Decorative Composition Research Articles

Green infrastructure as a factor of sustainable urban development: current status and prospects

Abstract The article reflects the results of the assessment of the current state and functioning of the green infrastructure of the urban environment. A thorough survey of the territory and a clear functional zoning were carried out. A study of the features of Landscaping and landscaping of urban forests was conducted and a whole range of issues related to the formation of a full-fledged environment for human recreation was identified. The research has established plants that can withstand high temperature conditions and low humidity, high levels of dust and gases in the air of the urban environment, soil compaction, etc. In the course of research, it was revealed that coniferous plants play a large role in the creation of decorative compositions. For a shaded lawn, special types of herbs are used that can do without direct sunlight. Local creators and artists can be involved in the creation of unusual forest art objects. This will create additional interest in visiting and contribute to the dissemination of information about the city and its attractions on social networks, creating an attractive tourist image. The improvement of the city’s forest area will create opportunities for organizing full-fledged recreation for urban residents, and will have a beneficial effect on their psychological and physical condition. Thus, a sufficient number of well-maintained public spaces have a positive effect on the physical and psycho-emotional health of a city dweller, on the effectiveness of his work.

Phytoncidal activity of the needles of Juniperus L. representatives in the technogenic conditions of the city of Dnipro

The territory of the Dnipro urban agglomeration is one of the most polluted in Ukraine. The high concentration of industrial enterprises, roads, density of residential buildings and urban population are factors of anthropogenic pressure on urban ecosystems that significantly affect the quality of the habitat of living organisms and human life. Therefore, an urgent problem of modern urban planning and urban amenities is compliance with sanitary requirements for landscaping residential and industrial areas. The creation of decorative compositions with a predominance of tree and shrub species ensures the landscape attractiveness of the city, reduces the level of noise and dust pollution, improves temperature and wind conditions, improves public health by normalizing the psychological state of people and purifying the city air with phytoncides of plants, especially conifers. Taking into account the high decorative qualities and resistance of junipers to adverse climatic conditions, the aim of the study was to analyze the annual dynamics of phytoncidal activity of Juniperus media V. D. Dmitriev «Blue gold» and J. sabina L. «Tamariscifolia» needles in conditionally clean and polluted by vehicle emissions areas of Dnipro city. The plant material was collected at 4 monitoring points in Dnipro, 1 was a conditional control, and the other 3 were experimental plots with different levels of vehicle traffic. Needles were sampled at all periods of shoot ontogeny. The phytoncidal activity was determined by the method of «steaming» microbial test cultures with volatile needle secretions on test cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Esherechia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida albicans. The results of the study show that the dynamics of phytoncidal activity of J. media and J. sabina needles during the year is the same in plants growing in a conditionally clean area and under the influence of motor vehicle traffic: the amount of released phytoncides increases in spring, during the period of intensive shoot growth, reaches a maximum at the stage of slowing down their growth (in summer), decreases in autumn, with the cessation of growth processes, and is minimal in winter, when there is no shoot growth. It has been shown that in a clean area, needle extracts of both representatives of the genus Juniperus have the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus colonies, and under the influence of vehicle emissions, the phytoncidal activity is highest against S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. It was found that out of the two studied representatives of the genus Juniperus, J. media has the highest stability of the ability to secrete phytoncides under conditions of motor vehicle traffic load, which we recommend for use in urban landscaping.

Plastic features of the animalistic genre in the decorative composition of students of the faculty of art education

Plastic features of the animalistic genre in the decorative composition of students of the faculty of art education

ACOUSTIC VESSELS OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND RESONATORS (HOLOSNIKI) OF CHERNIHIV CHURCHES

The use of so-called acoustic vessels in medieval monumental architecture is a subject of debate. These vessels were most often placed in the arches and vaults of buildings. Sometimes their necks, exposed to the interior spaces, formed decorative compositions. However, it is incomprehensible whether they actually improved the acoustic properties of buildings. It is suggested that these vessels were intended to reduce the weight of the building structures instead. There is also no clear understanding of when and where the tradition of their use originated or how it spread. Nevertheless, the presence of «acoustic vessels» in hundreds of buildings from the 10th to the 18th centuries in Europe and Asia Minor allows us to consider them as characteristic of medieval architecture and to view «acoustic vessels» as a specific building material. The tradition of using acoustic vessels in Eastern Europe can be traced in the example of Chernihiv. In Chernihiv, they were documented during the research of the Transfiguration Cathedral and the 11th-century tomb church, as well as in the 12th-century Borisoglebsk and Assumption Cathedrals and the Pyatnytska Church of the 12th — early 13th centuries. Research materials indicate that specially made jugs were used as acoustic vessels in the construction of 11th-century Chernihiv. Later (not earlier than the second half of the 12th century), amphorae began to be used. In the example of Chernihiv, two main methods of using «acoustic vessels» in construction can be identified: numerous vessels filled the cavities of the vaults; one or several vessels were placed at the base of the vaults and arches. The first method is typically found in earlier buildings, while the second is more common in later ones. A separate issue is the production of this specific building material. The early «acoustic vessels» of Chernihiv have no analogues among the traditional products of local potters. Most likely, their production was organized by the craftsmen who carried out the construction. Only much later the amphorae, arrived as imported items from the Mediterranean, began to be used.

