Decline In Sex Research Articles

Declines in Pregnancies among U.S. Adolescents from 2007 to 2017: Behavioral Contributors to the Trend

Adolescent pregnancies and births in the United States have undergone dramatic declines in recent decades. We aimed to estimate the contribution of changes in 3 proximal behaviors to these declines among 14- to 18-year-olds for 2007-2017: 1) delays in age at first sexual intercourse, 2) declines in number of sexual partners, and 3) changes in contraceptive use, particularly uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). We adapted an existing iterative dynamic population model and parameterized it using 6 waves of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We compared pregnancies from observed behavioral trends with counterfactual scenarios that assumed constant behaviors over the decade. We calculated outcomes by cause, year, and age. We found that changes in these behaviors could explain pregnancy reductions of 496,200, 78,500, and 40,700 over the decade, respectively, with total medical and societal cost savings of $9.71 billion, $1.54 billion, and $796 million. LARC adoption, particularly among 18-year-olds, could explain much of the improvement from contraception use. The 3 factors together did not fully explain observed birth declines; adding a 50% decline in sex acts per partner did. Delays in first sexual intercourse contributed the most to declining births over this decade, although all behaviors considered had major effects. Differences from earlier models could result from differences in years and ages covered. Evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention programs, including comprehensive sex education, youth-friendly reproductive health services, and parental and community support, can continue to address these drivers and reduce teen pregnancy.

The Effects of Addiction on Children and Women: A Qualitative Study

Background Substance abuse is regarded as a principle issue in the world which causes numerous devastating challenges for family members of the abuser. This study explores how family head addiction affects women’s and children’s lives. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis study that was conducted in 2018 in Gorgan city, Iran. Using a qualitative study design and purposive sampling, 36 participants (11 children including 5 boys and 6 girls who had substance-dependent fathers, 15 women whose husbands were involved in substance abuse, 10 service and healthcare providers) were subjected to a semi structured, in-depth individual interview. A conventional content analysis approach using the Granheim method was employed to analyze the data. Results: Results are divided into four main categories: 1) Psychological and physical disadvantages included three subcategories of family psychological breakdown, Family deprivation in terms of emotional, physical health concern, 2) Social isolators consisted of three subcategories of disadvantaged social status, family violating norms, and addiction as a family phenomenon, 3) Disrupted family included three subcategories of decline in sex, Rule of doubt in the family and marital conflicts, and 4) Economic constraint consisted of the family deprivation financially and addiction in contrast to welfare. Conclusion Given that children and women in these families have problems in various aspects, our results emphasize the importance of comprehensive interventions by therapists, healthcare providers, to maximize behavioral adaptation in children and women that live with family head substance abuser.

Knowledge and attitude of men towards sex determination and PCPNDT act in the field practice area of a medical college in coastal Karnataka

Background: Usage of modern sophisticated diagnostic techniques for sex determination and preconception sex selection has been attributed to sex selective abortions and thus, may be a major contributor in decline of sex ratio.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst married male patients attending OPDs of Rural Health Centres of K S Hegde Medical Academy over a period of 3 months (July 2016–September 2016) using a semi-structured and validated questionnaire which contained information on demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of married men towards sex determination and PCPNDT act. Sample size: 200. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.Results: Among 200 married men, about 62% of the illiterate knew about sex determination, whereas awareness among college passed out and graduates were 95% and 85% respectively. Awareness about PCPNDT act was 42% in graduates whereas none of the illiterates were aware and 60% of the subject thought sex determination should be punishable. 45% of them did not have any gender preference.Conclusions: This study shows that the knowledge and attitude of participants was better with a higher educational status. Thus, the illiterate part of society needs more awareness about the sex determination and PCPNDT act.

Female lichen sclerosus genitalis: discomfort and adaptation.

Female genitalis lichen sclerosus (FGLS) occurs on skin and mucous membranes and shows inflammatory lesions, chronic atrophic, itching and pain. These physical damages produce a decline in sex and a resulting relational couple discomfort. We describe the discomfort and the relationship between physical and psychological damage. A random sample, between 35-55 years (average 44.55, SD 6.00) includes 2 groups of 55 subjects: - the first with LSAG diagnosis since 24 months - the latter with controls. We evaluated personality by the MMPI-2, discomfort by short SF-36, couple relationship by ISS, coping by Cope and resilience by CR-RISC scales. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 14 version. P-values <0.05, 95% confidence limits, t, F, W and P tests and two by two table, compare two rates and Cohort/RTC were employed. Discomfort makes same personality factors changed. 50 FGLS recorded higher scores than 50 controls in MMIP-2, ISS and CD-RISC scales, lower in ISF-36 and COPE scale. Statistical tests show a valid significance (p<0.00001), a 94.3% of exposed with outcome, an etiological fraction in exposed of 96,15% and a 26 risk / prevalence ratio. The psychological distress arises as a result of somatic damage and reduces expression and thought of self. Lesion and pain produce depression, anxiety, negative emotionality and decline of sex. High values of t, F and W tests indicate a good validity of results. The psychological distress grows from somatic damages and, in progressive way, it reduce expressions and thoughts of ego in increasingly tight limits: through successive stages, it involves social relations, couple relationships and individual identity.

