Decentralized Management Scheme Research Articles

Break down the decentralization-security-privacy trilemma in management of distributed energy systems.

Distributed energy systems encompass a diverse range of generation and storage solutions on the user side, where decentralized management schemes to maximize the overall social welfare are preferred considering their dispersed ownership. However, either security or privacy problems occur in recently proposed schemes. Here we report a decentralized framework leveraging the strengths of blockchain and parallelizable mathematical algorithms to overcome these potential drawbacks. The system owners bid cost functions and operating constraints through masked but coupled management subproblems, which are redistributed by the blockchain to be verifiably solved by competent peers. Such processes are iteratively executed as decisions and shadow prices are exchanged among participants, until an equilibrium is reached. The interactive framework ensures decentralized, privacy-preserving, and secure management of multiple energy sources, and reduces the total cost by 3.0 ~ 7.5% in the test system. Our results benefit the energy prosumers and promote a more active and competitive power grid.

A blockchain-based scheme for edge–edge collaboration management in time-sensitive networking

Edge–edge collaboration is the main collaboration mode for edge computing (EC) in time-sensitive networking (TSN). This distributed collaboration mode, in which the computing work is implemented collaboratively by the edge computing nodes (ECNs) without the involvement of cloud servers, poses challenges to collaboration management. However, most existing methods of ECN collaboration only focus on the scheduling of computing resources rather than management process design and rarely consider the transparency, security, and fair distribution guarantee mechanism of collaboration benefits. To address this issue, we propose a blockchain-based and decentralized management scheme for ECNs autonomous collaboration in TSN. First, we design an edge–edge collaboration management framework and its workflow based on blockchain for EC in TSN (TECChain), which combines blockchain with TSN technology and EC paradigm. To solve the consensus problem in TECChain, the proof of diligence (PoD) and delegated PoD (DPoD) consensus mechanisms are designed. Furthermore, by leveraging the high-precision synchronous clock foundation of TSN, we propose two time-slot-driven consensus algorithms, named sequential decision-making based on DPoD (S-DPoD) and Byzantine fault tolerance based on DPoD (BFT-DPoD) respectively. Theoretical analysis results show that the proposed algorithms perform better in terms of security, transactions per second (TPS), energy saving, etc., compared to other algorithms. Comparison experiments reveal that S-DPoD consumes fewer interactive messages and has higher Byzantine fault tolerance and success rate of consensus than BFT-DPoD, but BFT-DPoD has lower transaction verification latency and larger TPS.

СУЧАСНА МЕДИЧНА РЕФОРМА В УКРАЇНІ ЗА МОДЕЛЛЮ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЩАСТЯ: ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ І ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The article considers economic and legal issues of public health care reform and the provision of medical services from the standpoint of the theory of the economy of happiness. In the Constitution of Ukraine, part of the norms lays the foundation for the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in the field of health care and medical care. This means that the system of public finances already has at least a constitutional and legal basis for building the existing system of financing in this area. Meanwhile, there are complexes of paradigmatic, methodological, theoretical and methodological issues on the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in the consistent reconstruction of the program financial and budgetary model, which should be personalistically oriented, built on the vector "bottom up" (from the level of basic communities (individual, family) , intermediate communities (public organizations) to the highest level (state), to optimally combine different sources of funding and centralized and decentralized management schemes. The positive and negative features of the health care reform set out in the Health Manifesto are revealed, as well as the role of communities at different levels (individuals, families and individuals). it, public associations, the state) in the reconstruction of personalistic-oriented ave financial and budgetary model of health care. Emphasis is placed on the need to use the advantages of vertically-oriented (hierarchical) and horizontally-oriented (network) structure of medical institutions.

Incorporating unsupervised learning into intrusion detection for wireless sensor networks with structural co-evolvability

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to many security threats because of the open and unreliable communication channels, the highly dynamic network structure as well as the decentralized management scheme. It is therefore, quite challenging to build an intrusion detection system that can detect various unknown attacks, reach better balance between detection rate and false alarm rate and increase the adaptivity to network dynamics, particularly for a resource-constraint WSN. In this paper, we proposed a knowledge-based intrusion detection strategy (KBIDS) to bridge the gap. We firstly used the Mean Shift Clustering Algorithm (MSCA), an unsupervised learning scheme to distinguish undefined abnormal patterns which reflect the abnormal behavior of a WSN being attacked from the normal context; then we employed a support vector machine to maximize the margin between abnormal and normal features so that the classification error can be minimized, which in turn to effectively enhance the detection accuracy; finally, we adopted a feature updating strategy to reflect network dynamics so that the system can co-evolve with the network change. Then, the validation of KBIDS in both network emulator and the real environment were conducted and analyzed. Results showed that KBIDS had achieved the highest detection rate and the lowest false alarm rate among several state-of-the-art intrusion models. In addition to that, we also conducted some parameter sensitivity analyses to help identifying the optimal configuration which can be used to parameterize KBIDS in real applications.