Understanding and documenting decorated façades of the Coquimbo Region in Chile

The present contribution aims at documenting decorated earthen architecture in the Coquimbo Region of Chile, in the provinces of Limarì and Elqui, specifically in Tulahuèn and Pisco Elqui. The peculiarity of these decorated façades is their rich ornamental composition, resulting in interesting patterns and textural realizations. These decorated façades witness the significance of Chilean earthen heritage and thus deserve an in-depth investigation. The vernacular buildings observed in the Limarì Valley present irregular and non-formal geometric decorations and graphic representation, engraved motifs and tiling, and wavy patterns, creatively interpreting the façade as the owner's canvas. The earthen architecture of Pisco Elqui shows a formal façade decorative composition, which could be associated with the presence of a school of masters and artisans with decorative expertise. The latter façades present classical features and stuccoes combined with geometrically composed pattern textures and engraved elements. The vernacular decorations of Limarì buildings' façades enclose immaterial values and express themselves through the anonymous touch of the inhabitants, revealing intimate stories and ancient local memories. The present paper also promotes the possibility of reviving this decorative tradition as a tool for contemporary projects for the renovation of earthen houses at the urban scale, enhancing the importance of using local and sustainable materials.

INVENTORY OF THE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE GENUS SPIRAEA L. ON THE TERRITORY OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN "PODILLYA" VNAU AND THE USE OF THE SPECIES INVESTIGATED IN CREATING GARDEN AND PARK COMPOSITIONS

The article examines the peculiarities of the use of species and decorative forms of the genus Spiraea in the plantations of the "Podillia" botanical garden of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Namely: Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica L.), Bumalda's spirea (Spiraea bumalda L.), White spirea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab.), Thunberg's spirea (Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex. Blume), Wangut's spirea (Spiraea vanhouttei (Briot) Zab.), medium spirea (Spiraea media L.), birch spirea (Spiraea betulifolia L.). It was established that the species of spirea growing on the territory of the botanical garden "Podillia" of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University belong to the following sections: Calospira, Glomerati, Chamaedryon, Spiraria. The largest number of plants is the Calospira section, which includes plants of the species Spiraea japonica (Spiraea japonica L.) (12 pcs), Spiraea bumalda (Spiraea bumalda L.) (8 pcs) and White Spiraea (Spiraea alba (Miq.) Zab. ) (4 pcs). As a result of the research, it was established that species of the genus Spirea are highly decorative from the beginning of April to the beginning of November. Although spring-flowering species have a short flowering, but it is very abundant. White, Japanese, and Boumalda spireas have the longest flowering period. Also, studies have shown that, taking into account the decorative qualities of Spireia species, they can be successfully used in the design of landscape or regular style objects in such plant compositions: single or group plantings, mixed borders, curbs and hedges, when creating alleys, undergrowth and the edge of the forest, with greening of the slopes. Based on the results of the observations, landscaping projects were proposed, which demonstrate various ways of using plants of the genus Spirea in combination with other types of plants to create decorative compositions. According to the project decisions, species of the genus Tavolga can be combined with such plants as: Berberis thubergii, Heuchera sanguinea, Euonymus fortune, Coreopsis verticillta, Forsythia Intermedia , Cotoneaster divaricatus, Hydrangea paniculata, Juniperus communis and J. horizontalis.

