Decision Tree Classification Algorithm Research Articles

Automated Student Result Analysis and Career Guidance System Using Robotic Process Automation and Decision Tree Classification

For this project, we created a cutting-edge Robotic Process Automation (RPA) system that would improve and expedite the examination of student performance data. The student result PDFs are effectively converted by the system into an Excel format that is specified, with each row representing a student's results. The system conducts a thorough study of the outcomes using a machine learning technique called the Decision Tree Classification Algorithm. This analysis indicates appropriate career options, like software development or system analysis, for each student. By automating the data entry for eighty pupils, this extensive process takes place concurrently with the PDF-to-Excel conversion, greatly increasing efficiency and saving teachers a great deal of time. Furthermore, the system offers tailored career counseling, supporting educators in counseling students on the best career options and empowering students. By automating the data entry for eighty pupils, this extensive process takes place concurrently with the PDF-to-Excel conversion, greatly increasing efficiency and saving teachers a great deal of time. The system also offers pupils individualized career counseling, which helps teachers counsel students on the best job options and empowers students to make better decisions about their futures. The project provides a solid solution for automated result analysis and career path advice, showcasing the usefulness of RPA and machine learning in educational contexts. Key Words: Robotic Process Automation ,Analysis, Machine Learning, Excel File, PDF File, Software Bot

CLASSIFICATION OF KAZAKH MUSIC GENRES USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

This article analysis a Kazakh Music dataset, which consists of 800 audio tracks equally distributed across 5 different genres. The purpose of this research is to classify music genres by using machine learning algorithms Decision Tree Classifier and Logistic regression. Before the classification, the given data was pre-processed, missing or irrelevant data was removed. The given dataset was analyzed using a correlation matrix and data visualization to identify patterns. To reduce the dimension of the original dataset, the PCA method was used while maintaining variance. Several key studies aimed at analyzing and developing machine learning models applied to the classification of musical genres are reviewed. Cumulative explained variance was also plotted, which showed the maximum proportion (90%) of discrete values ​​generated from multiple individual samples taken along the Gaussian curve. A comparison of the decision tree model to a logistic regression showed that for f1 Score Logistic regression produced the best result for classical music - 82%, Decision tree classification - 75%. For other genres, the harmonic mean between precision and recall for the logistic regression model is equal to zero, which means that this model completely fails to classify the genres Zazz, Kazakh Rock, Kazakh hip hop, Kazakh pop music. Using the Decision tree classifier algorithm, the Zazz and Kazakh pop music genres were not recognized, but Kazakh Rock with an accuracy and completeness of 33%. Overall, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 60% for the Decision Tree Classifier and 70% for the Logistic regression model on the training and validation sets. For uniform classification, the data were balanced and assessed using the cross-validation method. The approach used in this study may be useful in classifying different music genres based on audio data without relying on human listening.

The Impact of Device Type Number on IoT Device Classification

Today, connected systems are widely used with the recent developments in technology. The internet-connected devices create data traffic when communicating with each other. These data may contain extremely confidential information. Observers can obtain confidential information from the traffic when the security of this traffic cannot be adequately ensured. This confidential information can be personal information as well as information about the type of device used by the person. Attackers could use machine learning to analyze encrypted data traffic patterns from IoT devices to infer sensitive information, even without decrypting the actual content. For example, if someone uses IoT devices for health monitoring or smoke detection, attackers could leverage machine learning to discern victims' habits or identify health conditions. An increase in the number of IoT devices may decrease the accuracy of classification when using machine learning. This paper presents the importance of the effect of device type number on the classification of IoT devices. Therefore, inference attacks on privacy with machine learning algorithms, attacks on machine learning models, and the padding method that is commonly used against such attacks are presented. Moreover, experiments are carried out by using the dataset of the traffic generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For this purpose, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) classification algorithms are compared, and the accuracy rate changes according to the number of devices are presented. According to the results, the Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms are found to be more effective than the k-NN algorithm. When considering a scenario with two device types, the Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms achieved an accuracy rate of 98%, outperforming the k-NN algorithm, which had an accuracy rate of 95%.

