Decarbonization Process Research Articles

Preparation of high-activity mineral powder from coal gangue through thermal and chemical activation

Abstract This study focuses on enhancing the cementitious activity of coal gangue through a two-step process involving thermal activation followed by chemical alkali excitation. The coal gangue was first treated via a self-heating sintering decarbonization process, which effectively increased its reactivity without the need for additional solid fuel. Following thermal activation, chemical activation was performed using activators such as hydrated lime and lithium silicate to further improve the reactivity of the decarbonized coal gangue. The effectiveness of combining ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with the activated coal gangue was also evaluated. Results revealed that incorporating 35–45 % GGBS with activated coal gangue significantly enhanced both early and long-term strength, achieving an activity index exceeding 100 % under optimal conditions. The addition of 5 % hydrated lime significantly increased the 28-day activity index of the mineral powder to 82.7 %. Optimization experiments showed that reducing the content of decarbonized coal gangue and fine-tuning the proportions of activators further enhanced the overall activity index, reaching up to 103.7 %. This study provides a comprehensive approach to improving the resource utilization of coal gangue through integrated thermal and chemical activation, paving the way for its application in sustainable construction materials.

The mechanism of matching decarbonization goals with corporate performance

The implementation of decarbonization strategies requires more active involvement of industrial corporations. Their motivation is rather low because they are not able to incorporate their profitability goals in the decarbonization process. The literature on orchestrating the corporate performance and decarbonization goals is limited. The purpose of this study is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations of the decarbonization management mechanism allowing for mutual coordination of corporate performance and decarbonization goals through adjusting corporate indicators and low-carbon targets. The concept of decoupling of corporate indicators and the concept of green orchestration have been the theoretical foundations of the study. The empirical results have validated the methodology used to develop a decarbonization management mechanism.

Effect of boron oxide and basicity on viscosity and crystallization onset temperature of СаО–SiO<sub>2</sub>–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–12%Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–3%Аl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–8%МgO slag system

The rapid growth of demand for stainless steel and, accordingly, its production, which occurred in the second half of the 20th century and continues till today, makes it necessary to conduct studies of the properties of oxide systems that will contribute to the improvement of metallurgical production technologies for such steel. Therefore, in this paper, using the method of simplex grids for experimental planning and vibration viscometry, a study was conducted of the effect of basicity and boron oxide content on the viscosity and crystallization onset temperature of slags of the СаО–SiO2–B2O3–12%Cr2O3–3%Аl2O3–8%МgO oxide system formed during the reduction period of the production of low-carbon stainless steel by the argon-oxygen decarbonization (AOD) process, which is currently the main method for producing corrosion-resistant steel. The introduction of boron oxide into AOD-slags is a possible solution to the problem of instability of the physical properties of slags during smelting, caused by the volatility of fluorspar fluorides, traditionally used as a flux, and compliance with increasingly stringent environmental requirements by eliminating the formation of toxic fluorine compounds. Based on the results of experimental studies of the viscosity of slags of the studied oxide system depending on the chemical composition and temperature, approximating mathematical models in the form of a reduced third-degree polynomial are constructed. Graphically, the results of mathematical modeling are presented in the form of “composition – property” diagrams, which allow quantitatively determining the effect of temperature and chemical composition of the slags under study on viscosity and their composition on the crystallization onset temperature. It is noted that at 1600 and 1650°C, an increase in the boron oxide content in the slag from 3.0 to 6.0% has a favorable effect on the fluidity of the formed slags in the basicity range of 1.0-2.5. For example, an increase in the boron oxide concentration from 3.0 to 6.0% ensures a decrease in the viscosity of the slags from 2.0 to 0.5 Pa s at a temperature of 1600°C and from 0.4 to 0.3 Pa s at a temperature of 1650°C in the region of increased basicity up to 2.0-2.5.

