plasticization (EP) in the metal surface layer, the mechanisms governing the impact of electric current density on EP remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the effect of current density (ranging from 0 mA cm−2 to 10.0 mA cm−2) on EP during electrochemical cold drawing of single-crystal copper in a 0.35 mol L−1 dilute H2SO4 electrolyte through microstructural characterizations and reactive force field molecular dynamic simulations. The results indicate that with increasing density, more atoms in the high-energy {110} and {001} planes in the copper surface are selectively dissolved, causing the atoms in the low-energy uncorroded {111} planes to become more loosened. This activates more abundant dislocations in a multi-slip way, thereby facilitating dislocation entanglements to reconfigure into movable short-range wavy dislocations and decreasing dislocation density through reactions, ultimately resulting in improved EP. However, when the density exceeds 6.7 mA cm–2, an opposite effect is observed due to the dissolution of fewer atoms resulting from enhanced local passivation.

Optimizing strength and electrical conductivity of 6201 aluminum alloy wire through rotary swaging and aging processes

Age-hardened 6201 aluminum alloy wires utilized in high-voltage transmission lines need to have high strength, high conductivity and high ductility. However, simultaneously obtaining high values for the above three parameters remains a challenge, as there are trade-off relationships between strength and ductility, strength and conductivity. In this article, we employed solid solution, under-aging and peak-aging treated 6201 aluminum alloys as initial samples, then performed rotary swaging (RS) on them equally and subsequent aging at different temperatures. Performance testing found that RS plus aging improved the strength and conductivity of all three samples. The best combinations of electrical conductivity and ultimate tensile strength are 50.6 %IACS and 363 MPa, 51.7 %IACS and 352 MPa, which were obtained through under-aged (550 ℃/3 h + 175 ℃/2 h) + RS + re-aging (160 ℃/4 h) and peak-aged (550 ℃/3 h + 175 ℃/8 h) + RS + re-aging (160 ℃/4 h). Quantitative analysis show that precipitation strengthening is the main strengthening mechanism, contributing about 50 % of the yield strength. Grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening contribute comparable amounts of 25 % and 20 %, respectively. The theoretical model can well predict the yield strength of RSed Al alloys based on the microstructure. The conductivity increase was caused mainly by the precipitation of solid solutions and fiber grain boundaries. In addition, RS reduced the tensile ductility to 6–10 % and subsequent aging regain it up to 10–13 % due to decrease of dislocation density and precipitation hardening. Our results indicate that high strength, high conductivity and high ductility of aging-hardened alloys can be achieved through optimizing deformation and aging processes.

Friction stir welding of as-cast and pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe alloy: Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties

Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe alloy in as-cast and artificially aged (T6) conditions was friction stir-welded with a traveling speed of 200 mm/min and a rotation speed of 800 rpm. Their microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties were investigated. α-Al, Si, Mg2Si, MgZn2 and Fe-rich phase were detected in the as-cast and pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe before and after FSW. The secondary phases in pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe after FSW are slightly more than those in the as-cast Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe after FSW. For the pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe after FSW, the grains are refined and the dislocation density decreases. Hardness of the pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe is higher than that of the as-cast one, whereas the hardness of weld nugget zones (NZs) of the both FSWed Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe joints is lower than their base materials, and the strength coefficients of both FSWed joints of the as-cast and pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe are 0.82 and 0.9 respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of the pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe after FSW (UTS = 208.86 MPa and YS = 156.72 MPa) is about 35% higher than that of as-cast Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe after FSW (UTS = 159.4 MPa and YS = 112.06 MPa) mainly due to the smaller grain size and more precipitates in the former. The corrosion resistance (CR) of the FSWed joint of the pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe is the highest, owing to the most refined grain size, highest HAGBs, lowest KAM, increase in the close-packed {111} (α-Al) texture, dispersed particles of secondary phases, followed by the pre-aged Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe and then the FSWed joint of the as-cast Al–Si–Zn–Mg–Fe, and the as-cast one is the lowest.

Molecular dynamics simulations of polycrystalline titanium mechanical properties: Grain size effect

In this study, the effect of grain size (d) on the deformation mechanism of polycrystalline titanium is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature was 300 K, the strain rate was 5×108s−1, the loading mode was tensile, and the grain size ranged from 4.99 to 39.91 nm. The results show that, as the grain size increases, the peak stress initially increases and then decreases. The maximum peak stress occurs when the grain size d is 19.96 nm. When d is > 19.96 nm, peak stress and d follows Hall-Petch. When d is < 19.96 nm, it follows inverse Hall-Petch. The modulus of elasticity increases with increasing grain size; as the strain proceeds, the dislocation density decreases and subsequently increases, with the lowest dislocation density at the yield point. As grain size increases, dislocation density rises while the conversion rate of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) atoms decreases. In the elastic phase, the structure of each atom remains constant. In the plastic phase, when d is > 9.98 nm, the HCP structure decreases and the other structure increases; when d is < 9.98 nm, the HCP structure increases and the other structure decreases. When d is > 19.96 nm, dislocations dominate the deformation and no grain growth occurs during stretching; when d is < 19.96 nm, grain boundary sliding and grain boundary rotation dominate the deformation, and grain growth can be observed during stretching.

Samarium substituted M-type Ca-hexaferrites: Structural and magnetic features

In this work, the sol–gel combustion method was used to fabricate a series of rare earth samarium doped Ca-hexaferrites (CaFe12-xSmxO19). X-ray diffraction was used to explore the structural insights. The structural analysis confirmed the magnetoplumbite phase throughout all compositions with the expansion in the lattice. Furthermore, microstructural analysis showed an increase in X-ray density and a decrease in porosity and dislocation density with increasing doping levels, respectively. Morphology confirmed the uniform distribution of particles throughout all the fabricated samples. The crystallite size was determined from X-ray diffraction data and ranges between 48.28–55.52 nm. Magnetic parameters such as remanence and saturation magnetization showed an increase from 25.27 emu/g to 44.029 emu/g, while coercivity values dropped from 3.301 kOe to 2.334 kOe causing significant deviations in the magnetic moment per formula unit μB (mB), Anisotropy field (Ha), and anisotropy parameter (B). The materials were shown to have promising magnetic characteristics for storage applications.