Unveiling the Power: A Comparative Analysis of Data Mining Tools through Decision Tree Classification on the Bank Marketing Dataset

The importance of data mining is growing rapidly, so the comparison of data mining tools has become important. Data mining is the process of extracting valuable data from large data to meet the need to see relationships between data and to make predictions when necessary. This study delves into the dynamic realm of data mining, presenting a comprehensive comparison of prominent data mining tools through the lens of the decision tree algorithm. The research focuses on the application of these tools to the BankMarketing dataset, a rich repository of financial interactions. The objective is to unveil the efficacy and nuances of each tool in the context of predictive modelling, emphasizing key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Through meticulous experimentation and evaluation, this analysis sheds light on the distinct strengths and limitations of each data-mining tool, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the field. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of tool selection considerations and pave the way for enhanced decision-making in data mining applications. Classification is a data mining task that learns from a collection of data in order to accurately predict new cases. The dataset used in this study is the Bank Marketing dataset from the UCI machine-learning repository. The bank marketing dataset contains 45211 instances and 17 features. The bank marketing dataset is related to the direct marketing campaigns (phone calls) of a Portuguese banking institution and the classification objective is to predict whether customers will subscribe to a deposit (variable y) in a period of time. To make the classification, the machine learning technique can be used. In this study, the Decision Tree classification algorithm is used. Knime, Orange, Tanagra, Rapidminerve, Weka yield mining tools are used to analyse the classification algorithm.

Comparison of Iris dataset classification with Gaussian naïve Bayes and decision tree algorithms

In this study, we apply two classification algorithm methods, namely the Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB) and the decision tree (DT) classifiers. The Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier is a probability-based classification model that predicts future probabilities based on past experiences. Whereas the decision tree classifier is based on a decision tree, a series of tests that are performed adaptively where the previous test affects the next test. Both of these methods are simulated on the Iris dataset where the dataset consists of three types of Iris: setosa, virginica, and versicolor. The data is divided into two parts, namely training and testing data, in which there are several features as information on flower characteristics. Furthermore, to evaluate the performance of the algorithms on both methods and determine the best algorithm for the dataset, we evaluate it using several metrics on the training and testing data for each method. Some of these metrics are recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy where the higher the value, the better the algorithm's performance. The results show that the performance of the decision tree classifier algorithm is the most outperformed on the Iris dataset.

Comparison Of Naïve Bayes And Decision Trees In Determining The Best Manager Of Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School Based On Forward Selection

In an effort to find a solution for determining the best administrators, Islamic boarding school administrators try to determine the nominations for the best administrators using existing service data and knowledge. The process of determining nominations for the best administrators is less accurate, requiring computational methods to classify which administrators fall into the best category. In the context of data mining, classification is an important aspect. One of the classification models used is Naïve Bayes which focuses on class probability, and Decision Tree C4.5 which produces a decision tree to determine the priority of indicators that are most influential in predicting the best management. Both of these algorithms have their respective advantages. This research aims to analyze and compare the performance of the Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree classification algorithms. The comparative results of testing the Naïve Bayes and C4.5 algorithms in determining the nominations for the best administrators at the Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo Islamic Boarding School on 455 administrator data tested in this study show that there is a fairly large comparison of accuracy. Naïve Bayes with Forward Selection has an accuracy rate of 91.21%, higher than Naïve Bayes itself whose accuracy results are only 87.64%. there is a difference of 3.57%. Likewise, the accuracy of C4.5 with Forward Selection has an accuracy rate of 90.99%, higher than C4.5 alone which has an accuracy rate of 90.11%. there is a difference of 0.88%. So in the comparison between 4 algorithm model trials, Naïve Bayes and Forward Selection had the most dominant accuracy with an accuracy result of 91.21%.

Identifying the Learning Style of Students Using Machine Learning Techniques: An Approach of Felder Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM)

Identification of the learning style of the students in the teaching and learning environment plays a significant importance in improving both teaching and learning perspectives. The intension of the research was to investigate about applying the Machine Learning Techniques for identification of the Learning style of the students in online learning environment based on the Felder Silverman Learning Style (FSLSM) identification model. The significance of this experiment is that the proposed methodology considers the combination of access frequency (f) of course materials and total time (T) students spent on each course activity. For data collection process, it was designed reusable plugin for the Moodle for time tracking. Real-time dataset was prepared using three course modules designed according to the features of FSLSM model and the features for analyzing the students according to the FSLSM, it was selected seven criteria, and the features were validated using Pearson Correlation Coefficient method. These course modules were enrolled 150 students per each module. Once the data set was prepared, the data set was preprocessed and applied Five Supervised Classification Machine learning algorithms as Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. The models were evaluated using Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 values. Over the five algorithms the Decision Tree classifier algorithm performed with best average accuracy with 93.5% for Input, 86% for Perception, 89.5 for Processing and 94% for Understanding dimension. The models were validated using the K-fold Cross validation and Standard Deviation values. Mean Squared Error, Bias and Variance values were considered the evaluation of underfitting or overfitting context of the model. To parameter optimization, the Grid Search Methodology was applied to find the best combination of criterion for the model. Finally, an application was developed for Identifying the Learning Style of the Students using the designed Machine learning model. The Consistency of the ML Model based on the Decision Tree classifier algorithm were evaluated using the results generated through developed application and the results suggested that consistency for taught machine learning algorithms is often between 85% to 95%, which is an acceptable range. The results generated by the application for identification of the learning style suggested the combination of learning style for particular students sample as Global-Mild, Visual- Strong, Sensing- Moderate and Reflective-Strong. Identification of these combination of learning style assist for teachers by giving an insight which components of the learning contents should be improved in course designing process.

