Decolourization Of Textile Effluent Research Articles

Textile effluents decolourization potential of metal tolerant Aspergillus species and optimization of biomass concentration and temperature

This research was performed to assess the physicochemical properties of textile effluents collected from different sampling points (industrial park, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India) and also evaluate the multiple metal tolerance efficiency of pre-isolated Aspergillus flavus. Moreover, their textile effluent decolourization potential was investigated and quantity and temperature required for effective bioremediation was optimized. About 5 textile effluent samples (S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4) were collected from various sampling points and noted that certain physicochemical properties (pH: 9.64 ± 0.38, Turbidity: 18.39 ± 1.4 NTU, Cl−: 3185.38 ± 15.8 mg L−1, BOD: 82.52 ± 6.9 mg L−1, COD: 342.28 ± 8.9 mg L−1, Ni: 74.21 ± 4.31 mg L−1, Cr: 48.52 ± 18.34 mg L−1, Cd: 34.85 ± 1.2 mg L−1, Zn: 25.52 ± 2.4 mg L−1, Pb: 11.25 ± 1.5 mg L−1, Hg: 1.8 ± 0.05 mg L−1, and As: 7.1 ± 0.41 mg L−1) were beyond the permissible limits. The A. flavus, showed remarkable metal tolerance to Pb, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, and Zn on PDA plates with elevated dosage up to 1000 μg mL−1. The optimal dosage required for effective decolourization was found as 3 g (48.2%) and compare to dead biomass (42.1%) of A. flavus, the viable biomass showed remarkable decolourization activity on textile effluents in a short duration of treatment process. The optimal temperature for effective decolourization by viable biomass was found at 32 ᵒC. The toxic effects of S4 samples treated at 32 ᵒC on O. sativa as well as brine shrimp larvae were significantly reduced. These findings show that pre-isolated A. flavus viable biomass can be used to decolorize metal-enriched textile effluent. Furthermore, the effectiveness of their metals remediation should be investigated using ex-situ and ex-vivo approaches.

Biodecolourization of Textile Effluents using Ligninolytic Enzymes Produced from Selected Bacterial and Fungal Isolated From Soil Contaminated Textile Waste

ABSTRACT Textile effluent contains enormous chemicals with detrimental environmental effects on both fauna and flora due to its chemical compositions. In this study, the effect of lignolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms for the treatment of textile effluent was examined using standard microbiological techniques. The potential of the isolates to produce laccase (L), lignin peroxidases (LiP) and manganase peroxidase (MnP) was investigated using streak plate method and assay methods. Finally, the L, LiP and MnP enzymes produced with the optimal processing parameter were used to decolorize textile effluent singly and in combination for ten (10) days. Fourteen (14) microbial isolates which include eight (8) bacterial and four (4) fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with textile effluents. Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger showed higher production of laccase with 8.0 mm diameter zone of inhibition. Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis had the widest zone of inhibition (12.0 and 8.0 mm) respectively. Only Aspergillus flavus however had the potential to produce lignin peroxidase (with 10 mm zones of clearance) of all the fungi isolated in this study. Laccase caused the highest decolourization of 72.5% comparable to 71.1% observed for the three enzyme combination while LiP has 57.0%. This finding established the potential use of bacterial ligninocellulolytic enzymes for the decolourization of textile effluent.

New Approaches of Biotechnology in Textile Coloration

The application of biotechnology in the textile processing is gaining worldwide detection as one of the hopeful approaches to pollution issue and cost reduction . Hydrolase enzymes as amylases , pectinase and cellulase have been successfully used in the wet process over the past 40 years. The application of these enzymes in one bath is the new challenge. laccases enzymes are used in biosynthesis and decolourization of textile effluents. Application of enzyme in hydrolysis of starch thickeners which is the main component of printing paste enzyme are one of the promising area. Green synthesis of dyes, in-situ coloration, polymer grafting are the new trend of enzymes application as it produce smart colored textile. Application of biotechnology in textile is the solution of almost all the problems of this industry. The enzymes researches illustrate improvement in product quality at shorter times and lower energy and water consumption. This state of art highlights the novel approaches of application of enzymes in the textile coloration and industry covering both current researches and pilot application.