Kinetics of medium-manganese steel prepared by solid-state decarburisation

This paper analyses solid-state decarburisation kinetics with the aim to clarify the transition rule of restrictive links in the process of decarburisation, providing a theoretical basis for regulating the solid-state-decarburisation rate. Experimental calculation of the Fe–Mn–C ternary alloy phase diagram using FactSage thermodynamic software, with medium manganese cast steel as the research object, experiments conducted at [Formula: see text] and a total gas flow rate of 1500 mL·min−1.The results show that the increase in manganese content has little effect on the carbon equivalent of solid solution in the γ-phase. This is because the proportion of γ-phase in the manganese cast steel decreases as the manganese mass fraction increases, but the increase in the γ-phase-carbon mass fraction makes the change in the carbon equivalent of solid solution in the small manganese cast steel plate. At 950°C, the internal diffusion of carbon in a 1 mm manganese cast steel plate has an obvious limiting effect on the decarbonisation process. When the decarburisation temperature rises to 1090°C, the effect of carbon diffusion on the whole decarburisation process decreases. The limiting factors inhibiting the whole decarbonisation process are the surface chemical reaction, that is, the temporary surface chemical reaction, as well as the internal diffusion limit of solid carbon, which leads to cementite decomposition. In the entire process of solid decarbonisation, a higher manganese content is beneficial for improving the reaction rate because, at the temperature of this experiment, manganese carbide dissolved into solid carbon, thus reducing the restrictive effect of the cementite decomposition on the decarbonisation process.

Greening of the national tax system

Greening the tax system is one of the tools for achieving sustainable development. Domestic literature on the subject presents various suggestions for the improvement of the tax system in Poland. This paper attempts to make a general assessment of the extent of the Polish tax system environmental reform implemented between 2007 and 2021. The paper has a literary and empirical character. The empirical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics methods. The assessment is mainly based on selected indicators: pro-ecological solutions in traditional taxes, the number of ecological taxes in the tax system, the fiscal efficiency of ecological taxes measured as a share in total tax revenues, and the economic importance of the examined taxes measured as a share in GDP. A comparative analysis of the national ecological levy system with the tax systems of EU countries was also conducted. A review of selected general taxes shows certain pro-environmental solutions but also solutions that seem controversial from the point of view of environmental protection and human life and that do not encourage entrepreneurs and consumers to be more environmentally friendly. A positive observation, on the other hand, was an increase in the number of environmental taxes and charges. However, these are still far less important from the economic and fiscal perspective compared to conventional taxes. The decarbonisation process of the economy and, the increase in public spending during the 2008 financial crisis and the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are not conducive to the greening of the tax system.

Key effects contributing to changes in energy imports in the EU-27 between 2000 and 2020: A decomposition analysis based on the Sankey diagram

The aim of this paper is to analyse the key effects contributing to changes in energy imports in the European Union (EU-27) in the period 2000–2020. Using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), the analysis examines the effect of changes in six factors—energy structure, energy dependence, energy transformation efficiency, energy yield after transformation, energy efficiency and activity—on imports of oil, natural gas and other sources of energy. The results of the analysis reveal that the decarbonisation process has fostered the abandonment of the most polluting fossil fuel sources; however, there has been an increase in energy dependence on less polluting sources that are not produced domestically. In contrast, there has been an opportunity for change through improved energy efficiency, which has made it possible to reduce energy requirements per unit produced. In short, in order to achieve a sustainable and secure energy future, it is crucial to implement policies and actions that promote both the diversification of the energy mix—particularly renewable energies—and efficiency in consumption. Doing so will enable countries to move towards true decarbonisation and minimise vulnerability in their energy supply.

The Significance of Economic Complexity and Renewable Energy for Decarbonization in Eastern European Countries

Emerging states’ path to enhancing the welfare of their citizens has been strongly accompanied by environmental degradation; climate change effects often abrogate their economic results. This zero-sum game must change, and environmental concerns should be considered when the development of a country is discussed and assessed. In this sense, this study’s objective is to analyze the impact of economic complexity and renewable energy consumption in the presence of economic growth and urbanization in selected emerging European countries from 1995 to 2021. We used a multiple-methodologic approach to highlight the supportive effects of economic complexity and renewable energy consumption in mitigating carbon emissions. Furthermore, the effects of economic growth and urbanization were emphasized by applying the cointegration regression (CCR), fully modified OLS, and dynamic OLS (FMOLS–DOLS) approaches. Additionally, we used Driscoll–Kraay estimation regression to test the robustness of our results. The results reveal the beneficial role of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity in the decarbonization process of selected countries. Furthermore, the study highlighted the detrimental influence of urbanization and economic growth, which were feasible considering the emerging status of the countries included in the panel.

Global carbon transition in the passenger transportation sector over 2000–2021

The high-emitting and hard-to-abate passenger transport sector plays a crucial role in global deep decarbonization. To lead an equitable and rapid transition in the passenger transportation, this work is the first to develop a bottom-up modeling framework integrated with the latest decomposing structural decomposition methodology to assess and compare historical emission patterns and decarbonization efforts of 28 countries over the past two decades. Results indicate: (1) Carbon emissions from the global passenger transport sector increased between 2000 and 2021, peaking in 2019, with GDP per capita and population size being key drivers of rising carbon emissions across countries. (2) The decarbonization efforts of the global passenger transport sector varied by traffic mode. The largest contributors were passenger buses [−0.46 megatons of carbon dioxide per year (Mt CO2/yr)], followed by trains (−0.4 Mt CO2/yr), and airplanes (−0.28 Mt CO2/yr), while passenger cars (1.04 Mt CO2/yr) hindered the decarbonization process. (3) Although the global passenger transport sector has cumulatively decarbonized 3005.9 Mt CO2 and achieved a decarbonization rate of 5.1 %, regional performance varied significantly, exhibiting uneven and inadequate progress. Overall, the study provides an effective data-driven assessment framework for reviewing and comparing global and national passenger transport decarbonization performance, which will facilitate the planning of decarbonization pathways by global emitters and the early achievement of zero-carbon transport.

The use of photobioreactors in façades for decarbonization process

The paper deals with the application of microalgae in building’s façade, regard to the broader project comprising the aspects of the environmental comfort of academic spaces and the energy consumption with on-grid photovoltaic generation, as well as the investigation of alternatives for the improvement of the performance of the building envelopes. Thus, its main objective is the application of interdisciplinary concepts involving Architecture and Biotechnology, as known by Black Ecologies, referring to an investigative interest to explore a new approach of nature, not only related to architectural space, but an emergent environmental focus. This relationship is performed by using photobioreactors with microalgae, installed on the façades of buildings for educational use. The present work presents the methodological outline of the research, based on literature review and case studies; complementary experimental methodologies are also presented to contextualize the subject and its application and feasibility. The current state of art showed an emergent approach in terms of international level, but in the Brazilian context any further research was identified yet. In addition to thermal and energy performance, the strategies will allow the process of sequestration of carbon dioxide and other GHG (greenhouse gases) that impacts on the process of climate change and can contribute to reach the sustainable development. This subject coincides with the discussions of the 2050 scenarios and emission reduction, which were faced at the recent COP-27 and its connections with an integrative way to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Certain aspects of legal support of ESG-strategy at the enterprise

The article is devoted to disclosing, from the legal point of view, the peculiarities of implementation and application of an ESG strategy at an enterprise through local acts of the enterprise. Today’s reality for Ukraine is the forced need to live and develop under the influence of destabilizing factors. A global trend that is designed, among other things, to counteract destabilizing factors is the comprehensive implementation of sustainable development goals. A practical reflection of the implementation of such goals at the level of an individual business entity is an ESG strategy, through the implementation of which a domestic business entity will not only be able to ensure its compliance with the relevant state policy, but will also potentially be able to build a system of counteracting destabilizing factors. In addition, the implementation of an ESG strategy can contribute to the post-war recovery of Ukraine. One of the goals that can be implemented in the short term is Goal 7, Renewable Energy. Decarbonization is a partial means of solving this problem. An ESG strategy can be used to implement decarbonization processes at the enterprise level, as it contains an environmental component. In addition to the environmental component, the ESG strategy also includes economic and social components, which opens up opportunities for the implementation of almost all sustainable development goals through it. The most effective model that will contribute to the optimal provision of the legal economic order is the introduction of ESG through a combination of elements of state regulation and self-regulation, but given the overload of the state apparatus, it is still advisable to implement ESG at the level of an individual business entity through the use of self­regulation mechanisms. One of the most promising legal means for implementing and applying an ESG strategy at the level of an individual enterprise is local rulemaking. For companies that do not have a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use a single local act - a regulation or a comprehensive company policy. For companies with a complex organizational structure, it is advisable to use such a legal structure as an internal business agreement.

