Decrease In Adiponectin Concentration Research Articles

Evaluation of adiponectin and TNF-α expression in diabetic patients and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases.

Diabetes is caused by peripheral insulin resistance and lack of insulin secretion due to the apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted from the tissue on the insulin signaling pathway, can play a role in causing fat resistance to insulin in type 2 diabetes patients. Adiponectin is a specific protein of adipose tissue. It belongs to the collectin family, which is present in human plasma at a high level and can protect against vascular lesions. Considering the importance of epigenetic changes in the development of multifactorial diseases, this study was conducted to investigate the methylation of TNF-α gene promoter in patients with type diabetes with cardiovascular disease and compare it with diabetic people without cardiovascular disease. Also, the serum concentration of adiponectin was investigated in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, 95 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center were divided into two groups: cardiovascular disease and without cardiovascular disease, based on the angiography results. Serum adiponectin level was measured by the RIA method. In addition to adiponectin, indicators such as FBS, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL were also measured in these patients. Then, the promoter region of the TNF-α gene was investigated by bisulfite treatment method, nested PCR, and finally, sequence determination. The results showed that the serum level of adiponectin was higher in diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease than in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also, no change was observed between men and women in TNF-α gene promoter methylation in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. In general, the decrease in adiponectin concentration in diabetic people can be a factor in causing macroangiopathy, so it can be predicted that the production of recombinant adiponectin can be helpful in the treatment and protection of cardiovascular disease in these patients. Also, it seems that the epigenetic changes of cytokines that play a role in causing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients are not noticeable in the peripheral blood sample. In this regard, other tissues should probably be investigated.

Predictor value of neurohumoral disorders in patients with chronic coronary syndrome with concomitant non-alcoholic fat disease

Annotation. Today it is important to study the clinical and prognostic role of neurohumoral disorders in patients with stable forms of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and concomitant liver pathology. The aim of the study: to investigate the levels of markers of insulin, adipokine balance, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and their predictor value for the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with CCS. The prospective monocenter double open study in parallel groups involved 120 patients with CCS: stable angina pectoris II-III functional class aged 60.0 (55.0; 64.0) years, of whom 67 (55%) men and 53 (45 %) women. The control selected group included 30 healthy individuals aged 59.0 (58.0; 66.0) years, including 14 (46%) men and 16 (54%) women. Determination of the serum concentration of biomarkers (adiponectin, resistin, insulin, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein) was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical data processing was performed using the license program package “Statistica 13.0” (StatSoftInc, USA, № JPZ8041382130ARCN10-J). The hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the studied indicators was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Quantitative traits were presented as M ± m or Me (Q25; Q75), depending on the type of distribution. Significance of differences was assessed using Student's t-test (for normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples (for distribution other than normal). In order to establish the threshold values of biomarkers for predicting the presence of NAFLD ROC analysis was used. It was found that in patients with CCS with concomitant NAFLD, compared with patients with CCS without liver pathology, there is a significant (p <0,05) increase in insulin levels, HOMA index, resistin, ADMA, RF-C-reactive protein and a decrease in adiponectin concentration. According to the results of ROC analysis, it was found that ADMA (Se = 80.0; Sp = 82.9; AUC = 0.91) had a high sensitivity, the optimal ratio of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of NAFLD among all studied biomarkers. Other biomarkers (HOMA index, adiponectin, resistin, adiponectin/resistin ratio) also had an AUC greater than 0.8, but smaller sensitivity/specificity ratio. Thus, in patients with CCS associated with NAFLD, compared with patients without NAFLD, an imbalance of adipocytokines on the background of insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction is observed. Asymmetric dimethylarginine has the highest sensitivity, the optimal ratio of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of NAFLD in patients with coronary artery disease.

The state of the main arteries, vascular age in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity: the role of leptin and adiponectin

Aim.To study the state of the main arteries and vascular age in conjunction with the level of leptin and adiponectin in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity.Material and methods. One hundred and twenty patients with AH stage II aged from 45 to 65 years were divided into 3 groups depending on body mass index (BMI). Group 1 was represented by patients with AH and normal BMI, the 2 group was represented by patients with AH and excessive BMI, the 3 group was represented by patients with AH in combination with obesity. A standard clinical examination was performed, the stiffness of the vascular wall was measured by measuring the pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the muscle and elastic vessels (PWVe), vascular age was calculated, and the laboratory markers of obesity were determined.Results.High percentage of visceral obesity was observed: 20,0% among people with normal BMI, 64,4% among overweight people and 100% among people with obesity (differences between 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 2 and 3 groups are reliable). A statistically significant increase in PWVe was detected in patients with AH and obesity in comparison with patients with AH and normal body weight (9,8 [8,5; 11,3] vs 8,0 [79; 8,1] m/s). Vascular age was higher in patients with AH and overweight or obesity compared with patients with AH and normal weight (670 [60,0; 76,0], 68,0 [60,0; 72,0] vs 58,0 [57,0; 60,0] years, respectively). A statistically significant increase in the concentration of leptin (6,9 [4,5; 15,1] vs 19,0 [74; 42,7] vs 53,8 [38,4; 75,8] ng/ml) was detected, as well as a decrease in adiponectin concentration from the 1 to the 3 group (44,9 [36,6; 55,8] vs 16,5 [12,5; 24,7] vs 18,6 [15,3; 22,4] ng/ml, respectively).Correlation analysis revealed the presence of highly reliable relationships between the parameters of rigidity of the main arteries and laboratory markers of obesity.Conclusion.The results indicated a negative effect of hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia on the elasticity of the vascular wall of the main arteries and the vascular age in hypertensive patients with its combination with overweight or obesity.

ADIPONECTIN AS A SERUM MARKER OF ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: CORRELATION WITH INDICATORS OF METABOLIC DISTURBANCES.

This study was conducted on 61 women with PCOS and 17 healthy women whose age and body mass index (BMI) were matched. Adiponectin serum levels were assessed and correlated with parameters of metabolic and hormonal disturbances. In PCOS women, serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, testosterone, LH, and LH/FSH were significantly higher, while SHBG was lower than in healthy women. Lower adiponectin was observed in both PCOS groups compared to the control group. Serum levels of adiponectin correlated inversely with BMI (r=- 0.56; p<0.001),WC(r = -0.452;p<0.001), insulin levels (r= - 0.409; p<0.001), HOMA-IR (r= -0.368; p<0.001), and free androgen index (FAI) (r= - 0.53; p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between adiponectin and LH (r= 0.35; p<0.001), LH/FSH ratio (r= 0.33; p<0.001) and SHGB (r= 0.51; p<0.001). Serum adiponectin levels are decreased in women with PCOS compared to the control group. The decrease in adiponectin concentration indicates its potential role in metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of PCOS, as well as in the development and progression of insulin resistance in PCOS patients.

Abstract 158: The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflammatory Markers in Men and Premenopausal Women: Do Sex Differences Exist?

Introduction Little is known about the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on inflammatory markers. Objective To investigate the effects of a 4-week controlled isoenergetic MedDiet on adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations in premenopausal women and age-matched men. Methods Participants were 37 men and 32 premenopausal women aged 24-53 years with a slightly elevated plasma LDL-C (3.4-4.9 mmol/L) or total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio ≥ 5.0, i.e. individuals for whom the adoption of healthy dietary habits is recommended in CVD prevention. During the experimental MedDiet, all foods and drinks were provided to participants. Adiponectin and hs-CRP concentrations were measured before and after the MedDiet by ELISA. This controlled 4-week experimental MedDiet has been previously shown to improve lipid and lipoprotein profiles and blood pressure in both men and women. Results Adiponectin concentration decreased in response to the MedDiet (time effect, P&lt;0.0001), with a tendency for a greater decrease in men (-17.3%, P=0.0001) than in women (-10.7%, P=0.27; sex by time interaction effect P=0.075). A higher adiponectin concentration before the MedDiet was associated with a greater decrease in response to the MedDiet (r=-0.36 and P=0.003). The MedDiet had no impact on hs-CRP concentration in both men and women (value before the MedDiet: 1.53±0.25 mg/L in men and 2.32±0.31 mg/L in women; time effect, P=0.50; time by sex interaction, P=0.36). hs-CRP concentration before the MedDiet was negatively associated with variations in hs-CRP concentrations in response to the MedDiet (r=-0.39 and P=0.002). Conclusions Our results suggest that short term consumption of MedDiet in isocaloric conditions, which has overall beneficial effects on traditional risk factors, leads to a decrease in adiponectin concentration, an adipokine known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and has no impact on hs-CRP concentration. This decrease in adiponectin concentration may be more pronounced in men than in premenopausal women. This unexpected impact of the MedDiet on adiponectin concentration, especially in men, needs further investigation.

Effects of Repeated Bouts of Supramaximal Exercise on Plasma Adiponectin, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Sedentary Men

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise on plasma adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in sedentary men. Fourteen healthy, nonsmoking, and sedentary men aged between 18.4 and 21.4 years participated in the study. All the subjects performed 5 Wingate tests (WTs) with 75 g per kilogram body weight load with 2-minute intervals between the tests. Blood samples were collected at preexercise, immediately after, 15 and 60 minutes after the fifth WT. Serum and plasma samples were stored at -80°C until the time of analysis for myoglobin, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Plasma adiponectin levels decreased, whereas IL-6 levels increased postexercise compared with that preexercise. The TNF-α levels were not changed with supramaximal exercise. In conclusion, repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise cause an inflammatory response in exercised muscle and increase in plasma IL-6 levels and decrease in adiponectin concentrations.

Atherogenic alterations in hypertriglyceridemic patients would not depend on insulin resistance

Background and aimsSeveral studies have been carried out to characterize the different alterations associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and to identify this dyslipemia as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HTG is frequently, but not always, associated with insulin resistance (IR). The present study was aimed to evaluate if the alterations observed in biomarkers of CVD were similar in HTG states independently of IR. MethodsHTG was defined as triglycerides ≥1.69mmol/l and IR as HOMA-IR ≥3.1. HTG-IR patients (n=15) were compared with HTG subjects without IR (WIR) (n=15) and with normotriglyceridemic (NTG)-WIR individuals (n=30). ResultsBoth HTG groups shared the increment in VLDL-C and non-HDL-C, HDL enrichment in triglycerides and depletion in phospholipids, the decrease in adiponectin concentration, and the increase in CETP activity. HDL-C and VCAM-1 levels were altered only in HTG-IR patients in comparison with the other groups, while oxidized LDL was only higher in HTG-IR than the control group. Multiple regression analysis identified triglycerides as the independent predictor of HDL-C, CETP activity and oxidized LDL levels. ConclusionThe increase in triglycerides is the major determinant factor of the atherogenic modifications observed, while IR would be an amplifier factor.

Adiponectin during pregnancy: correlation with fat metabolism, but not with carbohydrate metabolism

Several studies show an association of adiponectin deficiency with obesity, insulin resistance and dysfunctional fat metabolism. This study investigates to what extent the correlations described occurs in pregnant women. Metabolism parameters and adiponectin serum levels were measured in 32 pregnant women at various times during their pregnancies and during the first six postpartum weeks. In this random group of pregnant subjects no correlation was found between adiponectin and insulin, C-peptides, blood sugar levels or BMI. No correlation was found between adiponectin and carbohydrate metabolism. The adiponectin levels of the pregnant women correlated negatively with triglyceride levels during the various stages of pregnancy; in the 36th week of gestation and at 6 weeks after the birth a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol was observed. The decrease in adiponectin concentration in pregnancy must therefore be more closely connected with changes in fat metabolism than with an increase in insulin resistance or weight gain during the pregnancy. The decrease in adiponectin does not correlate with an increase in body fat, BMI or weight; however, it does correlate with metabolism. The mechanisms of the regulation, which causes adiponectin levels to fall, is still unknown.

Effect of Carvedilol on Plasma Adiponectin Concentration in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Patients with a high plasma adiponectin have a poor prognosis in chronic heart failure (CHF). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are reported to increase the plasma adiponectin concentration, but the effect of beta-blockers on plasma adiponectin in patients with CHF remains unknown. Blood samples were collected at before and 6 months after administration of carvedilol in 44 CHF patients. The hemodynamic parameters, echocardiography, plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine and adiponectin were measured. Six months after treatment, there were significantly decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin (15.8 +/-1.4 to 11.0 +/-1.1 microg/ml, P<0.0001), BNP and norepinephrine and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). On stepwise multivariable analyses, a higher plasma adiponectin concentration before treatment (rs=-0.561, P<0.0001) was a significant independent predictor of a greater decrease in adiponectin concentration and the decrease in plasma adiponectin concentration was significantly correlated with the improvement of LVEF (r=-0.561, P<0.0001). These findings indicate that carvedilol decreases plasma adiponectin concentration and that the decrease in plasma adiponectin is associated with the improvement of LVEF after treatment with carvedilol in CHF patients.

Adiponectin Serum Levels and Their Relationships to Androgen Concentrations and Ovarian Volume during Puberty in Girls with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: To study the adiponectin levels during puberty in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and their relationship to body mass index (BMI), Tanner stage, ovarian volume (OV), and androgen levels. Methods: We studied adiponectin and testosterone levels and OV in 56 pubertal girls with DM1 and in 59 healthy girls serving as controls. The effects of DM1, BMI standard deviation scores (BMI SDS), testosterone, and OV over adiponectin levels were assessed. Results: The adiponectin levels were higher in the DM1 girls as compared with the controls. There was a significant decrease in adiponectin concentrations during puberty in DM1 girls only. The adiponectin levels in the girls with DM1, but not in the controls, exhibited a negative correlation with OV (r = –0.427, p = 0.002) and testosterone (r = –0.262, p = 0.049). Regression analysis showed DM1, BMI SDS, testosterone levels, and OV to be significant factors over adiponectin levels. The effect of Tanner stage was due to differences in BMI SDS. Conclusions: Decreasing adiponectin levels observed during puberty in adolescents with DM1 correlate with increasing testosterone levels and OV. We observed higher adiponectin levels in DM1 patients only at the beginning of puberty. The lack of elevated adiponectin levels observed during the late stages of puberty in girls with DM1 may be involved in the metabolic abnormalities observed during this stage.

Common polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNP+45 and SNP+276) of the adiponectin gene regulate serum adiponectin concentrations and blood pressure in young Finnish men

Epidemiologic studies have shown that serum level of adiponectin, a circulating protein secreted by adipocytes, predicts the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin locus (T45G or G276T) of the adiponectin gene ( APM1) have been associated with insulin resistance, low serum adiponectin levels, and diabetes. In the present study, the association of these polymorphisms with serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance-associated risk factors was investigated. To this aim, SNP+45 and SNP+276 of APM1 were genotyped in 252 young Finnish men. Serum adiponectin level ( p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.031) were significantly higher in subjects with the T276T genotype of APM1 compared to those with the G276T or G276G genotypes. Mean diastolic blood pressure among the T276T subjects was 80 mmHg and that in subjects with the G276G and G276T genotypes below 75 mmHg. An interaction between triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and SNP276 with regard to serum adiponectin level was found. After adjustment for other covariates, the interaction between triglycerides and SNP276 remained statistically significant ( p = 0.009). Among subjects with the T276T genotype, an increase in triglyceride level was associated with a decrease in adiponectin concentration. This result was not observed in other genotype groups. SNP+45 was not significantly related to serum adiponectin concentration, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol tended to be higher in subjects with the T45T genotype ( p = 0.051) compared to subjects with the X45G genotype. In conclusion, the T276T genotype of the adiponectin gene was associated with elevated serum adiponectin level and diastolic blood pressure among young Finnish men.

Determinants of plasma adiponectin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa examined before and after weight gain

To examine the determinants of adiponectin levels (i) in 23 women with anorexia nervosa (mean BMI 15.0 +/- 1.2) and 43 healthy normal weight females (mean BMI 22.3 +/- 2.3; cross-sectional design) as well as (ii) after six and twelve weeks of weight gain in subgroups of 18 and 11 anorectic patients (mean weight gain 5.8 kg; longitudinal design). Plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured and their relationships to body composition (fat mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometrics), different hormones and metabolic parameters (insulin, ACTH, cortisol, glucose, FFA, lipid profile) were investigated. In anorectic patients, adiponectin levels were higher (+29 %) and leptin levels were lower (-75 %) than in control subjects. There was a high variance in adiponectin levels in patients ranging from 2.6 to 18 nM. Combining patients and controls, an inverse linear correlation was observed between adiponectin levels and fat mass (r = -0.36, p < 0.05), while a positive exponential relation was found between leptin levels and fat mass (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). In anorectic patients, there were no significant correlations between adiponectin and hormonal or metabolic parameters. Weight gain resulted in increasing leptin (+0.17 +/- 0.12 nM; p < 0.001) and a nonsignificant decrease in adiponectin concentrations (-1.12 +/- 2.51 nM). Changes in leptin levels were mainly explained by a gain in fat mass (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). In contrast, changes in adiponectin levels were closely linked to initial adiponectin levels (r = -0.84, p < 0.001) but not to changes in fat mass or BMI. Cross-sectionally serum adiponectin concentration followed a linear inverse function with fat mass when patients and controls were combined. Longitudinally gain in fat mass was not associated with changes in adiponectin levels suggesting other yet unidentified influences on adiponectin secretion in anorexia nervosa.