Decisions In Conditions Of Uncertainty Research Articles

Research of microprocessor device and software for remote control of a robotic system

The modern stage of the development of intelligent robotic systems is characterized by the expansion of fields of application, which is due to autonomous work and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The object of research is the system of remote control of robotic systems. During the remote control of robotic systems, problems arise that are associated with the use of wireless communication in real time. The article analyzes software and hardware implementations of various remote control systems suitable for use as part of autonomous robotic systems and analyzes promising microcontroller platforms for implementing a remote control device for a robotic system. A brief review of existing protocols for transmitting control signals using radio communication equipment and microprocessor platforms for the development of embedded systems is performed, among which a solution is selected for research. Several approaches to the control of a robotic system are highlighted – control using a wired connection and corresponding protocols, control via wireless communication or via the Internet, control via general-purpose network protocols. The target platform is chosen and justified, and the S.BUS protocol is analyzed with the provision of an algorithm for obtaining the values of the control channels from the S.BUS package. The structure and algorithm of functioning of the microprocessor remote control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the FreeRTOS OS are given. A study of the operation process of the proposed remote control system is carried out, for which it is placed on the chassis of a ground autonomous robotic system with four-wheel drive, and the delay time of the control signal from the receiver to the engine control modules is determined. According to the conducted analysis, the expediency of using specialized radio communication equipment with the S.BUS protocol for controlling executive devices as part of a robotic system, for precise movement control in real time, is shown.

The professional judgment of an accountant as a tool for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise

The article discusses the role of professional judgment of an accountant in ensuring the economic security of an enterprise. Professional judgment of an accountant is defined as the ability to make informed decisions in conditions of uncertainty, using knowledge, experience, and professional standards. Economic security of an enterprise is the state in which the enterprise can withstand internal and external threats that may lead to losses or a loss of its competitiveness.
 It is argued that professional judgment is an important tool that enables an accountant to identify and assess threats to the economic security of the enterprise, develop measures to prevent and mitigate these threats, and monitor the implementation of measures to ensure economic security. It is established that the formation of professional judgment of an accountant takes place during their professional activities and includes the following stages: accumulation of knowledge and skills, development of critical thinking, and gaining experience in non-standard situations. Ways to improve the quality of professional judgment of an accountant are proposed, including the development of methods for assessing the professional judgment of an accountant and programs to enhance the professional judgment of accountants.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY COGNITIVE MAP MODEL FOR CREATING STEM PROJECTS IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN ENGINEERING AND PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES

The article examines the issues of STEM education development in the context of the strategy for the development of higher education in Ukraine for 2022-2032. In particular, the emphasis is on the importance of reorienting the educational process to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties with practical skills and up-to-date knowledge. It is necessary to strategically rethink educational approaches, giving priority to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties who possess not only theoretical knowledge, but also specific practical skills that meet the requirements of the labor market. Special attention is paid to STEM education, which is defined as a key tool in the formation of competencies for future specialists in the field of engineering and pedagogy. This approach involves not only the transfer of theoretical knowledge, but also emphasizes practical aspects, contributing to the development of specific skills and abilities that are necessary in practice. Dedication to STEM education in the context of engineering and pedagogical fields allows future specialists to be ready for the challenges and tasks presented to them by modern labor markets, and to meet the current requirements and standards in these fields. The technical orientation of STEM projects contributes to the implementation of practical tasks and the formation of skills in demand on the labor market. The purpose of the article is to present the algorithm for building a lighting control system prototype using the example of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library”. For building a logical model, to justify the structure of the system, the NCC is used. The development of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library” is presented, which involves the creation of a fuzzy cognitive map in the Mental Modeler environment. An algorithm for building a logical model for a STEM project under conditions of uncertainty has been developed and described. The basis of the built model is a cognitive map. A cognitive map is a symbolic directed graph, at the vertices of which the key factors of the object of modeling (concepts) connected by cause-and-effect relationships are placed. A cognitive map is a type of mathematical modeling used to formalize a complex system in the form of a set of concepts that reflect system factors and causal relationships between them, taking into account the nature of their interaction. Based on the analysis of the logical model of the system, it was determined that for each concept it is necessary to set the level of communication on the visual form of the Mental Modeler map, which allows you to set the level of assessment of its dependence. The paper presents a logical model on the example of a prototype of a computer lighting control system in a library using fuzzy logical derivation. Fuzzy cognitive maps were used to justify the structure of the management system. The sequence of building a prototype of the lighting control system in the library and the analysis of the parameters of such a system can be used by students of engineering and pedagogical specialties for the educational purpose of building various STEM projects. Cognitive modeling methodology is used for analysis and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. It is developing in the direction of improving the situation analysis and modeling apparatus. Therefore, to implement a STEM project in ill-defined situations, it is advisable to build a logical model. It defines the structure of the modeled system. The basis for building this model is a fuzzy cognitive map.

