Deceptive Jamming Signal Research Articles

Generation of a synthetic aperture radar deception jamming signal based on a deep echo inversion network

AbstractExisting methods for generating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) deception jamming signals have slow speed, low imaging quality, and insufficient intelligence in complex electromagnetic environments. This paper proposes a deep learning‐based SAR deception jamming signal generation method based on deep echo inversion Unet (DEIUnet). This method has high speed and provides high‐image quality of the interference signal. A Swin Next (SN) block is proposed to combine local and non‐local information in the image and echo data. The Unet structure consists of SN blocks, and a residual connection is used as the jump connection to fuse the multi‐scale feature information from the echo and image data. PixelShuffle is utilised for up‐sampling to generate high‐quality echo data. The experimental results on MSTAR and Sentinel‐1 data sets verify the effectiveness and superiority of DEIUnet for echo inversion. The imaging results of the SAR deception jamming signal generated by DEIUnet on an MSTAR scene confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of Deception Jamming Effects on FM Radio based Passive Radar

In this paper, we analyze the performance of an FM radio based passive radar in the presence of deception jamming such as false-target generation. To do this, we examine the effects of applying the deception jamming signal to the passive radar through the derivation of the construction of the amplitude-range-Doppler(ARD) plot. The analysis results show that applying the deception jamming signal with the low power similar to the target echo signal generates false targets at positions set by the jamming variables compared to the real target position in the ARD plot. Also, it is possible to induce the jamming effect so that only false targets are detected by selecting appropriate jamming power. Simulations are included to verify the theoretical results and to discuss on the effectiveness of the deception jamming on the FM radio based passive radar.

Synthetic Aperture Radar Active Decoy

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely involved in military reconnaissance and detection of moving targets. SAR active decoy can generate deceptive jamming signal and it can severely affect the content of SAR focused image. SAR range Doppler algorithm (RDA) is considered as one of the most common algorithms utilized in the image formation processor (IFP) in SAR sensors. In this paper, the inverse RDA (IRDA) deception jamming technique and its evaluation criteria on SAR are demonstrated. Mathematical formulations for SAR RDA with and without deception jamming are presented. Matlab simulation and results of SAR RDA under the proposed deception scenario are discussed. SAR point target simulation of the proposed deceptive jamming and false target insertion into real large scene are also introduced. Comparison of the proposed deceptive jamming to signal power ratio (JSR) required to counter SAR with other SAR jamming techniques is analyzed.

효과적인 인공위성 SAR 기만 재밍을 위한 요구 조건 분석

In this study, we analyzed the deceptive jamming performance of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Four cases were considered: (1) time synchronization between the SAR and the jammer, (2) the number of fast Fourier transform (FFT) points that the jammer can use, (3) the minimum signal processing time of the jammer, and (4) the minimum feasible time interval in the jammer. To analyze the effectiveness of each case, the satellite-borne SAR and jammer simulation environment were used. From the results, it was confirmed that the four cases of jammer performance can affect the false SAR image quality, leading to the deterioration of its deceptive jamming performance. Therefore, we suggest that an analysis of the ability of the jammer is necessary for implementing more sophisticated SAR deceptive jamming signal processing.

A Practical Deceptive Jamming Method Based on Vulnerable Location Awareness Adversarial Attack for Radar HRRP Target Recognition

In recent years, deep neural networks are increasingly popular in the field of radar high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs) target recognition. Unfortunately, recent researches have revealed that a deep-learning classifier can be easily fooled by adding small perturbations to the input, named adversarial attack. This provides us an inspiration for radar deceptive jamming signal generation in electronic countermeasures (ECMs). However, the perturbations generated by these adversarial attacks are usually of complex envelopes and quite low power, making it challenging for jammers to generate such actual jamming signals. To solve that issue, we propose a practical deceptive jamming generation method that learns the vulnerable range cells in an HRRP sample and injects several jamming pulses with specific amplitudes into these range cells. Such jamming signals are easy to generate and can deceive the radar automatic target recognition (RATR) model to output the wrong target category prediction with high confidence. To avoid the requirement of the recognition network structure information, we leverage the differential evolution optimization algorithm (non-gradientbased). Further, to provide the potential of real-time jamming signal generation during the test, an encoder is constructed not only to learn the separable features but also to find the vulnerable range cells and the specific amplitudes of the jamming pulses. In the experiments, we apply the proposed attack algorithms to fool the one-dimensional convolutional neural network-based HRRPRATR models. The extensive experimental results on measured aircraft HRRP dataset prove that the proposed algorithms achieve a promising attack performance and serve as a practical and fast deceptive jamming generation method.

