Decrease In Albumin Concentration Research Articles

Chronic heart failure induces early defenestration of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in mice.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is often linked to liver malfunction and systemic endothelial dysfunction. However, whether cardio-hepatic interactions in heart failure involve dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is not known. Here we characterize LSECs phenotype in early and end stages of chronic heart failure in a murine model. Right ventricle (RV) function, features of congestive hepatopathy, and the phenotype of primary LSECs were characterized in Tgαq*44 mice, with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the Gαq protein, at the age of 4- and 12-month representative for early and end-stage phases of CHF, respectively. 4- and 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice displayed progressive impairment of RV function and alterations in hepatic blood flow velocity resulting in hepatic congestion with elevated GGT and bilirubin plasma levels and decreased albumin concentration without gross liver pathology. LSECs isolated from 4- and 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice displayed significant loss of fenestrae with impaired functional response to cytochalasin B, significant changes in proteome related to cytoskeleton remodeling, and altered vasoprotective function. However, LSECs barrier function and bioenergetics were largely preserved. In 4- and 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, LSECs defenestration was associated with prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and in 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice with proteomic changes of hepatocytes indicative of altered lipid metabolism. Tgαq*44 mice displayed right-sided HF and altered hepatic blood flow leading to LSECs dysfunction involving defenestration, shift in eicosanoid profile, and proteomic changes. LSECs dysfunction appears as an early and persistent event in CHF, preceding congestive hepatopathy and contributing to alterations in lipoprotein transport and CHF pathophysiology.

OUTCOME OF AZITHROMYCIN AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON HISTOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN RATS’ LIVER

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a commonly used flavouring, mediated hepatotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses. Azithromycin (AZT), an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity, may be co-consumed with MSG to present unknown outcomes on the liver, a major organ for the detoxification of xenobiotics. Aim: This study evaluated the effect of AZT and MSG on histologic and biochemical changes in rats’ liver. Methods: Thirty rats in five groups were for seven successive days orally exposed to groups 1, (distilled water 1 mL Kg−1), 2, (MSG 8000 mg/kg), 3, overdose AZT, OAZT (AZT 412.5 mg Kg−1), 4, therapeutic concentration AZT, TAZT, (AZT 82.5mg Kg−1), and 5, (TAZT 82.5 mg Kg−1 + MSG 8000 mg Kg−1). Liver function markers in therats’ serum and liver tissue, and changes in the liver histologic were assessed by acceptable protocols. The mean of numeric data were tested for significance at p value less than 0.05 by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: MSG treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased hepatic and serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), total bilirubin concentration (T-BIL), and direct bilirubin concentration (D-BIL) but decreased albumin concentration (ALB) compared to control and others. TAZT treatment caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in these effects unlike MSG and OATZ treatments while TAZT + MSG co-treatment significantly (p<0.05) reversed these effects compared to MSG-treated rats. Rats’ liver sections for rats in groups 2 and 3 showed severe hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis compared to others while those in group 4 (TAZT) showed the normal hepatic histo-architecture comparable to those in group 1 (control). Those in group 5 showed marked cellular swelling and leukocytic infiltration in only the centrilobular areas, suggesting active restorative responses. Conclusion: Thus, TAZT significantly mitigated the compromised histologic and biochemical integrities of liver function due to MSG treatment in rats via probable normalization of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic indicators of liver function. This suggests that TAZT could be useful in managing histologic and biochemical malfunction of rats’ liver due to MSG assault. Peer Review History: Received: 12 October 2023; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 13 December, Available online: 15 January 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Idoko Alexander, Caritas University, Enugu, Nigeria, idokoalexander1@gmail.com Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate, Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. amaechitoexcel@yahoo.com

Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers.

The relationship between pesticide exposures and metabolomics biomarkers is not well understood. We examined the changes in the serum metabolome (early biomarkers) and the metabolic pathways associated with various pesticide exposure scenarios (OPE: overall exposure, PEM: exposure in months, PEY: exposure in years, and PEU: reported specific pesticides use) using data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 31-year cross-sectional examination. We utilized questionnaire data on pesticide exposures and serum samples for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analyses. For exposures and metabolites associations, participants size varied between 2,361 and 5,035. To investigate associations between metabolomics biomarkers and exposure to pesticide scenarios compared to those who reported no exposures multivariable regression analyses stratified by sex and adjustment with covariates (season of pesticide use, socioeconomic position (SEP), alcohol consumption, BMI, and latitude of residence) were performed. Multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied. Pesticide exposures differed by sex, season of pesticide use, alcohol, SEP, latitude of residence. Our results showed that all pesticide exposure scenarios were negatively associated with decreased HDL concentrations across all lipoprotein subclasses in women. OPE, PEY, and PEU were associated with decreased branched-chain amino acid concentrations in men and decreased albumin concentrations in women. OPE, PEY and PEU were also associated with changes in glycolysis metabolites and ketone bodies in both sexes. Specific pesticides exposure was negatively associated with sphingolipids and inflammatory biomarkers in men. In women, OPE, PEM, and PEU were associated with decreased apolipoprotein A1 and increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Our findings suggest that identification of early biomarkers of disease risk related to pesticide exposures can inform strategies to reduce exposure and investigate causal pathways. Women may be more susceptible to non-occupational pesticide exposures when compared to men, and future sex-specific studies are warranted.

Changes in serum albumin concentrations over 7 days in medical inpatients with and without nutritional support. A secondary post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Serum albumin concentrations are frequently used to monitor nutritional therapy in the hospital setting but supporting studies are largely lacking. Within this secondary analysis of a randomized nutritional trial (EFFORT), we assessed whether nutritional support affects short-term changes in serum albumin concentrations and whether an increase in albumin concentration has prognostic implications regarding clinical outcome and response to treatment. We analyzed patients with available serum albumin concentrations at baseline and day 7 included in EFFORT, a Swiss-wide multicenter randomized clinical trial that compared individualized nutritional therapy with usual hospital food (control group). Albumin concentrations increased in 320 of 763 (41.9%) included patients (mean age 73.3 years (SD ± 12.9), 53.6% males) with no difference between patients receiving nutritional support and controls. Compared with patients that showed a decrease in albumin concentrations over 7 days, those with an increase had a lower 180-day mortality [74/320 (23.1%) vs. 158/443 (35.7%); adjusted odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90; p = 0.012] and a shorter length of hospital stay [11.2 ± 7.3 vs. 8.8 ± 5.6 days, adjusted difference -2.2 days (95%CI -3.1 to -1.2)]. Patients with and without a decrease over 7 days had a similar response to nutritional support. Results from this secondary analysis indicate that nutritional support did not increase short-term concentrations of albumin over 7 days, and changes in albumin did not correlate with response to nutritional interventions. However, an increase in albumin concentrations possibly mirroring resolution of inflammation was associated with better clinical outcomes. Repeated in-hospital albumin measurements in the short-term is, thus, not indicated for monitoring of patients receiving nutritional support but provides prognostic information. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02517476.

Serum and erythrocyte oxidative stress in dogs with acanthocytosis

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an increase in oxidants and/or a reduction of antioxidants in the body, causing oxidation of cellular constituents and cellular dysfunction, which can lead to premature cell death. This study aimed to evaluate serum and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress in dogs with acanthocytosis. Sixteen dogs with acanthocytosis confirmed on blood smear, regardless of the associated pathological condition, and 17 healthy dogs without clinical and laboratorial alterations were selected. Complete blood counts (CBC) were performed by an automated cell counter, biochemical and oxidative stress analyzes were performed by an automated photocolorimeter. Dogs with acanthocytosis showed lower RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and higher red cell distribution width (RDW) compared with healthy dogs. On the leukogram, higher concentrations of band neutrophils and lower numbers of lymphocytes were observed in dogs with acanthocytosis. On serum biochemical parameters, a significant increase in ALP activity, cholesterol and globulin levels, and decreased albumin concentration were observed in dogs with acanthocytosis. Regarding oxidative stress parameters, dogs with acanthocytosis showed lower serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by cupric reduction (TAC-CUPRAC) and higher TAC by ferric reduction (TAC-FRAP), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and lipid peroxidation, while RBC showed higher TAC by ABTS cation reduction alone (TAC-ABTS) and associated with peroxidase (TAC-ABTS+HRP), TAC-CUPRAC, TOC and lipid peroxidation compared with those of control dogs. Dogs with acanthocytosis demonstrate serum and erythrocyte oxidative stress, which may be one of the factors involved in erythrocyte damage.