Understanding the Constraints on the Supply of Public Education to the Migrant Population in China: evidence from Shanghai

The right to education for children from rural migrant families in urban areas has sparked heated debates in China. While there are increasing indications of policy changes to bring public education to all citizens regardless of their residency, it is less clear what kinds of resources are needed to create an education supply to serve this constantly moving and ever-growing population. Using archival and interview data on a large urban district in Shanghai, the authors analyze the constraints faced by local government in providing full-scale free education to migrant children. The authors find that the public finance scheme, teacher staffing policy and land use policy are the three factors that constrain the supply of public education in large metropolitan areas. This analysis also shows that under the current decentralized management scheme, local government alone does not have the capacity to resolve these constraints. This finding calls for coordination among various state branches at the national level.

Centralized and decentralized management of groundwater with multiple users

In this work, we investigate two groundwater inventory management schemes with multiple users in a dynamic game-theoretic structure: ( i) under the centralized management scheme, users are allowed to pump water from a common aquifer with the supervision of a social planner, and ( ii) under the decentralized management scheme, each user is allowed to pump water from a common aquifer making usage decisions individually in a non-cooperative fashion. This work is motivated by the work of Saak and Peterson [14], which considers a model with two identical users sharing a common aquifer over a two-period planning horizon. In our work, the model and results of Saak and Peterson [14] are generalized in several directions. We first build on and extend their work to the case of n non-identical users distributed over a common aquifer region. Furthermore, we consider two different geometric configurations overlying the aquifer, namely, the strip and the ring configurations. In each configuration, general analytical results of the optimal groundwater usage are obtained and numerical examples are discussed for both centralized and decentralized problems.

Modeling Decentralized Management of Highway Network

Since the links consisting of road network have high interdependency, a single decision maker should generally manage road network However, some organizational requirements often force to choose decentralized management scheme. In such a situation, a management scheme should be designed to realize efficient management of the network.In this paper, decentralized managers'maintenance decisions are modeled based on game theory.Maintenance strategies at an equilibrium of the game model are compared with optimum maintenance strategies taken by a single decision maker, and the relationship between network decomposition and efficiency is analyzed.

Responsibility Tokens in Supply Chain Management

The decentralized supply chain management scheme of Lee and Whang (1999) can be viewed as operationalizing the decentralized management scheme implicit in Clark and Scarf (1960). This paper proposes the use of what are called responsibility tokens (RTs) to further facilitate that operationalization. The proposal assumes that a management information system, presumably electronic, is established to monitor inventories and shipment quantities, and to carry out transfer payments between players. As in Lee and Whang(1999), the incentives of the system are aligned, so if each player is brilliantly self-serving, the system optimal solution will result. While the system administrator need not know how the system should be managed, the most upstream player must know how to manage the system optimally for the system optimal solution to be achieved. RTs endow the system with an attractive self-correcting property: An example illustrates that upstream players are given a mechanism and the incentive to correct for downstream overordering. The downstream players who over-order are penalized, but system performance is not degraded much. Extensions and further research are also discussed.

Decentralized Air Traffic Management Systems: Performance and Fault Tolerance

In this paper, we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of a proposed decentralized Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, in which aircraft are allowed a larger degree of autonomy in deciding their route (“free flight”) instead of following prespecified “sky freeways”. A decentralized management scheme is described, which incorporates a hybrid control system switching among different optimal control solutions according to changes in the information structure between agents. The performance and robustness of this decentralization scheme is assessed by means of simulation trials, showing that, whereas optimality of plans is strictly nonincreasing, robustness to system failures is likely to improve.

Long term resources allocation for control purposes in a water management system / L'attribution des ressources à long terme aux fins de contrôle dans un système d'économie des eaux

Abstract To represent both a centralized and a decentralized decision-making structure, water resource and quality management tasks are modelled for use in a single computer and a multicomputer system by applying price co-ordination for solving the long term optimization of the system. An example is given of the application of the decentralized management scheme to the water resources system of the Upper Silesia region in Poland.