Species composition of coniferous plant pests in urban landscapes of the Krasnodar Territory

The results of the studies of conifers as a material for landscaping of settlements, and as an accent and dominant in decorative compositions or in mono-planting are presented. The expansion of coniferous plant assortment for landscape construction of southern Russia in the 2000s was noted due to the introduction of crops from other regions with different natural and climatic conditions. Newly planted crops are under stress, which has a negative effect on the immune status of the introduced plants. The results of the study of the species composition of sucking pests of coniferous plants in urban landscapes are presented. The world experience in the studies of urban landscapes shows the expansion of the species composition of pests from the order of homopterous insects (Homoptera). Phytosanitary monitoring of ornamental conifers in urban plantations and park areas in the Kuban zone of the central horticultural subzone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2012-2022 was conducted. As a result of these studies, the species diversity of sucking pests of coniferous plants in the region has been identified, their ranking by the type of feeding has been carried out, and a database is being compiled. It has been found that the dominant representatives of the superfamily Coccidae in the region are: European juniper scale insect (Carulaspis juniperi Bouché) and yew pseudo scale insect (Parthenolecanium pomeranicum Kawecki), and pine spindle scale insect (Anamaspis lowi Colvee). The regularities of food specialization of scales are of not only theoretical but also practical importance. Based on the research, the probable composition of pests on a newly introduced crop can be predicted. The resulting patterns are one of the theoretical foundations of pest control measures.

The world of things in traditional Chinese painting

The relevance of the article. The formation of genre and the principles of genre classification in the art of East Asian countries is one of the least researched problems in the theory and history of art. It is generally accepted that still life appeared in the art of China as a result of the influence of the Euro-pean artistic system. Meanwhile, motifs related to the depiction of elements of the subject environment can be traced in other genres of Chinese painting. In modern artistic practice, still life is considered mainly as an element of academic education, but its creative potential remains little realized. Therefore, the relevance of the research is determined by the needs of both theory and artistic practice.
 The purpose of the article is to determine the main approaches to the depiction of things, their typological complexes, their role and significance in Chinese classical art.
 The methodology. In the research we used general scientific and special research methods. In particular, methods of systematization, content analysis and typology were applied; methods of formal, stylistic, semantic, comparative analysis.
 The results. The article outlines the main approaches to studying the origins of still life as a genre in the Chinese artistic tradition. As a result of the analysis of samples of easel and decorative painting, the main models of the representation of things were revealed, their typology, role and means of representation in the visual and content structure of the works were determined. The semantic aspects of pictorial motifs and their connections with the development of handicrafts, Confucian education, tastes and values of the privileged top of society and the development of collecting, are highlighted.
 The scientific novelty. For the first time, in the work we touched upon the issue of the formation of still life as a genre and its origins in Chinese painting, highlighted the previous artistic experience of depicting objects of the material environment, defined the main thematic complexes, established their role and significance in classical works.
 The practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the development of educational courses in the history of art and provide the necessary material both for creative experiments and for the development of various projects in the field of visual arts.
 Conclusions. The results of the analysis of various materials of fine art allow us to claim that in Chinese classical art, other, different from European, options for the representation of the world of things were formed. Typologically, they are represented by three models: a “portrait” of a thing (a close-up of one object with a careful depicting of form and decoration), a thing as a component of a portrait, a catalogue of things (a decorative composition on the theme “4 treasures of a scientist”, “4 noble arts”, “100 antiquities”). In all models, the depicted objects act as personifications of material and spiritual values of society, a sign of Confucian virtues, and as benevolent symbols. The “100 antiquities” complex, which was formed by XVIII century, combined previous lists of valuable things and became a reflection of craft achievements, educational tradition and awareness of its value, and the development of collecting.

Spicy plants in the landscape compositions of the Syrets Arboretum

Purpose. To analyze the taxonomic and varietal diversity of the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum, evaluate their decorative qualities and determine the directions of use in landscape design. Methods. The subject of the study is spicy plants grown on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, which are a part of the collection of open ground plants. The species and varieties of this group of plants were introduced in the arboretum from 1949 to 2021. In the process of research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization of information were used. Results. It has been established that the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum includes 69 taxa belonging to 33 gene­ra, 12 families. There are 52 species and 25 cultivars among them. The largest number of representatives are in the families Lamiaˆceae – 32 taxa, Amaryllidaceae – 11 taxa and Aste­raceae – 9 taxa. The life forms of spicy plants are represented by woody (19 taxa) and herbal plants (50 taxa, of which 10 annual, 2 biennial, and 38 perennial forms). The traditional fields of application of spicy plants are food, medicine (pharmacology) and perfumery. In addition, their decorative varieties and cultivars are used to create landscape compositions. In particular, on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, spicy plants are the compositional basis of the thematic “garden of spicy aromatic plants”, they are used as elements of classic flower beds and summer compositions, thematic compositions (national and pharmacy gardens, vegetable flower beds), alpine slides and rocky gardens, etc. Conclusions. Many years of experience in landscape design and creation of floral arrangements in the Syrets Arboretum showes that spicy plants are an important element in all types of tested decorative compositions. It is revealed that out of 69 spicy plants that grow on collectible plantings of the Sirets Arboretum, 51 have decorative qualities and are used as decorative-floral and decorative-deciduous species. The taxonomic and varietal variety of spicy plants has considerable potential for breeding work and creation of highly decorative landscape compositions of various purposes. Due to the availability of different life forms and biomorphological features, it is advi­sable to use spicy plants in different types of plantations for decorative gardening and landscape design.

Unveiling the Use of Wide Horizontal Rim Vessels (Bronze Age Northwest Iberian Peninsula)

This paper addresses a “wide horizontal rim vessel” belonging to the collection of Fundação Sousa d’Oliveira (Azores). Although its provenance and the circumstances of its discovery are currently unknown, the authors contend that this vessel should be attributed to the Iberian Northwest and, more specifically, to the Portuguese territory, in line with the highly homogenous distribution of this type of pottery. A morphological and stylistic study has been carried out establishing its singularity with regards to the decorative composition of the rim, which is without parallel amongst dozens of vessels of the same “family”. During the study of this piece, it has been possible to observe traces of soot and organic residues deposited both on its interior and exterior surfaces, which is recurrent in these vessels. The nature of these substances has never been determined in previous studies. In this article, we present and discuss the results obtained from the chromatographic analyses of the organic residue traces found on the vessel.

Processing of the Content of Colored Glass Materials for Decorative Compositions and Researching their Main Properties

Processing of the Content of Colored Glass Materials for Decorative Compositions and Researching their Main Properties

PROCESSING OF THE CONTENT OF COLORED GLASS MATERIALS FOR DECORATIVE COMPOSITIONS AND RESEARCHING THEIR MAIN PROPERTIES

The compositions of colored glasses in the PbO–SiO2 system for stained glass decorative compositions have been developed. Some physicochemical properties of the obtained glasses and their crystallization ability were studied.

Abstract forms and symbolism of the ornament in the Paleolithic art of Malta (The State Hermitage collections)

The article continues the studies of the series of cult pendants and crafts from the Upper Paleolithic site of Malta, dated 23–19 kya. The article uses materials from the Malta collections of the State Hermitage Museum. The author considers rod-shaped crafts, buckles and pendants in the form of “eight” as a particular abstract form of Paleolithic art. Analyzing the art objects of Malta, the author classifies figurines and handicrafts as belonging to a stylized manner of depiction. Image stylization being one of the techniques of artistic abstraction is not an initial generalization and convention resulted from the peculiarities of our perception, but rather from a symbolic system of the mythological genre, revised and recorded by means of symbolic codes. A special role in symbolic symbols is given to ornamental elements those create separate structures of symbols and decorative compositions. Any selected ornamental elements (modules) in various combinations can carry different semantic loadings. In this respect it is important to analyze the use of ornamental patterns and their correlation with specific kinds of craft items and decorations. The author notes that the preservation of the material and traces of biogenic effects on objects during their staying in soil horizons (manganese dendrites, traces of plant roots an microorganisms) give a strong distortion of decorative elements.

SOME APPLIED TASKS OF THE GEOMETRICAL DRAWING IN THE ACCORATIVE ART

An author offers a postulate about possibility of imitation of arbitrary smooth curve by a line with the tsyrkuVnymy interfaces. The method of construction of decorative compositions having in the composition lines with the tsyrkulnymy interfaces is developed, which passed out the test on the artistically-graphic faculty of the Kryvorozhskogo state pedagogical university.

Досвід опрацювання самчиківського розпису в підготовці вчителів мистецтва

Досвід опрацювання самчиківського розпису в підготовці вчителів мистецтва

ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ ОБРАЗНОСТЬ ФАСАДНОГО ДЕКОРА САНАТОРИЯ «ЭНЕРГЕТИК» В ГОРОДЕ ЯЛТЕ

The article considers the uniqueness of the architectural and artistic design of the facade decoration of the main building of the sanatorium "Energetik", built in 1950 in the city of Yalta, the Republic of Crimea, according to the project of Moscow architects K. K. Lopyalo and S. G. Deminsky. Archival and author's photographic images of the main building, bas-relief and plastic plot compositions, demonstrating the historical and cultural significance of the object, make it possible to conduct a multi-stage analysis to identify the compositional, artistic, and stylistic characteristics of the object under consideration. The study of decorative compositions reveals the orientation, historical and subject relationships, artistic features of the plot compositions in the facade decor of the main building of the sanatorium. The analysis also allows to determine the figurative and symbolic meaning of the exterior decoration, the cultural and stylistic connection with the architectural trends of the Soviet period, as well as the originality of the author's solution. The provisions identified during the analysis give grounds to distinguish the "Energetik" sanatorium complex among other Crimean health resorts, and put this object on a par with other outstanding recreational projects of the Soviet heritage built in southern Russia in the period from 1930s to 1950s.

