Second Harmonic Generation Decay Research Articles

Synthesis and electro-optic properties of novel Y-type polyimide containing nitrothiazolylazodioxyphenyl group

New Y-type polyimide (5) containing nitrothiazolylazodioxyphenyl groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyimide 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. Polyimide 5 shows a thermal stability up to 300 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 130 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 2.32 pm/V. The dipole alignment of polymer 5 exhibits a thermal stability even at 5 °C higher than Tg, and there is no SHG decay below 135 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Effect of sodium addition and thermal annealing on second-order optical nonlinearity in thermally poled amorphous Ta2O5 thin films

We demonstrate second-order optical nonlinearity (SON) induced in amorphous tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) films by thermal poling. The effects of sodium addition and thermal annealing on the efficiency and stability of second harmonic generation (SHG) have been investigated. Maker fringe analysis has been used to quantify the poling-induced SON. χ(2) of 0.46 ± 0.02 pm/V and 0.34 ± 0.02 pm/V was achieved for sodium-containing and pure Ta2O5 films, respectively. Both the strength and the temporal stability of the induced nonlinearity are discussed with respect to the poling mechanisms and measured electrical conductivity. The lower density of uncombined charges of the Ta2O5 thin films is believed to play a role in the strength of SHG signal, and the rate of SHG decay decreases with thermal annealing.

Enhancement of nonlinear optical and thermal properties of polyurethanes by modifying the chromophores with fused heterocyclic and pyrimidine rings

This article describes the synthesis of substituted triazolo[3,4‐b]‐thiadiazole heterocycles based nonlinear optical (NLO) responsive chromophores. To enhance the NLO properties of the chromophores, the pyrimidine ring was introduced with an appropriate π‐bonding. With these chromophores, different series of polyurethanes were prepared by condensation with tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate and 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐4,4′‐biphenylene diisocyanate. The structure of the resulting chromophores and polyurethanes was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen (CHN) analyzer. The inherent viscosities (ηinh) of the polyurethanes measured by Ubbelohde viscometer were in the range of 0.2324–0.2760 dl/g. Thermal behavior of the polyurethanes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular orientation in polyurethane films was induced by a corona poling, and this was ascertained using ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope. The thicknesses and refractive indices of thin films were determined by an Ellipsometer. Polyurethanes exhibited excellent solubility in most of the common organic solvents. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients (d33) of the poled polyurethanes ranged from 63.20 and 95.32 pm/V at 532 nm. None of the polyurethanes showed SHG decay below 100°C, and retained 95% of the signal even up to 500 h. The resulting enhanced NLO efficiency and longer temporal stability make these polyurethanes as promising candidates for photonic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:500–509, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Synthesis and properties of novel nonlinear optical polyester containing carbomethoxycyanovinylnitrocatecholic group

ABSTRACTA new X-type polyester 5 containing 4-(2′-carbomethoxy-2′-cyano)vinyl-5-nitrocatecholic groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which are parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and studied its properties. Polyester 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and dimethylsulfoxide. Polymer 5 shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 110°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer 5 film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 6.13 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment of polymer 5 exhibits a thermal stability up to Tg, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 110°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and properties of novel nonlinear optical polyurethane containing 4-(2′-carbomethoxy-2′-cyano)vinyl-5-nitrocatecholic group

ABSTRACTA new X-type polyurethane (5) containing 4-(2′-carbomethoxy-2′-cyano)vinyl-5-nitrocatecholic groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone, was prepared. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 93°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of a poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 6.58 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 7°C higher than Tg, and no SHG decay was observed below 100°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of novel polyester containing dicyanovinylnitrocatecholic group

ABSTRACTA novel X-type polyester containing 4-(2′,2′-dicyanovinyl)-5-nitrocatecholic groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. The polyester is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. It shows a thermal stability up to 300°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 105°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of a poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 5.31 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 5°C higher than glass-transition temperature (Tg), and no significant SHG decay is observed below 110°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and properties of nonlinear optical novel polyurethane containing nitrothiazolylazoresorcinoxy group

ABSTRACTA new Y-type polyurethane (4) containing nitrothiazolylazoresorcinoxy groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone was prepared. Polyurethane 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 240°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 126°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 9.02 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 4°C higher than Tg, and no SHG decay was observed below 130°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and electro-optic properties of novel Y-type polyester containing nitrothiazolylazoresorcinoxy group with highly enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment

A novel Y-type polyester containing 4-(5-nitro-2-thiazolylazo)resorcinoxy groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. The polyester is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 240 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 114 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of a poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength is around 3.58 p.m./V. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 6 °C higher than Tg, and there is no SHG decay below 120 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Polyester Containing Nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy Group

A new X-type polyester (4) containing nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone was prepared. Polyester 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 120°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 5.08 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 5°C higher than Tg, and no SHG decay was observed below 125°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Nonlinear Optical Polyester Containing Cyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy Group

Novel X-type polyester 5 containing 4-(2’-carbomethoxy-2’-cyano)vinyl-6-nitroresorcinoxy group as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore, which constitutes parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polyester 5 shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 116°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 4.25 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 4°C higher than glass-transition temperature (Tg), and no significant SHG decay is observed below 120°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and electro-optic properties of novel X-type polyester containing dioxynitrobenzylidenecyanoacetate with highly enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment

Novel X-type polyester 5 containing 5-nitro-2,4-dioxybenzylidenecyanoacetate groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polymer 5 shows a thermal stability up to 280 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 116 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d 33) of poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 1.78 pm V−1. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 4 °C higher than glass-transition temperature (T g), and no significant SHG decay is observed below 120 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and properties of novel X-type nonlinear optical polyester containing nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy group with highly enhanced SHG thermal stability

New X-type polyester (4) containing nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 120 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 2.13 pm/V. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 5 °C higher than Tg, and there is no SHG decay below 125 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Polyurethane Containing Cyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy Group

Novel X-type polyurethane 5 containing 4-(2′-carbomethoxy-2′-cyano)vinyl-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stabilities up to 260°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 108°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 9.83 × 10−9 esu. Polymer 5 exhibits a high thermal stability even at 2°C higher than Tg, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 110°C, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications.

Synthesis and properties of novel X-type polyurethane containing dicyanovinylnitrocatechol of enhanced SHG thermal stability for electro-optic applications

Novel X-type polyurethane 5 containing 4-(2′,2′-dicyanovinyl)-5-nitrocatecholic groups as nonlinear optical chromophores, which constitute parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stability up to 270 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of around 113 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at 1,064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 5.72 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 7 °C higher than glass-transition temperature, and there was no SHG decay below 120 °C due to the partial main-chain character of the polymer structure, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications.

Synthesis and electro-optic properties of novel X-type polyurethane containing nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy group with highly enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment

Novel X-type polyurethane 4 containing 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which are parts of the polymer main chains, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stabilities up to 270 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of about 134 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 5.37 × 10−9 esu. Polymer 4 exhibits a thermal stability up to Tg, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 135 °C, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 760–766

Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of a novel X-type polyester containing dicyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy groups with enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment

A novel X-type polyester (5) containing 4-(2′,2′-dicyanovinyl)-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polyester 5 shows thermal stability up to 300 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 108 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 2.99 pm V−1. The dipole alignment exhibits thermal stability even at 7 °C above the glass transition temperature, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 115 °C due to the partial main-chain character of the polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Nonlinear Optical Polyester Containing Nitrophenylazocatecholic Group

A new Y-type polyester (3) containing nitrophenylazocatecholic groups as NLO chromophores, which are parts of the polymer backbone was prepared. Polyester 3 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (Tg ) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 86°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33 ) of poled polymer film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 4.42 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 4°C higher than Tg , and no SHG decay was observed below 90°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Polyester Containing Dicyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy Group

Novel X-type polyester containing 4-(2′,2′-dicyanovinyl)-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polyester shows a thermal stability up to 300°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 108°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d 33) of poled polyester film at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 7.13 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 7°C higher than glass-transition temperature (T g), and no significant SHG decay is observed below 115°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Nonlinear Optical Polyurethane Containing Dicyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy Group

Novel X-type polyurethane 5 containing 4-(2′,2′-dicyanovinyl)-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stabilities up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 120°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d 33) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 6.12 × 10−9 esu. Polymer 5 exhibits a high thermal stability even at 5°C higher than T g, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 125°C, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Nonlinear Optical Polyurethane Containing Nitrophenylazocatecholic Group

A novel Y-type polyurethane 3 containing 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)catecholic groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 3 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMF. Polymer 3 shows a thermal stability up to 270°C from TGA thermogram and the T g value obtained from DSC thermogram is around 96°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d 33) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 4.58 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 4°C higher than T g, and there is no SHG decay below 100°C due to the partial main-chain character of the polymer structure, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications.