Decade Of Behavior Research Articles

The Decade of Behavior Revisited

s of the 1st Biennial Conference of the Society for Ambulatory Assessment, Greifswald, Germany, June 25–28, 2009. Lengerich: Papst. Mehl, M. R., & Holleran, S. E. (2007). An empirical analysis of the obtrusiveness of and participants’ compliance with the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 248–257. Mehl, M. R., Vazire, S., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Slatcher, R. B., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2007). Are women really more talkative than men? Science, 317, 82. Reicherts, M., Salamin, V., Maggiori, C., & Pauls, K. (2007). The Learning Affect Monitor (LAM). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 268–277. Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. S. (1994). Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 199–202. Stone, A. A., Shiffman, S., Atienza, A. A., & Nebeling, L. (2007). The science of real-time data capture: Self-reports in health research. New York: Oxford University Press. Trull, T.J. & Ebner-Priemer, U.W. (2009). Using experience sampling methods/ecological momentary assessment (ESM/EMA) in clinical assessment and clinical research: Introduction to the Special Section. Psychological Assessment, 21, 457–462. Westmeyer, H. (2007). Introduction to the special issue on advances in the methodology of ambulatory assessment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 203–205. Wilhelm, P., & Schoebi, D. (2007). Assessing mood in daily life – Structural validity, sensitivity to change, and reliability of a short-scale to measure three basic dimensions of mood. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 258–267. Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Department of Applied Psychology Hertzstr. 16 D-76187 Karlsruhe Germany Tel. +49 721 608-4600 Fax +49 721 608-4633 E-mail ulrich.ebner-priemer@kit.edu U.W. Ebner-Priemer & T. Kubiak: Editorial 153 © 2010 Hogrefe & Huber Publishers European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2010; Vol. 26(3):151–153

Actions Can Speak as Loud as Words: Measuring Behavior in Psychological Science

AbstractIt has been argued that there is a growing trend in personality and social psychological science concerning the preference of self‐report measures over the use of direct observations of behavior for the outcome variables of interest. Augmenting the use of self‐reports with measures of behavior helps achieve methodological pluralism that allows researchers to triangulate on the phenomenon of interest and have increased confidence in understanding the phenomenon. To facilitate this process, we discuss a sample of social psychological and personality studies published during APA’s ‘Decade of Behavior’ that use straightforward and innovative ways of measuring behavioral outcome variables. Specifically, we identify three different strategies for incorporating behavior in a study: behavioral traces, behavioral observations, and behavioral choice. In each case, we show how measures of behavior complement self‐report measures. By making a conscientious effort to include more behavior measures in our research, we can broaden the appeal of psychological science by enhancing our understanding of the causes and antecedents of human behavior.

Silver Delivers Decade of Behavior Distinguished Lecture

Silver Delivers Decade of Behavior Distinguished Lecture

Psychology as the Science of Self-Reports and Finger Movements: Whatever Happened to Actual Behavior?

Psychology calls itself the science of behavior, and the American Psychological Association's current "Decade of Behavior" was intended to increase awareness and appreciation of this aspect of the science. Yet some psychological subdisciplines have never directly studied behavior, and studies on behavior are dwindling rapidly in other subdisciplines. We discuss the eclipse of behavior in personality and social psychology, in which direct observation of behavior has been increasingly supplanted by introspective self-reports, hypothetical scenarios, and questionnaire ratings. We advocate a renewed commitment to including direct observation of behavior whenever possible and in at least a healthy minority of research projects.

Behavior-based safety in industry: Realizing the large-scale potential of psychology to promote human welfare

In the spirit of giving psychology away in this “Decade of Behavior,” this article reviews the behavioral science approach to preventing workplace injuries, which is currently being applied successfully in numerous companies worldwide. Unlike the traditional command-and-control approach to occupational safety, behavior-based safety (BBS) provides tools and methods employees can use to take control of their own safety performance. The author offers strategies he and his colleagues have been using for more than a decade to teach BBS to safety leaders and line workers. In addition, two conceptual models are explained. One model suggests ways to match the awareness and behavior of an individual with a particular BBS intervention technique. The second model proposes that five psychological states or “establishing conditions” increase the probability a person will use the BBS tools and procedures to actively care for the safety and health of others.

Should Organizational Behavior Management Expand Its Content?

The American Psychological Association (APA) has defined the years 2000 to 2010 as the “Decade of Behavior,” and has been promoting this designation in convention materials, newsletters, media briefs, and professional publications. But APA seems to be avoiding the leading discipline in analyzing and changing behaviors in industrial settings-organizational behavior management (OBM). Furthermore, with only a few exceptions, OBM does not receive the attention it deserves in university psychology departments, including graduate programs in industrial/organizational (I/O) Psychology. This paper entertains reasons for the low and decreasing academic attention to OBM, and offers some possible solutions. It is proposed that OBM is generally discussed in overly simplistic terms; and unlike I/O Psychology, OBM does not draw on the wealth of relevant concepts and principles in other areas, especially cognitive and social psychology. Specific examples are given for expanding the typical boundaries of the OBM curriculum in order to improve organization-based interventions and realize greater opportunities to demonstrate the unique qualities of a behavior analysis approach to real-world problem solving.

Behavioral medicine and clinical health psychology: Introduction to the special issue, a view from the decade of behavior.