Treatment of textile effluent using an anaerobic reactor integrated with activated carbon and ultrafiltration unit (AN-ACF-UF process) targeting salt recovery and its reusability potential in the pad-batch process

An on-site anaerobic biological reactor integrated with activated carbon filter (ACF) and ultra-filtration (UF) unit termed as AN-ACF-UF process was used for the decolourization of textile effluent at the industrial premises. The anaerobic reactor containing a microbial consortium enriched from the industrial effluent using a patented method was fed with a mixed inlet consisting of dye and pre-treatment range (PTR) effluents in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). The PTR effluent consists of effluent generated from desizing, bleaching, scouring, and mercerization process. The anaerobic unit was run in a continuous mode for 32 d with a hydraulic retention time of 2 d. The treated effluent from the anaerobic unit was fed into the ACF unit at 0.7 ml/min. Finally, the outlet from the ACF unit was fed into the UF unit. Daily variations were observed in the inlet effluent with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour (hazen value) in the range of 1950–2450 mg/L, and 2500–3100 hazen, respectively. The AN-ACF-UF process was effective in decolourizing 91 ± 3 % of the colour in textile effluent mixture. Germination test with the treated effluent on Vigna radiata did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) between control (92 ± 1 % germination) and treated effluent group (83 ± 1 % germination). The recovered salt contained high concentration of sodium salt (349.70 mg/g of salt). Integration of this process with the existing industrial ETP (Effluent treatment plant) would enable the industry to partially recover the cost of dyeing and achieve a zero liquid discharge system.

Decolourization of textile effluent using native microbial consortium enriched from textile industry effluent

A robust and efficient treatment process is required to address the problem of residual colour and avoid expensive post-treatment steps while dealing with textile effluents. In the present work, a novel microbial consortium enriched from textile effluent was used to optimize the process of decolourization under extreme conditions with minimum inputs. With PreTreatment Range (PTR) effluent as a carbon source and only 0.5 g/L yeast extract as external input, the process enabled 70-73% colour reduction (from 1910-1930 to 516-555 hazen) in dyeing unit wastewater. Unhindered performance at higher temperatures (30 °C-50 °C) and wide pH range (7-12) makes this process highly suitable for the treatment of warm and extremely alkaline textile effluents. No significant difference was observed in the decolourization efficiency for effluents from different batches (Colour: 1647-4307 hazen; pH-11.5-12.0) despite wide variation in nature and concentration of dyes employed. Long term (60 days) continuous mode performance monitoring at hydraulic retention time of 48 h in lab-scale bioreactor showed consistent colour (from 1734-1980 to 545-723 hazen) and chemical oxygen demand (1720-2170 to 669-844 mg/L) removal and consistently neutral pH of the treated water. Present study thus makes a significant contribution by uncovering the ability of native microbial consortium to reliably treat dye laden textile wastewater without any dilution or pre-treatment and with minimum external inputs. The results ensure easy applicability of this indigenously developed process at the industrial scale.

Enzimski tretmani za pamuk

Textile processing is a growing industry that traditionally has used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals. Conventional chemical processes are generally severe and fibre damage may occur. Enzymes are characterized by their ability to operate under mild conditions and as a result processes can be carried out without further damaging the fibers. Enzymes are also readily biodegradable and therefore potentially harmless and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the use of enzymes results in reduced process times, energy and water savings, improved product quality. This work represents a review of current research and future directions on the applications of enzymatic treatments for cotton. The enzymes used in the textile field are amylases for desizing of cotton and cellulases for denim finishing and biopolishing. The application of cellulases for denim finishing and laccases for decolourization of textile effluents and textile bleaching are the most recent commercial advances.

Biological decolourization of textile industry wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium.

Most currently employed textile effluent decolourization methods use physical and chemical processes where dyes do not get degraded instead concentrated or transferred into a solid phase. Therefore, further treatment processes are required to destroy dyes from the environment. In contrast, biological decolourization may result in degradation of the dye structure due to microbial activities and hence biological processes can be considered environmentally friendly. In the present study, bacterial strains with dye decolourization potential were isolated from the natural environment and their ability to decolourize four different reactive textile dyes was studied individually and in a bacterial consortium. The developed bacterial consortium composed with Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Enterobacter cloacae indicated more than 90% color removals for all four dyes and optimum decolourization of the dye mixture was observed at 40 °C and pH 7. The developed bacterial consortium decolourized 60% of dyes in textile industry effluent at 35 °C and pH 7 showing their ability to endure in highly complex and toxic environments and application in textile industry wastewaters.