Cow Urine Extract of Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Portends Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Aims: The toxicological effects of single and repeated doses of aqueous extract (AE) and cow urine extract (CUE) of Nicotiana tabacum leaf on the liver and kidney function indices of male Wistar rats were investigated.
 Study Design: Thirty-five male rats were randomized into seven groups (n=5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water, groups A and B received 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CUE and AE respectively, once daily; groups C and D received 16 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, thrice a day (TD); groups E and F received 32 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, TD.The administration was oral and lasted for 28 days.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Summit University, Offa, Nigeria between June 2019 and August 2019.
 Methodology: Thirty-five male rats were randomized into seven groups (n=5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water, groups A and B received 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CUE and AE respectively, once daily; groups C and D received 16 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, thrice a day (TD); groups E and F received 32 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, TD.
 Results: The result revealed no significant difference in the activities of the ALP, and GGT but a significant increase in the ACP, ALT, and AST activities in both tissues and serum. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in albumin concentration of rats in all the groups except group B when compared with the control rats. Liver and kidney histology revealed minimal lymphocytic infiltration with no sign of medium-term systemic damage.
 Conclusion: The study suggests no nephrotoxicity of AE and CUE at all doses administered, but probable hepatotoxicity at higher and repeated doses of both extracts except at the single dose of 8 mg/kg BW of AE.

HEPATOTOXICITY INDUCED BY CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO DELTAMETHRIN, ABAMECTIN AND THEIR MIXTUREIN MALE PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

Background and Aim: Nowadays, pesticide mixtures are largely applied in the field of agriculture, which poses serious health risks for humans and domestic animals. The present study has been carried out to investigates both the individual and the combined effects of two pesticides deltamethrin (DM) and abamectin (ABA) on hepatic function of male pigeons (Columba livia domestica).
 Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using twenty-four (24) mature male pigeons weighing 298 ± 4.15 g. They are divided into four equal groups as follows, the control group, group DE: treated with deltamethrin (DM) (40 mg/kg), group AB: treated with abamectin (ABA) (20 mg/kg), group DE+AB: treated with mixture of the two doses of deltamethrin and abamectin (40+ 20 mg/kg) respectively. All groups were treated by oral gavage for 12 weeks.
 Results: Biochemical results show a significant increase of the hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and glucose levels, with a remarkable decrease in albumin concentration in all of the treated groups. However, the joint action of the pesticides mixture revealed an antagonist effect on all tested biochemical parameters. Thus, the histopathological profile of liver demonstrated a severe injury of all treated groups.
 Conclusion: The individual and the combined exposure of pigeons to deltamethrin and abamectin caused different functional and structural alterations of liver, with antagonist interaction between the combined doses.

Is Glasgow prognostic score a predictor of mortality in infective endocarditis?

Objectives: The inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), which comprises elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and decreased albumin concentration, is the most valid inflammatory risk score in cancer. New prognostic markers are needed to predict high-risk infective endocarditis (IE) patients. In the present study, we investigated the in-hospital mortality estimation of GPS in infective endocarditis patients. Methods: The retrospectively designed study included 53 IE patients diagnosed according to Duke criteria. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded and GPS levels were measured. Patients were divided into two groups according to in-hospital mortality outcomes. Glasgow prognostic score was rated as 0, 1, or 2 points based on serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels. Results: The nonsurvivor group was older and the number of patients with kidney failure or diabetes was higher in this group. Glasgow prognostic score was higher in the nonsurvivor group, while albumin levels were lower. Thirty-four patients died during intensive care unit follow-up, and the mean follow-up period was 24.1 ± 18.6 days. ROC analysis showed that the Glasgow prognostic score had a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 36.8% at a cut-off value of ≥1.5 in predicting in-hospital mortality. Chronic renal failure (OR: 6.720; 95% CI: 1.907-23.684; p = 0.003) and age (OR: 1.040; 95% CI: 1.001-1.081; p = 0.044) were the independent variables of the mortality prediction in univariate logistic regression analysis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only chronic renal failure (OR: 0.153; 95% CI: 0.036-0.653; p = 0.011) was found to be a significant predictor of mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that long-term survival was reduced in patients with a high GPS (Log-rank: p = 0.003). Conclusions: Glasgow prognostic score level is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in IE patients. Chronic renal failure and GPS are the independent predictors of mortality.

The correlation of TNF alpha levels with acute phase proteins in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice

Acute Toxoplasma gondii infections can influence the liver as well as other organs. Many cytokines and proteins play a role in the acute response against infection. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a cytokine that plays a key function in stimulating hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins. In this study, we investigated TNF alpha levels associated with the levels of macroglobulin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, serum amyloid alpha protein (SAA), and clusterin, which are acute phase proteins, in serum of mice with T. gondii infection. In the experiment, a total of 24 mice were used; 6 mice constituted the control group and 18 mice were infected with the RH strain. On the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days following the infection, 6 animals were euthanized, and their serums were collected. Compared to the control group, we observed a statistically significant decrease in albumin concentration in the group with T. gondii infection on the 6th day. Also, this group displayed a statistically significant, gradual increase in clusterin levels on the 2nd and 6th days, C-reactive protein levels on the 4th day, haptoglobin levels on the 2nd and 4th days, hemopexin levels on the 2nd day, serum amyloid A levels on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days, and TNF-α levels on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days (p < 0.05). TNF-α was strongly positively correlated with CRP, SAA, and clusterin, moderately positively correlated with hemopexin, and strongly negatively correlated with albumin. The increase in CRP, SAA, clusterin, and hemopexin levels on the 2nd day after infection, in parallel with the increase in TNF-α levels, indicates that these proteins can be considered as major acute phase proteins in acute T. gondii infection in mice. The data obtained here may be helpful for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection and for monitoring treatments.

Amelioration of high levels of serum kidney function biomarkers by Vernonia amygdalina in monosodium glutamate induced rats

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), as a food seasoning agent, even at low doses, has been found to exert exceeding toxic effect on the body system when used for a prolonged time. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of varying doses of Vernonia amygdalina stem extract on MSG-induced alteration of some kidney function parameters in rats. Twenty (20) adult male Albino rats (weighing 90-180 g), divided into five groups of four rats each, were used for the study. Some kidney function parameters and histological examination of kidney tissues were determined according to standard methods. The mineral and vitamin contents of V. amygdalina stem were also determined. In rats administered with MSG (8 mg/kg), there were significant (P <0.05) increases in the serum urea and creatinine but decreased albumin concentrations compared to rats administered with normal saline. MSG co-administration with extract (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased serum urea and creatinine concentrations. Minerals such as zinc, sodium and iron and vitamins A, C and E were found to be present in the stem extract. Histological examination of the kidney tissues of MSG-administered groups showed signs of toxicity but were much lesser in MSG co-treatment with the extract. These findings suggest that V. amygdalina ameliorated MSG-induced toxicity on the kidney functionality and this could be attributed to the presence of the antioxidant vitamins and some minerals as well as other bio-compounds present in the plant’s stem extract.

Association Between Hypoalbuminemia, Degree of Proteinuria, and Lupus Nephritis Class: A Single-Center Cross-sectional Biopsy Study

Background: The current study intended to determine whether serum albumin level and urine protein/creatinine rate (uPCR) are appropriate predictors of severe lupus nephritis in childhood-onset SLE. Objectives: Following a cross-sectional single-center design, 85 LN children referred to the National Children Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, from 6/2019 to 6/2020 were recruited. Renal biopsy was performed for all participants. Methods: Following a cross-sectional single-center design, 85 LN children referred to the National Children Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, from 6/2019 to 6/2020 were recruited. Renal biopsy was performed for all participants. Results: The mean SLEDAI score of all patients was 14.69. The proportion of patients with high and very high SLEDAI was 61.2 and 17.6%, respectively. The mean concentration of serum albumin was 28.55 g/L, and the proportion of decreased albumin concentration was 55.3%. The median uPCR was 446.6 mg/mmol in which 76.5% of values were ≥ 200 mg/mmol. Pathological morphology of LN class from I to VI was observed in 0%, 17.6%, 37.6 %, 37.6%, 7.1%, and 0%, respectively. Serum albumin level and uPCR presented the predictive value for severe and active LN (class IV and V); (AUC: 0.725 P &lt; 0.001 for both). Conclusions: Serum albumin and uPCR were appropriate predictors for severe and active LN in Vietnamese children.