Economic evaluation in collaborative hospital drug evaluation reports

ObjectiveEconomic evaluation is a fundamental criterion when deciding a drug’s place in therapy. The MADRE method (Method for Assistance in making Decisions and Writing Drug Evaluation Reports) is widely used for drug evaluation. This method was developed by the GENESIS group of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH), including economic evaluation. We intend to improve the economic aspects of this method. As for the direction to take, we have to first analyze our previous experiences with the current methodology and propose necessary improvements. MethodEconomic evaluation sections in collaboratively conducted drug evaluation reports (as the scientific society, SEFH) with the MADRE method were reviewed retrospectively. ResultsThirty-two reports were reviewed, 87.5% of them included an economic evaluation conducted by authors and 65.6% contained published economic evaluations. In 90.6% of the reports, a Budget impact analysis was conducted. The cost per life year gained or per Quality Adjusted Life Year gained was present in 14 reports. Twenty-three reports received public comments regarding the need to improve the economic aspect. Main difficulties: low quality evidence in the target population, no comparative studies with a relevant comparator, non-final outcomes evaluated, no quality of life data, no fixed drug price available, dosing uncertainty, and different prices for the same drug. ConclusionsProposed improvements: incorporating different forms of aid for non-drug costs, survival estimation and adapting published economic evaluations; establishing criteria for drug price selection, decision-making in conditions of uncertainty and poor quality evidence, dose calculation and cost-effectiveness thresholds depending on different situations.

On Solving Stochastic Optimization Problems

Many optimization mathematical models, associated with the technical-economic processes of real-world problems, have elements of uncertainty in their structure, which places them in stochastic optimization programming. Their diversity and complexity, due to the large uncertainty space, require special methods of solving, because there is no general solution method. Within this context, in this paper we consider the category of optimization models that can contain random variable type coefficients and/or imposed probability levels on the constraints. The purpose of the paper is to propose a methodology dedicated to these studied models. Applying the methodology leads to developing a deterministic linear programming model, associated with the initial stochastic model. In fact, the proposed methodology reduces the stochastic formulation to a deterministic formulation. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical case study based on a manufacturing problem. Solving the obtained deterministic model is carried out in the version assisted by a specialized software product (WinQSB Version 2.0). It allows for the performing of a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution, and/or a parametric analysis relative to certain model coefficients, both also presented in the paper. The main result of the study in this paper is the proposed methodology, which is applicable on a large scale, for any mathematical model of stochastic optimization of the mentioned type, regardless of complexity, dimensions and the domain of the process to which it is associated. The numerical results obtained when applying this methodology indicate its efficiency and effectiveness in finding the solution for the studied models. The approach to this issue in the present paper is determined by the wide range of stochastic optimization problems in the various studied real-life processes and by the imperative need to adopt the best decisions in conditions of uncertainty.

Public administrative activity in the conditions of contemporary uncertainty: information and communication aspect