Combined effects of parental and active smoking on early lung function deficits: a prospective study from birth to age 26 years

BackgroundCross-sectional reports have suggested that, among active smokers, previous exposure to parental smoking may increase susceptibility to development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We assessed prospectively whether parental smoking enhances...

Hearts, groins and the intricacies of gay male open relationships: Sexual desire and liberation revisited

An extensive look at the narratives of 14 gay men in open relationships living in Amsterdam presents a world of gay male sexual desire that continues to leave the heterosexual counterpart dumbfounded. This article focuses on the five main points deducted from the informants' erotic retellings: the variety and unpredictability of arrangements between each couple; the preference for a more intimate connection with outside encounters instead of an impersonal or anonymous encounter; the decline of sex as a non-factor for choosing to open up sexual barriers as informants confess to non-monogamy in the beginnings of their relationships; the common perception that there exists a natural male drive to sexually explore with multiple partners; and finally, the complexities that come with open arrangements, forcing a re-examination of the open gay couple as the embodiment of ‘liberation’.

Point: a call for proper usage of “gender” and “sex” in biomedical publications

the term “gender” became popular among sociologists, psychologists, and sex researchers in the 1970s as a means to differentiate biological differences between men and women (sex differences) and differences due to socialization experiences (gender differences), or the act of having sex (e.g., [

Sexual functioning throughout menopause

Previous studies on menopausal transition and sexual functioning have mixed findings. Most are cross-sectional, exclude hormone therapy users and hysterectomized women, and are unable to separate the effects of age from menopause or account for psychosocial, vasomotor, and somatic factors. We examine relationships between women's reports of a change in sex life and difficulties with intercourse and their experience of menopausal transition, use of hormone therapy, and hysterectomy. A British cohort study with 1,525 women were followed since their birth in 1946 and annually from age 47 to 54 years. The outcome measures were self-reported change in sex life and difficulties with sexual intercourse over 8 consecutive years. Compared with women who remained premenopausal, peri- and postmenopausal women reported a decline in sex life (mean difference [95% CI]: perimenopausal, -0.1 [-0.2 to -0.03]; became postmenopausal, -0.1 [-0.2 to -0.1]) and were more likely to report difficulties with intercourse (perimenopausal, 0.6 [0.1 to 1.1]; postmenopausal, 1.0 [0.5 to 1.5]) beyond the effects of aging and other psychosomatic factors. Women reported difficulties with intercourse more often if they had been on hormone therapy for more than a year (0.5 [0.03 to 1.0]) or if they had undergone a hysterectomy (0.6 [0.1 to 1.1]); no differences were found for change in sex life. For both outcomes, vaginal dryness was the major risk factor. Married women were also more likely to report adverse outcomes. Somatic symptoms and hot flushes/cold sweats were associated with difficulties with intercourse, whereas psychological symptoms, stressful lives, increasing age, and smoking were associated with a decline in sex life. Menopausal transition status had an independent effect on the reported change in sex life and difficulties with intercourse. The results support health professionals in their development of management strategies that (a) consider treatments directly for vaginal dryness, (b) identify somatic symptoms for difficulties with intercourse, (c) investigate psychological factors for a reported decline in sex life, and (d) for both outcomes, consider the potential role of intimate partners.

The inexorable rise of gender and the decline of sex: social change in academic titles, 1945-2001.

More than 30 million titles of "academic" articles, from the years 1945-2001, were surveyed for occurrences of the words sex and gender. At the beginning of this period, uses of gender were much rarer than uses of sex, and often used in the sense of a grammatical category. By the end of this period, uses of gender outnumbered uses of sex in the social sciences, arts, and humanities. Within the natural sciences, there was now more than 1 use of gender for every 2 uses of sex. The beginnings of this change in usage can be traced to Money's introduction of the concept of "gender role" in 1955 (J. Money, 1955). However, the major expansion in the use of gender followed its adoption by feminists to distinguish the social and cultural aspects of differences between men and women (gender) from biological differences (sex). Since then, the use of gender has tended to expand to encompass the biological, and a sex/gender distinction is now only fitfully observed.