An evaluation model for an optimal decarbonisation process in the built environment

PurposeThe goal is to deliver a decision-support framework to both public and private entities engaged in energy retrofit investments in the property market.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation algorithm that is being offered takes an innovative approach to financial and economic analysis. Its foundation is a market-driven/cost-driven method, drawing logic from operational research and goal programming.FindingsThe algorithm is tested to a real estate portfolio yielding an optimal asset retrofitting schedule. The ranking list is determined by taking into consideration a variety of parameters, including investment costs and total CO2 emissions from energy retrofit initiatives. The Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor’s (CRREM) emission targets for 2030 are employed as a reference point in the process of creating a ranking list of the assets that compose the real estate portfolio under examination.Practical implicationsThe evaluation algorithm will allow to determine, in a real estate portfolio, a priority list of assets to be enhanced. This is accomplished by taking into account the client’s financial resources, the overall cost of the intervention programmes for each asset, and the effects that each asset would have on the environment and the energy once the suggested retrofit programme is put into place.Originality/valueThe study proposes a methodological approach that seeks to balance the optimisation of energy performance, the reduction of environmental effect, the promotion of social well-being and economic sustainability in the context of managing the current property sector.

Decarbonization In the Steel Industry, Resource Management and Environmental Impact Assessment

The steel industry, as one of the basic global industries, plays a very important role in the production of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. Considering the necessity of the global decarbonization process and the big challenges facing the steel sector in Iran, the stakeholders must discover ways to achieve the decarbonisation of the Iranian steel sector. In this context, we present an initial exploration of this perspective, where the general focus is towards using suitable substitute materials, using more scrap steel and changing existing recycling methods to remove more impurities (e.g., vehicle disassembly). instead of crushing them, which challenges material separation). better design and material substitution; increasing energy efficiency; Changing carbon-intensive technologies to net zero; etc., which have the potential to accelerate the transition towards decarbonization of steel and thus strengthen and promote the vital process of decarbonization in the steel sector. New technologies are being developed that will significantly reduce carbon emissions in the iron and steel sector. Ways in which the uptake of more sustainable technology can be stimulated, including their orientation.

Study on the flame structure and flow field of hydrogen-enriched combustion in array micro-tube

Addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are critical priorities. Utilizing hydrogen-rich methane or pure hydrogen as fuels within gas turbines, facilitated by array micro-tube premixed combustion technology, is anticipated to markedly accelerate the decarbonization process of the energy sector. In this study, the flame structure of the array micro-tube premixed burner under various fuel compositions was examined using OH-Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Particle Image Velocimetry measurement techniques. The effects of the equivalence ratio (φ) and the hydrogen power ratio (HPR) on the characteristics of the flame front, including its curvature, density, volume, and the associated flow field properties, were discussed. As φ and HPR increase, the wrinkled structure of the flame front is significantly enhanced, with a more pronounced effect on smaller scales. This enhancement leads to the separation of the unburned pockets from the main flame. Concurrently, both the flame length and the flame area decrease with the augmentation of φ and HPR, indicating a more concentrated combustion process and increased combustion intensity under hydrogen-enriched and pure hydrogen conditions. The study also observed a slight increase in both the negative and positive curvatures of the flame front, with a more notable increase in the negative curvature. The increased negative curvature results in an elevated degree of wrinkling and a higher value of Σ (flame surface density), reaching a maximum of 0.876 mm−1 under the conditions where φ is 0.8 and ⟨c⟩ (mean progress variable) is 0.5, resulting in the smallest observed flame volume of 100.6 mm3. Upon coupling the flame with the flow field, it was discovered that the exit flow field of the array micro-tube exhibits symmetry and a characteristic conical flame shape. The burning velocity of the side flame brushes increases, and the velocity peak shifts upstream. The aforementioned findings confirm that the addition of hydrogen increases the laminar flame velocity, enabling the flame to stably anchor to the microtube outlet and thereby enhance the flame's robustness and stability.

Accelerating decarbonized economic growth through net-zero entrepreneurship: Low-carbon economic development perspective