Assessment of hepatic oxidative damage, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in cattle naturally infected with Ba7besia bigemina.

Naturally occurring Babesia bigemina infection in cattle is associated with changes in the status of oxidative stress, trace elements, sialic acid, and cholinesterase activity in blood. However, to date there is no description of hepatic damage in the infected animals. More importantly, the majority of the above-mentioned causative factors are synthesized or stored in the liver. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate biomarkers of hepatic function, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in 13 cattle infected with B. bigemina which did not respond to standard treatment. The animals were necropsied and the histopathology of the liver and DNA damage of hepatocytes were examined. Blood analysis revealed a significant parasitemia burden-dependent increase in the activities of hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin and a decrease in albumin concentrations in the infected cattle compared to the control ones. Paraoxonase-1 activity was remarkably lower in the infected animals than the control. A significant decrease in the blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein and a significant increase in the triglyceride concentration were observed in the infected animals. Severe oxidative damages were also recorded in the haptic tissue evidenced by significant alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suppression of total antioxidant capacity, and oxidation of biomolecules. Congestion of blood vessels, bile duct hyperplasia, and hepatocyte necrosis were the evident histopathologic findings. Our results revealed significant changes in the indices of liver function in the diseased cattle, leading to the conclusion that the parasite can potentially cause liver dysfunction.

Age and Spinal Disease Correlate to Albumin and Vitamin D Status.

Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Objectives:Thus, this study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of a patient sample that underwent spinal surgery regarding their nutritional and vitamin D status.Methods:Serum albumin and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels were measured in patients with different spinal surgical approaches and various pathologies at a single institution. 112 patients were retrospectively identified for inclusion and stratified by age into 4 age groups and by pathology. The nutritional status of the patients was classified in vitamin D inadequacy (< 30ng/mL), vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/mL), and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5g/dL). Data was analyzed comparing vitamin D, and albumin means considering gender, age group, and pathologies.Results:Twenty-eight (25.2%) patients had hypoalbuminemia. There was no difference between gender (p = 0.988); there was a significant decrease in albumin concentration increasing the age (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was significantly higher in patients with trauma, tumor and infection than in those patients with degenerative and deformity diseases (p = 0.003). The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 33.7%, and that of deficiency was 62.2%, while severe deficiency (< 10 ng/mL) in 16.3%. The vitamin D concentration was significantly different among the pathologies (P = 0.047), the lower concentration occurring in patients with tumor.Conclusion:Older patients, as well as patients with tumor and infectious pathologies, seem to have a higher prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, inferring malnutrition. There was a low epidemic level of vitamin D concentration, almost all patients presenting some degree of hypovitaminosis D, independent of age, gender and nutritional status.

First successful case of percutaneous transabdominal thoracic duct embolization (PTTDE) for chylous ascites resulting from laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery

A 61-year-old woman underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with extragastric lymph node dissection (D2). Two months later, she was readmitted to hospital to be treated for chylous ascites. Oral intake was discontinued and total parenteral nutrition started, but increasing body weight and decreasing serum albumin concentration was not controllable. Percutaneous transabdominal thoracic duct embolization (PTTDE) was performed on the 8th day after the readmission. Five days after PTTDE, oral intake was resumed. Seventeen days after PTTDE, the patient was discharged without recurrence of ascites. She has remained asymptomatic. We describe here the first patient with chylous ascites two months after LADG with D2 dissection for early gastric cancer who was successfully treated by PTTDE.