Microaerophilic biodegradation of raw textile effluent by synergistic activity of bacterial community DR4

Treatment of raw textile effluent (RTE) is very difficult, due to its inherent heterogeneous, low-biodegradable and toxic compositions. Pure and mixed microbial cultures have limited metabolic capabilities in effective mineralization of complex RTE. Therefore, in this study a novel bacterial community DR4 was enriched directly into a complex RTE consisting of 27 different dyes using textile dye polluted soil as an inoculum. The rigorous enrichment process resulted in acclimatization of a taxonomically distinct bacterial population, with an abundance of the genus Comamonas in the bacterial community DR4 as compared to the abundance of Pseudomonas in the RTE respectively, as revealed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. Microaerophilic treatment of RTE by enriched bacterial community DR4, in the presence of optimized electron donor (sucrose) and nitrogen source (yeast extract) resulted in 88% of American Dye Manufacturer's Institute (ADMI) removal and 98% of Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction within 32 h at 37 °C. In silico prediction of the functional genes within bacterial community DR4 was made by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. The PICRUSt analysis revealed high abundance of xenobiotic degradation and metabolism genes. The predicted functional genes and textile dye degradation pathways were further validated using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and High Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS) based characterization of textile dye degradation metabolites. The activity of azoreductases in the cell-free extracts (CFE) of the enriched bacterial community DR4 was induced by 1.83–7.81 folds in the presence of representative textile dyes as compared to uninduced samples, which confirmed their role in textile effluent decolourization. The degradation of four representative azo dyes present in RTE such as Disperse orange 30, Reactive red 152, Direct blue 2 and Acid brown 15 depicted symmetric degradation of azo bonds by bacterial community DR4.

Immobilization of laccase-ABTS system for the development of a continuous flow packed bed bioreactor for decolorization of textile effluent

Decolourization of textile effluent is always being a problem of major concern for the safe disposal of effluent water in river stream. Due to intense colour of the effluent water, even after the treatment, disposal of the water in river stream is under strict environmental regulation. Laccase, a natural oxidase, have the miraculous power to decolourize different dyes with or without mediators. However, stability and cost of implementation of the enzyme at industrial conditions make the entire process unfeasible at industrial scale. In the present study, a highly thermo-alkali-stable, metal, surfactant and organic solvent tolerant laccase from Bacillus sp. MSK-01 was immobilized in Cu-alginate bead with ABTS mediator under standardized conditions. A continuous flow packed bed bioreactor was formulated to develop a continuous method of the treatment of effluent water. Results showed 66% reduction in the colour of the effluent. UV-VIS spectrum analysis of the treated and untreated samples showed the formation of the degradation products of dyes due to the action of laccase. The developed process can be made useful for on site industrial application.

Biotreatment of effluent from 'Adire' textile factories in Ibadan, Nigeria.

In this present study, bacteria were isolated from wastewater and polluted soil collected from two cottage textile factories in Ibadan. These bacteria isolates were used for the biotreatment of textile mill effluent. The physicochemical parameters of the textile mill effluent before treatment were carried out and percentage decolourisation of the effluent was analysed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis technique). The degradation products of the textile mill effluent characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pH values of the effluent were within the permissible limit of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), while temperature and electric conductivity of the effluents were below the permissible limit of FEPA and NESREA. The BOD, COD, TSS, TDS and chloride of the textile mill effluent from the two cottage textile factories were above the permissible limits of FEPA and NESREA. Twelve bacteria isolates were screened, effective in decolourising commercial dyes and used to decolourise the textile mill effluent. The bacteria isolates were characterised and identified as Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Erwinia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Nocardia sp. The decolourisation of textile effluent was observed through the changes of spectra of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The following bacteria revealed different percentage proportion of decolouration profile:- Bacillus sp., had the highest percentage decolourisation of 57.7%, whereas Micrococcus sp. and Acinetobacter sp. had percentage decolourisation of 32.8 and 26.3%, respectively. The degradation profile of textile effluent was revealed through FTIR spectral analysis. The changes in the position of major peaks revealed from the textile effluent through FTIR spectral analysis, appearances of new peaks and the disappearances of existing peaks signify the degradation of the wastewater. Thus, some native microorganisms from the textile effluent could be enhanced to effectively degrade effluent from such environments.