Problem setting. One of the main problems of modern times is the existing huge information flow and the lack of correct, true, and timely information, which causes uncertainty in the process of making management decisions. Such a situation can lead to the inefficiency of public management activities in the conditions of modern uncertainty, a decrease in the level of public support and a decrease in trust in power structures. In the conditions of modern uncertainty, the social significance of management activities and the responsible attitude of all social subjects to their official and public duties are growing. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The analysis of the latest research in the field of public administration shows the significant attention of the scientific community to the issue of establishing effective communicative interaction in conditions of uncertainty, which is associated with the emergence of various types of crisis situations. However, these issues require further in-depth study in the conditions of acute challenges and threats of war and new approaches to public management activity, in particular its information and communication aspect. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency of the development of the information and communication aspect of public management activities to obtain a balanced and adapted management decision in the conditions of modern uncertainties. Paper main body. In the conditions of modern challenges and threats, public management activity is accompanied by uncertainty in its various manifestations, as well as non-standard, high dynamism and multi-criteria when making management decisions. The expediency of the development of the information and communication aspect of public management activity with the aim of obtaining a balanced and adapted management decision in the conditions of modern uncertainties is substantiated. A feature of modern challenges and threats that generate uncertainty and erroneous management decisions is unreliability of information, direct misinformation, and ignorance of how to behave in existing situations. In conditions of uncertainty, established communication links and information flows are disrupted, and new circumstances require information that is relevant in terms of content, effectiveness, and volume. The changes caused by the war also affected media consumption in Ukrainian society. Compared to the pre-war period, its structure has changed, social networks have become the most popular source of information. The main methods of disinformation used in war are fakes, propaganda, manipulation, incomplete information, bots. It has been established that in the conditions of modern uncertainty, the social significance of management activities and the responsible attitude of all social subjects to their official and public duties are growing. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the need for protection of power structures, officials and citizens in the information and communication space grew even more. It is about both cyber protection and resistance to disinformation influences. The key skills everyone needs in wartime are the ability to build their own digital defenses, maintain emotional and psychological resilience, and critically perceive information. It is argued that in the conditions of war there is a need to increase the level of information hygiene and media literacy of the society in order to develop its own culture of safe information consumption. Conclusions of the research. Russia’s massive invasion of Ukraine accelerated the recognition of the need to integrate media literacy into the national security system, both by key actors of public-management activities and non-state sectors. This requires the development of practical integration mechanisms both at the level of projects and at the level of the regulatory and legal framework. Media literacy should remain part of the security policy in the post-war period as well. It should contribute to the growth of cognitive stability of society, and therefore requires a new integration approach – a combination of media, digital, psychological literacy, and info-hygiene with the aim of forming an appropriate adaptive zone of information and communication comfort. Making management decisions in conditions of uncertainty will depend on the correctness and clarity of the establishment of effective information and communication interaction by the subjects of public management activity.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY SET METHODS FOR MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

The possibility of forecasting the results of management decision-making using the methods of linguistic vector evaluations, fuzzy logical conclusion, fuzzy relation of preferences, maximin convolution is considered. The method of applying the methods of linguistic vector evaluations, fuzzy logical conclusion, fuzzy relation of advantages, maximum convolution evaluation of possible values of management decisions in conditions of uncertainty (crisis). It was determined that the application of this method, with a simpler mathematical apparatus, allows to evaluate the possible variants of the values of management decisions with quality input parameters in crisis conditions. The technology of applying the maximin convolution method, the method of fuzzy preference ratio was studied, and a comparison of the method of fuzzy logical inference and linguistic vector estimates was made. The main advantages of using each of the above methods in making management decisions have been revealed. Disadvantages (limitations) regarding the use of the specified methods are identified.

Adaptive learning in containment measures: evaluation of policy interventions during the 2020 waves of Covid-19 in Italy

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic hit Italy very harshly in two waves, the first in spring 2020 and the second between the autumn and the winter of the same year. Data show some major differences between the two phases; in particular, the first wave caused fewer infections but had a higher fatality rate. These pandemic evolutions, together with modified social conditions, called for a rapid adaptation of containment measures, i.e. stricter and homogeneous in the first wave, flexible and diversified in the second wave. The interrupted time series analysis applied to daily data on new cases yields positive results for both interventions in flattening the infection curve. The policies achieved almost the same percentage of positive cases avoided in the two waves. Adaptive and diversified policies based on learning from previous results seem to be suitable for this kind of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty.

Information support of project activities under risk and uncertainty

Subject. This article deals with the issues of information support of project management accounting. Objectives. The article aims to form information support for project management accounting, which helps apply effective management decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, basis of accounting, and the questionnaire method. Results. The article offers the author-developed definition of the concept of Project, an algorithm for accounting support of project activities by block, as well as an approach to the preparation of project management reporting in two areas, namely, cash flow and debt accrual. To solve the problem of eliminating the impact of uncertainty and risk on the implementation of the project, the article proposes an approach to accounting and reporting support, which consists in differentiating tools by phase of the project cycle. Conclusions. The article concludes that it is necessary to form information support on the basis of the conceptual foundations of project management, basic accounting provisions, and the information requests of users with the project ring-fencing.