МОРФО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СКРИНИНГ ПРИ ОСТРОМ СЕРОЗНОМ МАСТИТЕ У ОВЕЦ

Despite significant achievements in the agricultural sector, the problem of mastitis in sheep continues to be one of the most relevant for veterinary science and practice. Therefore, in current conditions, the solution of diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of this disease is urgently needed. The article presents morphological and biochemical parameters of sheep blood in acute serous mastitis. The research was at “Belozernoe” of the Salsk district of the Rostov region, with a total number of sheep of 956 heads. The complex of clinical and laboratory studies was performed on 12 sheep of the Sokolskaya breed (at the age of 2–3 years), with signs of acute serous mastitis. The control group consisted of clinically healthy sheep aged 2–3 years. In a clinical study of sheep, the researchers focused on the general condition, body temperature, heart rate, respiration, and scar movement in two minutes. The study has shown that in serous mastitis, there is an increase in body temperature to 40.5–40.9°C, pulse rate to 95 beats per minute, and respiration – up to 40 respiratory movements per minute. The frequency of scar contractions was 3–6 times in two minutes. During the clinical examination, the affected half of the sheep’s udder was enlarged 3–4 times in volume, compacted, the skin is tense, and the breast nipple is slightly enlarged and flaccid. The supravyminal lymph node enlarged in volume by 1.5–2 times, and the sick sheep reacted painfully to palpation. At the beginning of the inflammation, milk from the affected lobe had a white color. When the disease passed into a more severe form, it became watery with an admixture of blood. As a rule, severe mastitis was acute. There was a partial loss of appetite. The researchers established that acute serous mastitis in sheep is clinically manifested by depression, subfebrile or febrile increase in body temperature, moderate tachypnea, and tachycardia. In the blood of sheep with acute serous mastitis, there is a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin. A pronounced neutrophilic leukocytosis develops with a simple shift of the regenerative nucleus to the left against the background of moderate eosinophilia. In the blood serum of sheep with acute mastitis, dysproteinemia is detected, characterized by a moderate decrease in albumin concentration and a significant increase in the content of alpha-globulins. In the blood serum of sick sheep, the concentration of iron also significantly decreases, and the content of copper increases.

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on biochemical variance in animal lrm;model

This study focused on the determination of toxicity of TiO2 on hepatocyte ‎and the effect of it on liver function. The results indicate that there is no significant ‎difference between the enzymes level in study groups with respect to that of control ‎while there is an increase in serum direct bilirubin and decrease in albumin ‎concentration in study group with respect to control group, while total bilirubin was ‎nearly the same in both groups, in the same time Ca+2 shows a significant ‎increasing in injected groups with respect to that in control group.‎

Extracorporeal hemadsorption versus glucocorticoids during cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery initiates systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which in 2-10% of all cases can be considerably severe. This complex chain of events might contribute to the development of postoperative complications. Different therapeutic interventions that can reduce inflammatory reactions during CPB have been used, in hope for improvement of patient outcome after open-heart surgery. Extracorporeal hemadsorption might reduce the inflammatory reaction in CPB surgery. Glucocorticoids, on the other hand, have been used for years during open-heart surgery for alleviation of systemic inflammation after CPB. We compared intraoperative hemadsorption and methylprednisolone, with usual care, during complex cardiac surgery on CPB, for inflammatory responses, hemodynamics, and perioperative course. Methods Seventy-six patients with prolonged CPB were recruited and randomized, with 60 included in the final analysis. The allocation was into three groups: Methylprednisolone group (n=20; 1g of methylprednisolone added in CPB priming solution), Cytosorb group (n=20; CytoSorb® adsorber, Cytosorbents Europe GmbH, Germany, installed in CPB circuit), and Control group (n=20, usual care, neither methylprednisolone nor CytoSorb® during CPB). Pro-inflammatory (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, complement C5a, CD64 and CD163 expression by immune cells were analyzed within the first five postoperative days, in addition to hemodynamic and clinical outcome parameters. Results Methylprednisolone group, compared to Cytosorb and Control, had significantly lower levels of TNF-a (until end of the surgery, p Discussion In this clinical trial, we have confirmed that intraoperative use of a median dose of methylprednisolone during CPB more effectively ameliorates systemic inflammatory responses after adult cardiac surgery. This is seen by reductions in pro-inflammatory and increases in anti-inflammatory mediators when compared to both uses of CytoSorb® adsorber for hemadsorption and usual treatment (Control). However, methylprednisolone did not provide better short-term clinical outcome. Hemadsorption itself, compared with usual care, caused higher prolonged expression of CD64 on monocytes and higher expression of CD163 on granulocytes, which only lasted until end of surgery. The use of CytoSorb® adsorber seems to be safe and well-tolerated. We haven't observed an association between its application and significant thrombocytopenia or more significant decrease in albumin concentration.

Thrombo-inflammatory features predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19: The FAD-85 score.