Decolourization of Textile effluent using Mutant strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp

Decolourization of Textile effluent using Mutant strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp

Industrial textile effluent decolourization in stirred and static batch cultures of a new fungal strain Chaetomium globosum IMA1 KJ472923

The treatment of an industrial textile effluent (ITE) was investigated by using a mono-culture of a novel fungal strain Chaetomium globosum IMA1. This filamentous fungus was selected based on its capacity for dye removal via the biodegradation mechanism. The respirometric analysis showed that C. globosum IMA1 was resistant to an indigo concentration up to 700 mg equivalent COD/L. The decolourization of the ITE by C. globosum was performed in static and stirred batch systems. The better lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase and the manganese peroxidase (MnP) productions were 829.9 U/L, 83 U/L and 247.8 U/L, respectively since 3–5 days under a stirred condition. Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colors (OD620) removal yields reached 88.4% and 99.8%, respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the treated effluent showed that the decolourization was due to the degradation and the transformation of dye molecules. However, spectrophotometric examination showed that the complete dye removal was through fungal adsorption (8%), followed by degradation (92%).

Evaluation of the efficiency of isolated bacterial consortium PMB11 in removal of colour, degradation and reduction of toxicity from textile dye effluent

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the textile effluent degrading potential of an isolated bacterial consortium PMB11. The consortium had the capacity to decolourize various textile dyes and textile effluent. Ninetyone percent textile effluent decolourization was observed within 120 hours. The physiochemical characterization of textile effluent indicates reduction in the total hardness (CaCO3), fluorides, chlorides, sulphate, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand of textile effluent after treatment with consortium PMB11. Induction in the activities of NADHdichlorophenolindophenol reductase, azoreductase, and aminopyrine N-demethylase was observed after decolourization, which indicates involvement of these enzymes in the decolourization and degradation process. The biodegradation of dyes from effluent was confirmed using various analytical techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy, and HPLC. A phytotoxicity study was performed to confirm the less toxic nature of the degradation metabolites than the effluent.

A Comparative Study on the Textile Effluent Decolourization by Using Synthesized Nano Particle and Procured Nano Particle

Semiconductor photocatalysis often leads to partial or complete mineralization of organic pollutants. Upon irradiation with UV/visible light, semiconductors catalyze redox reactions in presence of air/O 2 and water. Here, the potential of a common semiconductor, ZnO, has been explored as an effective catalyst for the photodegradation of textile effluent. The effects of process parameters like, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration and pH on the extent of photo degradation have been investigated. It is difficult to give a general picture of the kinetics using these wastewaters but the process was found to be quite effective for the decolourization of textile waste water. In this work, a detailed investigation was done on photocatalytic degradation for selected textile effluent. The ZnO nano particle was synthesized by using fuel urea by solution combustion method. This nano particle was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) and UV absorbance spectroscopy. The average size was found to be 41 nm. The band gap of the nano particle was found to be 3.2 eV and was tested for the photocatalytic degradation by varying parameters such as catalyst concentration, pH and dye concentration. Also, the efficiency of the synthesized nano particle was compared with the procured TiO 2 of size < 25 nm.

Trends in bio-processing of textiles: A review

This review highlights the use of enzymes in textile industry. Amylases have been used for desizing since the middle of the last century. The industrial use of biotechnology is bringing about new products and processes aimed at the use of renewable resources, as well as the application of green technologies with low energy consumption and environmentally acceptable processes. Textile processing is a growing industry that has traditionally used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals. Due to the ever growing costs of water and energy worldwide, the investigations are carried out to substitute conventional chemical textile processes by environmentally friendly and economically attractive bioprocesses using enzymes. The application of cellulases for denim finishing and laccases for decolourization of textile effluents, and textile bleaching are most recent commercial advances. New developments rely on the modifica­tion of natural and synthetic fibres. This work represents a review of enzyme applications in textile processes. The described bio-processings were accom­panied by a significantly lower consumption of energy, water, chemicals, time and costs. So it has advantages as well as in terms of ecology as in economy.

Biodecolourization of Textile Effluent using Mutagenised Strains of Pseudomonas and Bacillus species Isolated from Dyed Contaminated Soil.