A Stop Condition for Compressed Recovery of Random Modulated Signal

A stop condition without prior information, applied to compressed sensing recovery in millimeter-wave detection system considering the deceptive jamming signal, is proposed in this brief. The input observation signal is extended to the case consisting of the interference that is correlated to the recovery signal. By making the sufficient statistics of the input parameters and observation values generated from the iterative process, the recovery algorithm can be stopped more appropriately. The main contribution of this brief is to propose a stop criterion to improve the efficiency of the algorithm for random modulated signal recovery. Furthermore, different modulated parameters of the random modulated signal are investigated to verify the feasibility and adaptability of the proposed method. The comparable results show greater performance and the algorithm efficiency is improved by 53.2%.

Fast Generation of Deceptive Jamming Signal Against Spaceborne SAR Based on Spatial Frequency Domain Interpolation

This article proposes a novel method for the generation of the deceptive jamming signal against spaceborne SAR, which can calculate the jammer’s frequency response (JFR) efficiently. The first advantage of this algorithm is that the real-time computational complexity is independent of the number of fake scattering units, so it is particularly suitable for generating scenes containing a large number of scatterers. Besides, the imaging quality of fake targets is also improved significantly, especially in the case of squint geometries. First, using the Taylor series expansion and approximations, we derive the recurrence relationship of the slant range between the adjacent pulse repetition intervals. Based on this relationship, the JFR at each azimuth time is mapped to a special spatial spectrum, which is the 2-D Fourier transform along the range and azimuth dimensions of the JFR matrix at the time of the first pulse arrival. Therefore, after the initial JFR is calculated, the subsequent JFRs can be quickly obtained by sinc function interpolation. Then, the validity and effective region of this algorithm are estimated by the theoretical analysis of the slant range error. The simulation results and a computational complexity analysis verify that the algorithm demonstrates superior performance in terms of imaging quality and efficiency.

Feature Fusion Based on Bayesian Decision Theory for Radar Deception Jamming Recognition

As an important part of electronic warfare, radar countermeasure determines the trend of war to a large extent. Modern radar jamming technology, especially deception jamming technology, plays an increasingly important role. Therefore, how to identify radar deception jamming is very necessary. In this paper, a feature fusion algorithm based on Bayesian decision theory is used to recognize radar deception jamming signals. Firstly, the real echo signal, deception jamming signal (contains range gate pull-off jamming, velocity gate pull-off jamming and range-velocity gate pull-off jamming) and noise signal received by radar are acquired as signal sources. Then bispectrum transformation is used to extract features in several aspects. Finally, kernel density estimation is used to improve the fusion algorithm, and the feature fusion algorithm based on Bayesian decision theory is used to recognize the received signals from radar. Results of the experiment indicate that the algorithm not only can recognize the radar deception jamming, but also has high accuracy.

Radar Countermeasure and Effect Analysis for the Pull-Off Deceptive Jamming Signal

Radar Countermeasure and Effect Analysis for the Pull-Off Deceptive Jamming Signal

Fast Generation of Deceptive Jamming Signal Against Space-Borne SAR

Due to advantages, such as its low power consumption and higher concealment, deceptive jamming against the space-borne synthetic aperture radar has received extensive attention during the past decades. To reduce the computational complexity in the deceptive jamming operation, this article proposes a new approach to generate the jamming signal efficiently. Based on the Taylor series expansion and approximation, we derive the recursive formula, which can be used to calculate the current system function of jammer (JSF) from that in the previous pulse repetition interval. After the calculation of the initial JSF, the deceptive jamming signal can be quickly generated through the recursive algorithm. Then the validity and effective region of the algorithm is estimated through the theoretical analysis of the slant distance error. Finally, the simulation results confirm the superior effect of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the segmented modulation algorithm, the most commonly used fast algorithm for deceptive jamming, this algorithm improves the focusing performance slightly, while reducing the computational complexity by at least 6.25%.

송수신 격리도 미확보 조건에서 DRFM을 이용한 LFMOP펄스압축레이다 기만재밍신호 생성에 관한 연구

송수신 격리도 미확보 조건에서 DRFM을 이용한 LFMOP펄스압축레이다 기만재밍신호 생성에 관한 연구

Research on deception jamming of chaotic composite short-range detection system based on bispectral analysis and genetic algorithm–back propagation

The chaotic compound short-range detection system is a new type of short-range detection system, which has strong anti-jamming ability. However, for the deception jamming, the characteristics of the complex short-range detection system are very similar to the detection echo, which poses a serious threat to the detection system. In order to analyze and extract the different characteristics between deceptive jamming and target echo signal, so as to realize the anti-deceptive jamming of chaotic compound short-range detection system, this article analyzes and simulates the mathematical model of deceptive jamming and target echo, and analyzes the bispectral characteristics of the simulated echo and jamming signal, and a set of anti-deception jamming feature parameters has been constructed. The identification of deceptive interference is realized by genetic algorithm–back propagation neural network, and the recognition accuracy is high and the real-time performance is good.

Mosaic scene deception jamming based on 2D separation modulation against SAR

The false scene, which is formed by the false scene deception jamming signal, can cover the real target and scene, confuse synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and mislead the decision-making. If an area is selected to be protected by utilising the false scene deception jamming, the computational burden of the jammer is related to the number of false scatterers. An important problem faced by the SAR deceptive jammer is how to generate the false scene with the low computational burden. To overcome this disadvantage, a mosaic scene deception jamming based on two-dimensional separation is proposed against SAR. The intercepted SAR signal is separated and retransmitted in azimuth and range to enlarge the width of the main lobe and generate the `mosaic scene', which reduces the resolution of the false targets to fill the protected area. Therefore, the number of false scatterers is decreased and the computational burden is also reduced. Moreover, to make a low-resolution false scene similar to the real scene and ensure the jamming effectiveness, the mosaic scene deception jamming template should be highly correlated with the false scene deception jamming template. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results.

Performance evaluation of deceptive and noise jamming on SAR focused image

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been involved in military applications such as high resolution imaging, battle field surveillance, and moving target detection. Recently noise and deception jamming signal are introduced to counter SAR sensor, thus these jamming techniques can be used to protect ground targets or objects of high interest. In this paper, a comparative study of the performance of the deceptive and the noise jamming on a SAR focused image, with and without jamming, is performed. Two evaluations craterous, structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and correlation coefficient (CC) are used to measure the previous jamming techniques effect on a real SAR focused image (object of high interest). The computer based simulation results, reveal that for the same CC, the power required by the deceptive jamming is reduced by three order of magnitude compared with the power required by conventional noise jamming, mean while for the same SSIM the required power is reduced by nearly two order of magnitude.

A new airborne self-protection jammer for countering ground radars based on sub-Nyquist

Deception jammer is the most effective technique for spoofing a radar system. In this paper a new model for airborne self-protection jammer was proposed, this model provides a countering technique to the ground radars. It is used for generating a deceptive jamming signal using digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) based on sub-Nyquist sampling, it shows that under sampling with lower sampling rates will be useful in generating a multiple deceptive false target signals with a better resolution, it has greatly reduced the demands on sampling rate, processing time, and power transmitted.

ANALYSIS OF JAMMING TECHNIQUE AGAINST IAC MONOPULSE RADAR

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the mathematical analysis of a proposed jamming technique used against IAC monopulse radar. The idea of this technique is to repeat the radar signal with change in its amplitude and phase (deception jamming signal) to produce an angular error in the target tracker. This error changes for different values of amplitude ratio and phase difference w.r.t the target signal. In the generated deceptive jamming signals, the change in the amplitude ratio makes large effect than the change in the phase difference on the real part of the complex measured error angle. The real value of the complex measured angle due to jamming with constant phase difference and different amplitude ratio has large variation at amplitude ratio less than three. This value converges to the value of the angle of the false target for higher amplitude ratio. There is no jamming effect at amplitude ratios less than one and for some values of phase difference. At these values, the measured angle equals to the angle of the real target. At least two jamming signals are required to have the complex error jamming angle to overcome the ECCM techniques that might be used by the target.