Modeling of the error determination in accepting financial decisions in conditions of uncertainty

The article presents the modeling mechanism of the error determination when making financial decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk. Researched modeling is based on using the assessing of the diagnosed level of enterprises' economic security with help of mathematical description and calculations of probability transitions matrix and using the research method, the method of direct and reverse interpolation, averaging, statistical and index method, root mean square error method, simulation modeling, probability theory method, matrix method, etc. It has been studied that the most difficult is the process of modeling financial decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, since due to various types of risk there is a high threat of insufficiency or inaccuracy of information that distorts technical calculations, the indicator of which is real financial costs and timely detection of permissible and unacceptable deviations of parameters.

Reduction of transaction costs in the process of business informatization

The purpose of the article is to analyze the change of transaction costs in the context of business informatization. Business informatization is accompanied by the speed of information exchange and an increase in the volume of processed information. This changes the transaction costs associated with the information search, storage, transfer, and protection. The methodology of finding ways to reduce transaction costs includes several steps. First, it is necessary to classify the transaction costs that an organization faces. Second, to analyze the level of informatization of business. Third, to analyze the impact of information technologies on the performance of the company. Fourth, it is necessary to track the relationship between transaction costs and the level of business informatization. The use of this method has led to the following conclusions. Increasing the volume of processed information makes it urgent to use information technologies. The use of information technology allows to optimize information flows within and outside your organization. In addition, the introduction of information systems in the activities of organizations increases the reliability of information used for management decision-making. Increasing the level of reliability of information, in turn, reduces the transaction costs of the company, reducing the probability of errors and risks in the management of the organization. The results of the study make it possible to draw the following conclusions. The introduction of modern information technologies in the activities of organizations leads to reduced transaction costs due to increased reliability of the information database, as well as due to increased transparency of information flows of the organization. This allows to optimize the process of making management decisions in conditions of uncertainty, reduce the cost of doing business and eventually increase the efficiency of the organization.

The leader’s reputation as an indicator of organizational performance

The leader’s reputation is an integral part of the organization’s success and affects the company’s perception by various stakeholders in a competitive economic environment. The leader’s reputation is formed through the actions and decisions of the leadership, considering different managerial approaches. The article studies the urgent problem of forming and managing the leader’s reputation in modern economic instability and increased market competition. The authors analyze various elements that define the leader’s reputation, such as his professional ethics, ability to make decisions in conditions of uncertainty, ability to create a motivating environment for employees, etc. The study focuses on the relationship between the leader’s reputation and the organization’s success, where the leader’s reputation is an essential factor influencing the company’s perception. Also, the paper notes that managing the leader’s reputation becomes a necessary element of strategy in a highly competitive environment, where every aspect of interaction with stakeholders can determine the success or failure of the enterprise. The article considers management components of the leader’s reputation and common mistakes in forming a favorable leader’s reputation. The authors proposed a comprehensive study of the role of the leader’s reputation in the modern economic environment. They provided practical recommendations for managing reputation to achieve organizational success and stability. The article analyzes the influence of the leader’s reputation on some organizational components that form the enterprise’s efficiency. The paper provides aspects of the leader’s reputation directly affecting the organization’s effectiveness. The article emphasizes the importance of responsibility and the attentive attitude of the leader to the positive reputation formation of an organization and its perception as an indicator of successful management and development.

Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of Commercial Banks in Russia Based on a Multidimensional Analysis of Financial Indicators

Banks occupy a central place in the modern global economy. Their stability is an indicator of the state of the country's economy as a whole, which has been repeatedly confirmed by the history of financial crises. The trend and intensity of global digitalization are radically changing the architecture of markets, which requires the development of new theories, methodologies, the search for new management technologies for immediate response to all kinds of challenges and for making informed decisions based on a comprehensive system assessment. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative probabilistic assessment of the performance of banks based on the generation of a random multidimensional value of financial indicators. The hypothesis of the study is that probabilistic multidimensional comparative evaluation models will eliminate subjectivism, increase the efficiency and reliability of the raw data base for generating management decisions. The authors have developed a new methodology for comparative evaluation of banks using multidimensional probabilistic analysis. The main problems of managerial decision-making in conditions of uncertainty are identified, taking into account the presence of an anthropogenic factor in the system, the stages of formation of a training sample of commercial banks are described, a list of statistically significant financial indicators is selected, a mathematical problem is formulated, a methodology and mathematical tools for analyzing multidimensional indicators are defined. Using a practical example for 2015-2020, a training sample of banks was formed, divided into two clusters, the coefficients of the equation of the separating hyperplane were determined, a multidimensional random variable was generated, the probability of banks being assigned to one of the clusters was calculated. The results of the calculations showed that only some banks managed to keep their place in the "positive" cluster and the units showed a positive increase in probability. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the increment of knowledge on the development of a methodology for multidimensional probabilistic assessment of the position of banks in the training sample. The basis of this methodology can be extended to related spheres of economic life of society, to form the basis of automation models for assessing the financial condition of the subject, finding solutions to optimization problems and developing management solutions.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ЩОДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗАГАЛЬНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

The war has changed the environment of the service and combat activities of the officers in the National Guard of Ukraine. Today, military units perform functions of the National Guard of Ukraine that are atypical for peacetime, including participation in the implementation of the legal regime of martial law and involvement in territorial defense tasks. The new conditions of this environment include: an increase in the average age of subordinate personnel, which often exceeds the age of graduates from higher military educational institutions; the necessity to make quick decisions in conditions of uncertainty; increased responsibility for the lives and health of subordinate personnel, and more. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis of the impact of new conditions in the service and combat environment on the satisfaction of graduates from higher military educational institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine with the general competencies they have acquired. The object of the research is the results of the service and combat activities of units in the National Guard of Ukraine, which depend on the competencies of their leaders. The following research methods were used to test the hypothesis: survey, analysis, and synthesis. The survey of graduates from higher military educational institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine was conducted remotely using questionnaires created in Google Forms in April-May 2023. According to the survey results, it was found that less than one-third of the graduates are satisfied with their acquired Soft Skills, which significantly differs from similar surveys conducted during their assessment in the higher military educational institution. The analyzed survey results confirmed the hypothesis, and its synthesis resulted in the formulation of proposals for further research dedicated to determining the pedagogical conditions for the formation of general competencies of future officers in the National Guard of Ukraine in the process of professional training.

Застосування методу Case Study при викладанні клінічних дисциплін за умов дистанційного навчання

The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of using the Case study method in teaching clinical disciplines to students of a medical university, its advantages, problems and the value of using it in an online format. Results and discussion. Studying in medical higher education institutions has always been quite challenging and requires the involvement of various student reserves. The COVID-19 pandemic and martial law in Ukraine has brought many changes to the life of society in general and the educational process in particular. Medical students lost the opportunity to gain clinical experience, as the entire educational process was transferred to an online format. The Case study method in teaching clinical disciplines has become extremely effective in this situation. The Case study method or method of situational exercises makes it possible to bring the learning process closer to the real practical activities of specialists. The Case study method is based on the concept of developing mental abilities. The essence of the method is the use of specific cases (clinical situations, disease histories, the texts of which are called “cases”) for joint analysis, discussion or decision-making by students from a certain section of training in the discipline “Internal Medicine” or “Surgery”. The value of the Case study method lies in the fact that it simultaneously reflects not only a practical problem, but also actualizes a certain set of knowledge that must be mastered when solving this problem, and also successfully combines educational and analytical activities. The educational tasks of the Case study method consist in acquiring the skills of using theoretical material to analyze practical problems; in the formation of skills for assessing the situation, choosing and organizing the search for basic information for formulating a clinical diagnosis; in the development of the ability to formulate questions and requests; in the development of skills to develop multivariate approaches to the implementation of an action plan for diagnosis and treatment; in the formation of the ability to independently make decisions in conditions of uncertainty; forecasting ways of development of clinical situations. For the effective use of the Case study method, it is necessary to create special conditions: ensuring a sufficiently high complexity of the clinical problem that students need to solve; creation by the teacher of a logical series of questions that motivate students to search for the truth; creation of an atmosphere of psychological comfort in the classroom, which should facilitate students' free expression of their thoughts without fear of making mistakes; devoting special time to thinking about ways to solve the problem. A student who is preparing to discuss a case in the classroom must study the facts, draw conclusions from these facts, evaluate alternatives for actions in a given situation and make a choice in favor of one or another plan of action. Conclusion. Changes in life in the modern world also require changes in the purpose of modern education. The value of the Case study method is that it simultaneously reflects not only a practical problem, but also actualizes a certain set of knowledge that must be mastered when solving this problem

DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELS OF THE PROCESS OF REMOTE SURVEYING OF EMERGENCY BUILDINGS USING UAVS

Purpose. The adoption of organizational and technological solutions for the elimination of the consequences of accidental destruction of buildings due to overtime effects due to military actions is based on the prompt receipt of information about the technical condition of the object, since the performance of priority emergency and rescue work immediately after a disaster or accident, when there is a threat to human life, requires the rapid adoption of such decisions in conditions of uncertainty regarding the prevention of secondary destruction. It is possible to minimize the duration of the decision-making process under conditions of uncertainty by optimizing the technology of obtaining information, that is, the survey process using automated remotely controlled aircraft in combination with building information modeling of the process of obtaining and processing information about the technical condition of the object. Methodology. Analysis and consideration of factors affecting the bearing capacity and organizational and technological features of the process of loss of strength of concrete and reinforced concrete building elements in case of detonation of an open charge on their surface, depending on the growth and fusion of microcracks under the influence of applied stresses for the compilation of an information model of dynamic destruction. The results. Based on the results of the analysis of the process of remote inspection of buildings damaged as a result of military operations using unmanned aerial vehicles, the authors developed a method of building information modeling of partial destruction of large-panel buildings due to extra-design influences. The stages of construction of the information model of the object are given. Findings. Based on the results of the analysis of the process of remote inspection of buildings damaged as a result of military operations using unmanned aerial vehicles, the authors developed a method of building information modeling of partial destruction of large-panel buildings due to extra-design influences. The stages of construction of the information model of the object are given. Originality. For the first time, a method of building information modeling of partial destruction of large-panel buildings due to extra-project influences has been developed to optimize organizational and technological solutions for strengthening structures in the centers of such destruction for the possibility of emergency rescue operations. Practical value. It consists in minimizing the duration of the decision-making process in conditions of uncertainty and the risk of ineffective decision-making in conditions of insufficient information about the object damaged as a result of extra-project impact of man-made nature.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES IN UKRAINE

The unsatisfactory condition of the housing stock, high level of depreciation of engineering networks and equipment, inefficient management structure determine the need to modernize the sector and improve the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine. Objective of the article is to conduct a study of the need to improve the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine and to develop a methodological basis for the study of the quality of housing and communal services. Research Methods: application of the methodological approach to measuring the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine using the analytical method. It was found that the housing stock and functioning communal infrastructure have significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence has a negative impact on the quality of housing and communal services provided to the population for consumption. The most significant factors are identified and the degree of their impact on the development potential of the sphere of housing and communal services is determined. The necessity of accounting of the indicated factors at development of economical and mathematical models allowing institutional agents of housing and communal services sphere to take optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and stimulating them for improvement of quality of produced housing and communal services has been grounded.