This research was aimed at modification of Bacillus and Psuedomonas species isolated from dye contaminated soil with physical and chemical mutagens for improved dye biodecolourization. Textile effluent and dye contaminated soil were collected from a textile industry located at Challawa industrial area Kano, Nigeria. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas flourescens were isolated and selected based on their biodegradation potentials of textile effluents. The Bacillus and Pseudomonas species were modified with Ultra-violet rays at 254nm and Nitrous acid at different time interval (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30mins). Ultra-Violet (UV) light irradiated strains showed percentage survival that ranged from 3.04% Bacillus cereus (B8UV30) to 56.15% Pseudomonas fluorescens (P23UV5). The effect of nitrous acid (NHO22.0M) treatment on survival after exposure by the parent strains (B6WS, B8WS, P2WS and P23WS) at different time interval (10,15,20,25,30mins) showed percentage survival ranging from 10.37% Pseudomonas fluorescens (P23NA10) to 58.76% Bacillus cereus (B8NA10). The modified strains (B8UV30) had higher textile effluent decolourization potentials of 60.30±0.04 than the parent strain (B8WS) which showed 42.56±0.13% biodecolourization activities. Thus, the modified strains could be employed in the biodecolourization of textile effluents to meet acceptable levels prior to discharge of textile effluents into the receiving environment.

Effect of natural mediators on the stability of Trametes trogii laccase during the decolourization of textile wastewaters

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of natural mediators on the stability of the Trametes trogii crude laccase in the process of decolourization of textile effluents. Acetosyringone allowed the highest wastewaters decolourization rate of 25%. At higher concentrations of acetosyringone, the relative activity of laccase decreased approximately by between 38% and 88% after 5 days of incubation. T. trogii laccase was strongly inactivated at 3 mM syringaldehyde, after 3 days of incubation. However, laccase activity is more stable in the presence of the vanillin and m-coumarate. The T. trogii growth on solid effluent-based-medium was examined and evaluated by measuring the colony diameter in cm. T. trogii was completely inhibited on 100:0 and 80:20 effluent:water solid medium, however, colony diameter reached 5 cm on 60:40 effluent:water solid medium after 13-14 days incubation. When the textile effluent was pre-treated with laccase and laccase-acetosyringone system, the colony diameter of 2 cm of T. trogii on 80:20 effluent:water solid medium was reached after 14 and 10 days of incubation respectively.

Decolourization of textile effluent by a thermophilic bacteria Anoxybacillus rupiensis

Release of coloured textile effluents is undesirable in the aquatic environment as they reduce light penetration, thereby affecting aquatic life and limits utilization of the water media. Microbial remediation is an alternative treatment option available other than the commonly employed physico-chemical methods to treat these toxic effluents. This study investigated the potential of Anoxybacillus rupiensis , a thermophilic bacteria isolated from hot water springs of Maharashtra state of India to decolourize local textile effluent. The results showed 75% decolourization through degradation at 60 o C in eight days proving the thermophilic isolate as a potential candidate for decolourizing the textile effluent.

Application of enzymes for textile fibres processing

This review highlights the use of enzymes in the textile industry, covering both current commercial processes and research in this field. Amylases have been used for desizing since the middle of the last century. Enzymes used in detergent formulations have also been successfully used over the past 40 years. The application of cellulases for denim finishing and laccases for decolourization of textile effluents and textile bleaching are the most recent commercial advances. New developments rely on the modification of natural and synthetic fibres. Advances in enzymology, molecular biology and screening techniques provide possibilities for the development of new enzyme-based processes for a more environmentally friendly approach in the textile industry.

Laccase immobilization on enzymatically functionalized polyamide 6,6 fibres

Polyamide matrices, such as membranes, gels and non-wovens, have been applied as supports for enzyme immobilization, although in literature the enzyme immobilization on woven nylon matrices is rarely reported. In this work, a protocol for a Trametes hirsuta laccase immobilization using woven polyamide 6,6 (nylon) was developed. A 2 4 full factorial design was used to study the influence of pH, spacer (1,6-hexanediamine), enzyme and crosslinker concentration on the efficiency of immobilization. The factors enzyme dosage and spacer seem to have played a critical role in the immobilization of laccase onto nylon support. Under optimized working conditions (29 U mL −1 of laccase, 10% of glutaraldehyde, pH = 5.5, with the presence of the spacer), the half-life time attained was about 78 h (18% higher than that of free enzyme), the protein retention was 30% and the immobilization yield was 2%. The immobilized laccase has potential for application in the continuous decolourization of textile effluents, where it can be applied into a membrane reactor.