Employing Decorative Composition Between Originality and Contemporary in Furniture Designs

The decorative composition represents one of the most important aspects of heritage as the cultural value that affects one way or another on the successive generations. Many furniture designs that bear contemporary formal values have emerged, at a time when the issue of contemporary and its relationship to originality is one of the important issues that occupy the Arab community. The idea of the designer, and hence the research problem arose with the following question: How is the decorative composition employed between originality and contemporary in furniture designs? while the goal of the research is embodied in revealing the mechanism of employing decorative composition between originality and contemporary in furniture designs. As for the limits of the research, it was objectively determined by studying the employment of decorative formations between authenticity and contemporary, while ensuring its spatial and temporal limits in what Pinterest offers for the year 2021. The theoretical framework of the research consists of two sections, the first dealt with the concept of decorative composition, and the second dealt with the concepts of originality and contemporary. For fidelity and stability. The analysis process resulted in a number of results, the most important of which are: The designs of the decorative composition emerged bearing essential qualities and also expressive of an art that indicates originality and contemporary at the same time within a design fabric that carries a specific intellectual direction, which is to show the aesthetics of the originality of furniture designs, but in a contemporary way. This was embodied through the employment of elements Formalism of decorative composition Line, shape, color, texture, size, area and measure, direction. Relying on the foundations of decorative composition balance, proportion and proportion, unity and diversity, repetition, compatibility, harmony, supremacy, which created designs characterized by balance and wonderful organization of design elements and their relationships with each other to achieve an aesthetic value for those designs.

The Odino-Krokhalev pottery type of Eastern Kazakhstan (problem statement)

The paper deals with the question of identifying the Odino-Krokhalev pottery type among the materials of the Early Bronze Age of East Kazakhstan. It has been recorded on 41 sites of the region, mainly within the Kulunda plain and the Irtysh River valley and accounts for 14% of the total number of recorded vessels. This ceramic type is mainly represented by open and closed can-shaped vases. The predominant ornamental element used to decorate the outer surface of the vessels is represented by dots or oblique lines that form motives in the form of horizontal rows. The decor is usually applied using the pricking method with a stick, an animal spatula, as well as a smooth or comb stamp, while the false textile ornamentation is not documented. The latter occurs in settlements associated with the Elunino and Chemarsk materials. According to the available radiocarbon dates the period of diffusion of the Odino-Krokhalev pottery type in East Kazakhstan is in the Early Bronze Age (3rd early 2nd millennium BC). Apparently, the appearance of such elements as notches and wolf teeth is associated with the cultural influences of the bearers of the Odino-Krokhalev ceramic firstly in the decorative composition of the Elunino and then of the Andronovo vessels of the South of Western Siberia. The primary task is to find and study stratified sites with the Odin-Krokhalev pottery type.

Языческая программа произведений раннеславянского искусства: человек и животные

On the base of stylistic and iconographic analysis of the early Slavic pagan artwork, it is possible to see that programs for their creation can be some realistic, semantic, semiotic, decorative agendas behind it. In reality, these types of programs were combined. Realistic works are unknown, but they are mentioned in written sources. Idols most fully embody the semantic program, depicting the unfolding scheme of the world, showing the role of gods and the place of people and demons in it. Cover plates and templates with images of people, animals and synthetic creatures formed both semantic and semiotic compositions with a tendency to ornamentalism, used together and separately. With symbols and signs, they reflected the connection between gods, people and animals, the possibility of their mutual transformations, reflected by rituals. Compositions of these images could be connected with pagan sanctuaries and rituals. Fibulae, items of military equipment, belt sets carry either more decorative compositions (palmate fibulae), or more semiotic ones (fibulae with a ribbon border, anthropozoomorphic fibulae, belt sets corresponding to these types of fibulae). Signs are included in the systems of symbols and meanings that exist outside of things, but they inscribe things precisely there, into the culture and picture of the world of Slavic paganism, where the gods are anthropomorphic, where man conquers animals and other enemies. The sign of anthropomorphism is placed in the center.

Ornament and Symbol. Main Symbols in the Decorative Composition of the Church’s Orthodox Art

The paper examines the semantics of decorative motifs of the flora and fauna in the visual arts, paying particular attention to the main symbols embedded in the ornamental compositions of the Church‘s Orthodox arts.