Net-zero entrepreneurship is a novel concept introduced in the context of carbon neutrality, and exploring whether it can catalyze decarbonized economic growth is a worthy pursuit. This study constructs a comprehensive, low-carbon endogenous economic growth model to scrutinize the intricate nexus between net-zero entrepreneurship and decarbonized economic growth. Empirical validation employs a series of multiple regression models to rigorously test the hypotheses derived from the theoretical framework using an extensive dataset spanning Chinese provinces. The results reveal a nuanced landscape. (i) Net-zero entrepreneurship plays a remarkable role in promoting decarbonization growth, with considerable regional heterogeneity. (ii) Green technology progress exhibits a notable mediating effect. (iii) Environmental regulation and industrial structure optimization have positive moderating effects. (iv) The results passed alternative dependent variable and one-phase lag regression robustness tests. In a distinct contribution to entrepreneurship literature, this study augments the discourse on strategies to steer low-carbon transitions. The research findings indicate that net-zero entrepreneurship can accelerate the global decarbonization process, and green technology progress is a significant driving mechanism in this process. Additionally, it is essential to strengthen environmental agencies’ regulatory oversight and optimize industrial structures to pave the way for transformative sustainable growth. In the future, more entrepreneurs should be encouraged to engage in green technology and business model innovation to contribute to global decarbonization efforts.

New evidence of syn-eruptive magma-carbonate interaction: the case study of the Pomici di Avellino eruption at Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)

Calcareous lithics are commonly found within the products of some explosive eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius. The pumice fragments from the final phase of the Plinian fallout event of the Pomici di Avellino eruption contain abundant calcareous xenoliths. Previous work on that eruption, including numerical simulations, suggested that the release of CO2 from the entrapment of carbonates may have prolonged the magmatic phase of the eruption by maintaining sufficient driving pressure in the feeding dike. The texture and thermo-metamorphic reactions of carbonate xenolith-bearing pumice fragments of the Pomici di Avellino eruption are analyzed through petrography, scanning electron microscope images, energy dispersive spectrometer analyses, and micro-computed X-ray tomography to deduce the behavior of short-term carbonate-magma interaction and its contribution to the eruption dynamics. Results show that calcareous xenoliths experienced short-term magma-carbonate interaction, which took place in three steps: (i) entrainment, i.e., the mechanical process of carbonate xenoliths entrapment into a magma; (ii) decarbonation, related to high-temperature decomposition reaction of the xenoliths; and (iii) digestion or dissolution of the incorporated calcareous xenoliths into the melt with diffusion of Ca and Mg. The CO2 released during the syn-eruptive decarbonation process thus provided extra volatiles to the rising magma, which may have maintained magma buoyancy longer than expected if only magmatic volatiles were involved in the eruption.

Investigation of high internal phase water-in-oil emulsion on coal gasification fine slag flotation decarburization and its oil saving mechanism

Froth flotation stands as the preferred technique for the separation of charcoal and ash from coal gasification fine slag (CGFS). However, the presence of a well-developed pore structure and an abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of residual charcoal necessitates the use of substantial dosage of collectors during the flotation of CGFS. To address this, a high internal phase water-in-oil (HIP W/O) emulsion, with an internal phase water volume fraction of 85 %, was formulated for the flotation decarburization of CGFS, with the objective of reducing the collector dosage. The outcomes of flotation tests demonstrated that at dosages of 50 kg/t for kerosene and 15.04 kg/t for the organic liquid of the HIP W/O emulsion, both were capable of yielding tailings with an ash content exceeding 95 %. The results from Cryo-SEM and viscosity tests suggest that the high viscosity characteristics of the HIP W/O emulsion are primarily attributed to the compact arrangement of emulsion droplets and the active influence of emulsifiers at the oil–water interface. High-speed camera observations revealed that the HIP W/O emulsion droplets exhibited a tendency to disperse into bar-shaped flocs with larger particle sizes in water. This particular dispersion morphology is advantageous for enhancing the oil agglomeration flotation mechanism within the flotation decarburization process of CGFS. LF-NMR tests have further substantiated that the emulsion droplets are not readily absorbed by the microporous structure of the residual charcoal within the CGFS. Wettability tests and FTIR analyses have demonstrated that the hydrophobic modification of the residual charcoal surface, achieved through the HIP W/O emulsion, markedly surpasses that of conventional kerosene. The combination of these results indicates that the use of HIP W/O emulsion in the flotation decarbonization process of CGFS offers multiple benefits. It not only significantly reduces the dosage of organic collectors required, but also enhances the economic efficiency and effectiveness of the flotation process, presenting a novel reagent option for the decarbonization of CGFS.