BackgroundThe roles of inflammation and hypercoagulation in predicting outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear.MethodsAdult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 4 March 2020 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan were recruited. Data on related parameters were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to explore predictors of critical illness and mortality.ResultsIn total, 199 and 44 patients were enrolled in the training and testing sets, respectively. Elevated ferritin, tumor necrosis factor-α and D-dimer and decreased albumin concentration were associated with disease severity. Older age, elevated ferritin and elevated interleukin-6 were associated with 28-day mortality. The FAD-85 score, defined as age + 0.01 * ferritin +D-dimer, was used to predict risk of mortality. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FAD-85 were 86.4%, 81.8% and 86.4%, respectively. A nomogram was established using age, ferritin and D-dimer to predict the risk of 28-day mortality.ConclusionsThrombo-inflammatory parameters provide key information on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 and can be used as references for clinical treatment to correct inflammatory and coagulation abnormalities.

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in hyperglycemic Male Rats

The study was designed to evaluated exocrine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in hyperglycemic male rats induced by alloxan. A total of forty five adult male rats were use in this study, hyperglycemia was induce in thirty rats by single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Alloxan 100mg/kg/B.W. and the experimental (45) distributed into three groups: the first group (15 animals) administered distilled water orally service as control group. The second group hyperglycemic groups (15 animals) was treated with exocrine pancreatic enzyme(EPE).The third group hyperglycemic group non treated with exocrine pancreatic enzyme(NEPE). Blood samples were take in days 20,40,60 of experiment for measurement the following parameters: Serum some biochemical parameters, tissue pancreatic activity.&#x0D; The results showed that tissue orally gavages exocrine pancreatic enzyme(EPE) caused a significant elevation in tissue amylase activity in all treated group as compared to the control group. and significant increase in tissue amylase and decrease lipase and protease in concentration in EPE treated group as compared to the non-treated (NEPE) group. Also serum insulin concentration significant decrease and glucose showed a significant increase in EPE and NEPE groups when compared with the control group in after 20,40 and 60 day of experiment. The serum albumin showed significant decrease in all EPE groups when contrasted with the control group. And also The results illustrated that significant decrease in albumin concentration in all NEPE as compared to the control group. The Serum protein concentration was significant decrease in EPE and NEPE groups as compared to the control group in all experimental day. The results showed significant increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride in EPE as compared to the NEPE . The results showed that PEP rats caused a significant decrease in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)concentration as compared to the control group and significant decrease in HDL concentration in NEPE as compared to the control group. results showed that doses rats caused a significant(P

Therapeutic drug monitoring and safety of voriconazole in elderly patients

BackgroundData on therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole in elderly patients are limited. Impaired liver function and an inflammatory state in elderly individuals are hypothesized to impact the voriconazole serum level. MethodsA total of 166 adult patients (317 trough concentrations) who underwent voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring were enrolled. The voriconazole trough concentration, its associated covariates, and its correlation with adverse effects in 73 elderly (≥60 years) patients (116 trough concentrations) were analyzed and compared to those in 93 adult (<60 years) patients. ResultsThe voriconazole trough concentration was 4.31 ± 3.03 μg/mL (range, 0.4–15.5 μg/mL) in the elderly patients, which was significantly higher than the 3.11 ± 2.13 μg/mL (range, 0.4–14.3 μg/mL) in the adult patients (P = 0.001). The proportion of voriconazole trough concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL was 35.3% in the elderly patients, which was also significantly higher than the 15.4% in the adult patients (P < 0.001). A stepwise multivariable linear regression model showed that procalcitonin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were independently associated factors in the elderly patients (OR = 2.590, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.506–3.673, P = 0.001; OR = −0.016, 95% CI = −0.027 to −0.006, P = 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that procalcitonin concentrations of ≥1.31 ng/mL increased the incidence of a voriconazole trough concentration higher than 5 μg/mL (95% CI = 0.53–0.87 μg/mL) (P = 0.03). The incidence of decreased albumin concentrations was higher in the elderly cohort than that in the adult cohort independent of the voriconazole trough concentration (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe voriconazole trough concentrations in the elderly patients were significantly higher than those in the adult patients who received voriconazole therapy and were significantly affected by severe inflammation as evaluated by the procalcitonin concentration. Frequent monitoring of the voriconazole serum concentration and procalcitonin concentration during and after severe inflammation is critical to maintain the voriconazole serum concentration within the therapeutic range.