Administrative Decision-Making Under Conditions of Uncertainty

Abstract. Introduction. Enterprises of Ukraine today are at a new stage of development, which is determined both by pandemic events and changes of a political, financial and global nature, which significantly complicates the management decisionmaking. It is clear that making a management decision is an important stage in the company's activity. Usually, a decision is made as one of many alternatives that are mutually exclusive. It is believed that the decision that allows to obtain the maximum profit is rational. However, today, this is not quite the case. The effective functioning of the economic system as a whole and its individual subjects is determined by a certain level of uncertainty. It is impossible to thoroughly study its behavior without considering this level. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the concepts of uncertainty, clarify the levels of uncertainty and determine the features of management decision-making at certain stages of uncertainty in modern dynamic conditions. Results. Management decision-making in conditions of uncertainty is a process that results in the selection of an alternative based on the complex interaction of analysis, forecasting, optimization, economic justification, etc., which occurs in conditions of complete or partial lack of information. The article updates issues related to the functioning of enterprises in conditions of risk and uncertainty. A brief analysis of the crisis situation in which our country and the world found itself was conducted, it was compared with other similar situations, and the main consequences of this situation were outlined. Questions are raised regarding the problems of identification and timely assessment of the level of uncertainty at which the company found itself, since its correct definition will allow effective decisions to be made for further development. The concept of uncertainty is studied, the reasons for its occurrence are analyzed. The main levels of uncertainty and their signs, which determine the peculiarities of decision-making at its individual stages in modern dynamic conditions, are outlined and clarified. An analysis of the features of management decision-making in crisis conditions was carried out. Directions of company behavior and decision-making at different levels of uncertainty are proposed. Conclusions. Underestimating the uncertainty factor leads to choosing a strategy that will not allow the company to protect itself from challenges and threats. After conducting the analysis, we note the dependence of the risk degree on the level of uncertainty. To help in choosing an alternative, it is advisable to use a modern mathematical apparatus. The effectiveness of management decision-making depends on the correct definition of the level and type of uncertainty.

Algorithms for Making Managerial Decisions in the Digital Economy

For solving the existing problems such as loss of sales and customer dissatisfaction, it is necessary to improve promptly the properties of manufactured products in accordance with the dynamically changing market demands. This requires the development of special methods and models for making managerial decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk. Such decisions could become an algorithm for artificial intelligence of digital technologies, which determines the relevance of the study. The subject of the study is choosing the most significant decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk. The goal is to find opportunities for making informed decisions for poorly structured, non-formalized processes when developing new product designs with characteristics that meet the rapidly changing needs of the business environment. The solution uses the method of prioritization with expert assessments, groupings, comparisons. The result of the research is the development of a priority setting model with the identification of existing shortcomings and the proposal of changes and additions that eliminate shortcomings in relation to the problem being solved. The author concluded: the developed model, when used in management decisions, allows us to determine the best functions of the product for their inclusion in the design of the innovative model; to make a rating of the significance of functional properties for the consumer and the manufacturer. The development of a methodology with the elimination of the shortcomings of previous studies is a scientific novelty. The obtained methodology contributes to maximizing the demand and competitiveness of the management model, operational innovative changes in the properties of the product corresponding to the rapidly changing demands of the competitive business environment and can be used in the formation of a knowledge base in neural networks of digital technologies. It solves the problem of responding to dynamic changes in consumer preferences, as well as introducing technological innovations in the production of goods, that entail changes in the company’s business processes focused on improving the quality of the final product, which determines the success of strategic business development. The companies’ management may apply the results of the research in the development of corporate governance strategies, researchers, university students, etc.

DEFINITION OF SYSTEM-WIDE DETERMINANTS OF THE DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN THE CONCEPTS OF COMPLIANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT

The article adapted and transformed an innovative scientific and analytical means of risk-controlling operational systems of construction contractors and multi-agent environments of construction projects based on the concept and methodological platform of compliance management, which allows early identification of BP risks and stakeholder activities and, taking them into account, to form a rational a version of the budget-resource and calendar program for the implementation of projects, subject to a compromise agreement of the economic interests of stakeholders and a rational distribution between them (compliance) of responsibility for the content, regulations, budget and consequences of anti-risk actions. A hierarchical model of quantitative risk assessment of anti-crisis management of a construction enterprise was built, which, with the help of the apparatus of fuzzy mathematics, makes it possible to assess risk factors and risks at each level of the hierarchy. The proposed model provides an opportunity to identify threats (risks of a catastrophic level), as well as the most significant risk factors based on the sensitivity analysis method, which is important for making managerial decisions in conditions of uncertainty. The conceptual principles of the management activity of the enterprise, taking into account its financial and economic condition, have gained further development, which differ from the current ones in that, in the absence of signs of a crisis, they provide for the functioning of the economic security system with its performance of risk management and anti-crisis management functions, and in crisis conditions - the introduction of anti-crisis management with the delegation of certain tasks and functions to the economic security service and the risk management unit in order to prevent the deterioration of the financial and economic situation and ensure the conditions for the effective implementation of anti-crisis measures.