In-situ formed silicon oxycarbide nanowires into porous SiC(rGO) PDCs enable balanced enhancement of robustness and thermal management

With ongoing development of rocket combustion and hypersonic vehicles, urgent needs are created on thermal structures, protection and thermal insulating materials, particularly balanced enhancement of mechanical and antioxidant properties. Herein, we propose a design strategy to construct continuous in-situ formed SiOC nanowires (SiOCnws)-toughened self-healing SiOx coatings into porous SiC(rGO) PDCs. The key production technique is re-pyrolyzing coassembled flexible precursors/SiC(rGO)p/graphite blends, followed by decarbonization and silica sol impregnation-sintering (SIS) process. Well-distributed hierarchical pores are built to heighten thermal insulation properties by the integrated decarburization of graphite coupled with free carbon. High-yield SiOCnws, with high surface activity, are first cultivated via graphite-assisted vapor-solid (VS) mechanism without transition metal catalysts. They interconnect to form intricate 3D meshwork by graphite-assisted melt-spinning and have good compatibility with ceramic matrix and SiOx coatings by carbothermal reaction. Hierarchically porous SiOCnws/SiC(rGO)40% PDCs after once SIS exhibit favorable thermal conductivity of 0.27 W‧m−1‧K−1 and exceptional high robustness (compressive strength: 39.02 MPa, hardness: 10.27 GPa). Such composites display low reflection loss of −48.14 dB at 11.22 GHz and even good structural stability at about 1300 °C as burned by a butane blowtorch for 3600 s, shedding light on competitive components for uses in thermal protection fields.

A review of Green hydrogen production and the obstacles to hydrogen green economy

The Energy sector, a significant contributor to greenhouse emissions due to its reliance on fossil energy sources, is on the brink of a significant transformation. However, there is hope on the horizon. Hydrogen is leading the charge in the energy industry's decarbonisation processes with its cleaner and more sustainable features. The adoption of Hydrogen could pave the way for a global energy transition towards a carbon-neutral society. Green Hydrogen, in particular, holds immense promise. It can facilitate the shift to clean and renewable energy while ensuring the reliability and sustainability of power grids, inspiring a sustainable and carbon-neutral future for the energy industry. Moreover, Hydrogen, with its potential to displace fossil fuels in various industries as an energy source, has sparked a growing demand for hydrogen supply chain management structures. This versatility is the recipe for economic development. However, there are significant obstacles to implementing a cleaner Hydrogen economy in Nigeria, such as the high production costs of green Hydrogen and the need for substantial development of specific technologies. This review article will delve into these obstacles and assess potential solutions.

Development of an algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to ecologically clean aviation fuel

The object of the study is the process of decarbonization of civil aviation by switching to environmentally friendly fuels, which is relevant for the majority of countries in the world seeking to reduce the carbon footprint of air transport. The study uses methods that comply with international standards, which allowed to draw conclusions applicable in a global context. Due to their features and characteristics, the results of the study made it possible to form a clear idea of the global industry program to reduce and offset carbon emissions, as well as to establish the level of readiness of the civil aviation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and related industries to switch to alternative types of aviation fuel. The constructed mathematical models of the dependence of the efficiency indicator Y (carbon footprint level) on a set of factor features Xi and made it possible to prove the presence of multicollinearity in the array of mutually independent factors affecting the efficiency indicator Y, as well as to prioritize them based on the strength of their influence on the size of the carbon footprint of air transportation. It is emphasized that the process of switching aviation to bio- and synthetic aviation fuel is complicated by the lack of a Strategy and related documents on the implementation of activities related to the transition of aviation to new generation fuels. The key points of constructing the algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to environmentally friendly fuel have been identified, which ensured the construction of its simulation model. The practical application of the proposed algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to new-generation fuel should become the fundamental basis for the formation of the country's Roadmap for the transition of aviation to SAF and LCAF

A ‘bridge’ pushed to the periphery?: Turkey’s geopolitical significance in the Asia-Pacific century

ABSTRACT This study scrutinizes the common wisdom concerning Turkey’s crucial geopolitical significance and central physical location against the backdrop of four global transformations that are taking place in the twenty-first century. These tectonic shifts include China’s rise and the ongoing Sino-US rivalry, trade routes and supply chains favoring the Asia-Pacific, technological changes brought by the fourth Industrial Revolution and finally, the decarbonization process. Based on an examination of these new dynamics, the article concludes that Turkey’s geographical location and its traditional ‘bridge’ status between Asia and Europe no longer provides it the strategic leverage it had enjoyed in the twentieth century.