Machine learning, Water Quality Index, and GIS-based analysis of groundwater quality

Abstract Water is essential for life, as it supports bodily functions, nourishes crops, and maintains ecosystems. Drinking water is crucial for maintaining good health and can also contribute to economic development by reducing healthcare costs and improving productivity. In this study, we employed five different machine learning algorithms – logistic regression (LR), decision tree classifier (DTC), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) – to analyze the dataset, and their prediction performance were evaluated using four metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Physiochemical parameters of 30 groundwater samples were analyzed to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Pano Aqil city, Pakistan. The samples were categorized into the following four classes based on their WQI values: excellent water, good water, poor water, and unfit for drinking. The WQI scores showed that only 43.33% of the samples were deemed acceptable for drinking, indicating that the majority (56.67%) were unsuitable. The findings suggest that the DTC and XGB algorithms outperform all other algorithms, achieving overall accuracies of 100% each. In contrast, RF, KNN, and LR exhibit overall accuracies of 88, 75, and 50%, respectively. Researchers seeking to enhance water quality using machine learning can benefit from the models described in this study for water quality prediction.

ML assisted enhanced recommendation system for reliable volunteering environment

The coronavirus pandemic has negatively impacted everyone around the globe. The need to follow social distancing has increased the demand for technology that makes remote volunteering accessible. Alerting, aiding, and educating individuals at risk in a privacy-preserving manner are the need of the hour. Several NGOs have taken up this responsibility but are lacking the resources to reach willing volunteers and donations. This project attempts to make a novel on-demand service application using ID3, CART, and C4.5 decision tree classification algorithms and compare their accuracies. Algorithm C4.5 here we use as a Decision Tree classifier that can be make decisions based on univariate or multivariate predictor. C4.5 Algorithm builds decision trees based on the conception of information gain, with the decision of each classification associated with the target classification. The best way to determine uncertainty is to use entropy that reflects the basis of decision. We aim to classify volunteer data based on predicted volunteer reliability. C4.5 algorithm shows 11.63 higher accuracy when compared to other algorithm and the value of 0.36 Gini index for the C4.5 indicates that there is an adequate equality. It is conferred that the C4.5 algorithm will best solve this problem based on the required dataset that we have created.

Machine learning algorithms to study the relative roles of jet convection and natural convection in the presence of surface roughness elements on enhancement of jet impingement heat transfer

Based on data-driven approaches, eight machine-learning algorithms have been proposed to characterize the heat transfer performance of turbulent jet impingement cooling. These algorithms are designed to cool high-heat-flux surfaces modified with single protrusions, multi-protrusions, or V-grooves. To train these algorithms, an experimental dataset was used, which included 184 experiments with Reynolds numbers ranging from 10,000 to 33,000, nozzle exit-to-plate distances ranging from 2 to 10 jet diameters, and two different heat inputs of 60 W and 90 W. Multiple linear regression algorithms in Python programming were used to model jet impingement cooling, showing that the proposed machine learning models provided more accurate predictions with a 20.4 % to 66.5 % relative residual improvement over the existing conventional regression model based on performance metrics like R2 and relative residual. This improvement was leveraged to quantify natural convection's impact on the effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement due to different types and sizes of roughness elements in high-temperature applications. The research found that as the protrusion surface area increased from 0.02 % to 0.188 % compared to the flat plate, the effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement decreased from 2.69 % to 8.37 % at similar operating conditions. These results revealed that natural convection, which opposes forced jet impingement, was strengthened with increased heat input values, roughness element surface area, and the local turbulence generated. The higher natural convection weakened the enhancement afforded by jet impingement on the modified plates relative to the flat plate. Additionally, the capabilities of machine learning algorithms were explored to unlock the full potential of the jet impingement technique and to overcome the associated complexity in jet impingement applications for next-generation electronics cooling. Finally, the Decision Tree Classifier algorithm was applied to classify the performance of the surface roughness element as either effective or ineffective.

Performance Analysis of the Decision Tree Classification Algorithm on the Water Quality and Potability Dataset

Ensuring water potability is paramount for public health and safety. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of the Decision Tree classification algorithm in predicting water potability using the Water Quality and Potability dataset. Employing a 5-fold cross-validation technique, the model showcased a moderate performance with an average accuracy of approximately 54.33%. While the Decision Tree provides a baseline and interpretable mechanism for classification, the results emphasize the need for further exploration using more intricate models or ensemble methods. This study contributes to the broader effort of leveraging machine learning techniques for water quality assessment and provides insights into the potential and limitations of such models in predicting water safety

A Comparative Analysis of Decision Tree Classification Algorithms for Blended Learning Analytics in WEKA

This study explores the application of decision tree classification algorithms for analyzing student performance data within a blended learning environment. The analysis, conducted using WEKA 3.8.6, focused on four attributes believed to influence student performance: course type, course level outcome (CLO), topic learning outcome (TLO), and level of assessment. A comparative analysis of J48, Random Forest, and SimpleCart algorithms revealed valuable insights. J48 demonstrated efficiency in model building, while Random Forest offered a balance between interpretability and accuracy. SimpleCart achieved the highest classification accuracy but could be less interpretable. The selection of the optimal algorithm depends on the analytical goals. J48 is suitable for rapid exploration, while SimpleCart prioritizes accuracy. Random Forest offers a compromise for scenarios where both understanding and accuracy are important. This study provides a foundation for understanding student performance through decision trees and highlights opportunities for further exploration using additional attributes, rule-based learners, and other machine learning algorithms. By leveraging these techniques, educators within blended learning environments can gain a deeper understanding of student performance and tailor their practices to optimize learning outcomes.

The Promotion of Women's Leisure Sports Behavior Based on Improved Decision Tree Algorithm

In women's daily leisure choices, sports is an important content that cannot be ignored. In this context, this paper studies the promotion of women's leisure sports behavior based on improved decision tree algorithm. Based on the simple analysis of the research progress of leisure sports and decision tree algorithm, a female leisure sports behavior model based on decision tree is constructed. Based on the decision tree algorithm, the calculation method of information gain rate is optimized to avoid logarithmic operation, and the continuous attributes are discretized. Simulation results show that in terms of classification accuracy, the improved decision tree algorithm is significantly higher than the classical decision tree algorithm, and can significantly shorten the running time, which has high application value in the realization of accurate classification analysis of female leisure sports behavior.

Intelligent Decision Support for Identifying Chronic Kidney Disease Stages

The decision tree classification algorithm is becoming increasingly important in machine learning (ML) technology. It is being used in a variety of fields to solve extremely complicated issues. DTCA is also utilised in medical health data to identify chronic kidney disorders such as cancer and diabetes utilising computer-aided diagnosis. Deep learning is an intelligent area of machine learning in which neural networks are used to learn unsupervised from unstructured or unlabeled data. For CKD, the DL employed the deep stacked auto-encoder and soft-max classifier techniques. Kidney illness is another condition that can lead to a variety of health problems. Random forest, SVM, C5.0, decision tree classification algorithm, C4.5, ANN, neuro-fuzzy systems, classification and clustering, DSAE, DNN, FNC, MLP are used in this study to predict and identify an early diagnosis of CKD patients using various machine and deep learning algorithms using R Studio and Python Colab software. The many stages of chronic kidney disease are identified in this paper.

Prediction of Sleep Disorders Based on Occupation and Lifestyle: Performance Comparison of Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes Classifier

Health is a very important thing in life. Therefore, to maintain health, we need adequate rest. Without adequate rest, the body will not be healthy and fit. In this study, a person's sleep disorder prediction will be made based on their lifestyle and work. The predictions made will classify sleep disorders that are absent, sleep apnea and insomnia from certain lifestyles and work. The methods used to make predictions are decision tree classifier, random forest classifier and naïve Bayes classifier. The test was carried out using a total of 375 data which was broken down into 70% training data and 30% testing data. The results obtained after testing with test data are by using the decision tree classifier algorithm to get an accuracy of 89.431%, using the random forest classifier algorithm to get an accuracy of 90.244% and by using the naïve Bayes classifier algorithm to get an accuracy of 86.992%.

Application of Decision Tree Classification Algorithm in Quality Assessment of Distance Learning in Colleges

INTRODUCTION: The quality assessment technology of distance education in colleges and universities, as the critical technology for identifying the quality of distance education in colleges and universities, is conducive to the improvement of the quality of distance teaching and the progress of the existing means and methods of distance education, which makes the means of distance teaching in colleges and universities rich in science.
 OBJECTIVES: Aiming at the evaluation methods of higher education institutions, there are problems such as insufficient objectivity and comprehensiveness of the evaluation system, single process, and inadequate quantitative analysis.
 METHODS:Proposes a decision tree and intelligent optimization algorithm for the college distance teaching quality assessment method. Firstly, the kernel principal component analysis method is used to carry out dimensionality reduction analysis on the index system of college distance teaching quality assessment; then, the decision tree parameters are optimized through the marine predator algorithm to construct a college distance teaching quality assessment model; finally, the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are verified through simulation experimental analysis.
 RESULTS: The results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of the assessment model.
 CONCLUSION: The problem of insufficient objective and scientific evaluation and low precision of distance teaching quality assessment methods in colleges and universities is solved.

A Feature Extraction based Improved Sentiment Analysis on Apache Spark for Real-time Twitter Data

This paper aims to improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis on Apache Spark for a real-time general twitter data. A lot of works exist on sentiment analysis on offline or stored twitter data that uses several classification algorithms on relevant features extracted using well-known feature extraction methodologies on pre-processed text data. However, not much works exist for sentiment analysis of real-time twitter data and especially for the generic data on big data processing platforms such as Apache Spark. This paper proposes a real-time sentiment analysis for generic twitter data through Apache Spark using six classification algorithms on N-gram and Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) feature extraction methodologies on the pre-processed data. An exhaustive comparison is done using Logistic Regression (LR), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Random Forest Classfier (RFC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN), and Decision Tree (DT) classification algorithms. It is observed that the trigram feature extraction method performs the best on LR and SVM and the RFC results are also comparable on the considered general tweets data.

Identifying Credit Card Fraud in Illegal Transactions Using Random Forest and Decision Tree Algorithms

The use of credit cards is increasing in today's digital era. This increase has resulted in many cases of fraud which have had a negative impact on credit card owners. To overcome this, many financial institutions have developed credit card fraud detection systems that can identify suspicious transactions. This study uses a classification method, namely random forest and decision tree to identify illegal transactions using a credit card, which then compares the results and attempts to create a model that can be useful for detecting fraud using a credit card that is more accurate and effective. The result of this study is that the accuracy provided by the Decision Tree Classifier is 0.98, while the accuracy provided by the Random Forest Classification is also 0.975. The conclusion obtained that the decision tree has a higher level of accuracy compared to the Random Forest Classification Algorithm, which is 98%. On the other hand, the Random Forest classification algorithm has a slightly lower level of accuracy compared to the Decision Tree classification algorithm, with an accuracy rate of 97.5%

Research on a Decision Tree Classification Algorithm Based on Granular Matrices

The decision tree is one of the most important and representative classification algorithms in the field of machine learning, and it is an important technique for solving data mining classification tasks. In this paper, a decision tree classification algorithm based on granular matrices is proposed on the basis of granular computing theory. Firstly, the bit-multiplication and bit-sum operations of granular matrices are defined. The logical operations between granules are replaced by simple multiplication and addition operations, which reduces the operation time. Secondly, the similarity between granules is defined, the similarity metric matrix of the granular space is constructed, the classification actions are extracted from the similarity metric matrix, and the classification accuracy is defined by weighting the classification actions with the probability distribution of the granular space. Finally, the classification accuracy of the conditional attribute is used to select the splitting attributes of the decision tree as the nodes to form forks in the tree, and the similarity between granules is used to judge whether the data types in the sub-datasets are consistent to form the leaf nodes. The feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of case studies. The results of tests conducted on six UCI public datasets show that the algorithm has higher classification accuracy and better classification performance than the ID3 and C4.5.

Risk Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) The Construction of the Road in Dumai City (Case Study: Sp. Batang – Sp. Kulim, Sp. Batang – Sp. Terminal and Bts. City of Dumai – Duri)

The rapid development of the construction industry brings not only benefits but also risks. This study will analyze the risks and risk controls that occur in the management of occupational safety and health of road construction projects in the City of Dumai. The method used in this study is qualitative by using a decision tree classification algorithm. The results showed that the main determining variable for the frequency of work accidents on the Dumai City road project was getting hit by a mobilized dump truck, while other risks were traffic jams, being hit by a vibro roller, workers' skin exposed to hazardous materials, and inhalation of hazardous material dust with the results of predictive accuracy and the results of the reality on the ground, namely the frequency of work accidents that occurred in the Dumai city road project, namely 66.67%. The risk control is based on the element requirements of the OHSAS 18001: 2007 Occupational Safety Management System, namely substitution, engineering, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).