This collection of articles follows prior special issues on behavioral medicine published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in 1982 and 1992. From the vantage point of the Decade of Behavior, the field has grown in scope, depth of basic science foundations, and evidence of applied utility. Yet many challenges remain-especially in addressing a wide range of health problems across diverse populations and in a health care context characterized by rapid changes in technology and by a growing concern with costs and evidence-based practice.

Behavioral medicine and clinical health psychology: Introduction to the special issue, a view from the decade of behavior.

Behavioral medicine and clinical health psychology: Introduction to the special issue, a view from the decade of behavior.

Women's Sexual Health: The Need for Feminist Analyses in Public Health in the Decade of Behavior

Women's sexual health is directly affected by women's low status in society. This low status, and subsequent lack of sexual autonomy not only increases risk for sexual health problems, it also decreases ability to obtain treatment and support when a sexual health concern arises. This has clearly been demonstrated in the HIV epidemic within the U.S. Earlier in the epidemic, women were simply ignored by public health research and practice. Once they could no longer be ignored, they were blamed and viewed as vectors. Current seroprevalence rates among men reveal that women are not significant vectors. In contrast, rates among women indicate that infection from men is the primary mechanism by which women are contracting HIV, and male-controlled sexual decision-making, male partner violence against women, and histories of sexual assault all contribute to increased HIV risk for women. Once infected, women are not given the support and resources they need as mothers and caretakers of HIV-positive partners and/or children. These findings are especially true for marginalized women such as women of color, poor women, women addicted to alcohol or drugs, and women who exchange sex for drugs or money. Findings from this review demonstrate the need for feminist approaches in understanding and addressing this issue in the Decade of Behavior. Such approaches must include an understanding of the needs of diverse women. An empowerment approach is needed to better contend with the sexual health needs of women; this must include the goal of ensuring women's control of their own bodies.

Addressing Diversity in the Decade of Behavior: Focus on Women of Color

The Decade of Behavior provides an opportunity to reflect on the need for psychologists to develop a “diversity mindfulness” in their education, training, and research activities, a need that has never been more urgent. In this article, we focus on the lives of women of color to illustrate diversity-mindful feminist principles that may inform research and program development related to other aspects of diversity. We discuss perspectives and priorities of women of color in psychology. We consider why implementing feminist psychology's inclusive vision for research is a continuing struggle, particularly with regard to research on poor women, and identify some contributions and priorities of feminist research on women of color that relate to Decade goals of achieving a “safer, better educated, healthier, more democratic and more prosperous nation” (White, Travis, & Russo, 2001, p. 267). Understanding and incorporating perspectives of women of color in Decade activities is essential if researchers are to generate new knowledge “to prepare the world for facing emerging problems in the 21st century” (Decade of Behavior website: http://www.decadeofbehavior.org ).

Feminism and Health in the Decade of Behavior

National health data are presented to demonstrate that important issues of women's health are linked to inequality and to the generalized oppression of women. Health issues of violence, reproductive health, coronary health, and mental health are reviewed as they relate to women of color and diverse ethnicity as well as to women in general. Feminist principles are applied to these issues, pointing out inequalities in assessment, treatment and access to care, bias in research and lack of research on topics particularly relevant to women and minorities, and limitations in the education and training of health care providers. It is imperative that these problems, which are not solely biological, be addressed in light of systems-level analysis that includes a feminist lens. Guided by feminist principles and sensibilities, the relevance of behavioral and social science is outlined for research, training, assessment, intervention, evaluation, and overall social change.

Decade of Behavior Follows the Decade of the Brain

Decade of Behavior Follows the Decade of the Brain

APSA Participates in Decade of Behavior

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Quo vadis psychologia Europaea

Quo vadis psychologia Europaea

Celebrating the decade of behavior: introduction to special issue.

This special issue represents a joint effort by the journal Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology and the American Psychological Association's Division of Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse to celebrate the "Decade of Behavior: 2000-2100" initiative. The Decade of Behavior initiative seeks to underscore the importance of behavioral science to broadening understanding and offering solutions to many of society's most challenging problems. Contained in this special issue are commentaries by 3 Institute directors from the National Institutes of Health, 4 excellent critical reviews of various aspects of contemporary psychopharmacology research, and a series of 9 excellent original research reports. This series of articles bodes well for the health of psychopharmacology and substance abuse research and offers a fitting salute to this important initiative.

The decade of behavior.

The decade of behavior.

A Master's program in Applied Behavior Analysis: Contingencies for initiation and maintenance.

We describe a Master's program in Applied Behavior Analysis that involves collaboration between an academic graduate program in psychology and the departments of an institution dedicated to the delivery of behavioral services: in this instance, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The launching of a new program and its subsequent maintenance involves a variety of contingencies, both academic and professional. This paper discusses a few of them, and demonstrates how quickly and effectively progress can be made when compatible and reciprocal contingencies of support are identified for all of the various participants in a program. As we enter the Decade of Behavior, we hope this program will provide a source of more practitioners of applied behavior analysis, so sorely needed to meet the growing demand for our demonstrably successful interventions. ********** One hallmark of behavior analysis and one source of its success in interventions is its recognition of multiple causation in the determination of complex behavior. Multiple causation operates, for example, in verbal behavior, as when the order that someone places at a fast food restaurant is simultaneously determined by many different variables: the person behind the counter as an audience, the menu as an occasion for textual behavior, the food visible in pictures and on the trays of other customers as an occasion for tacting, the overheard orders of other customers as an occasion for echoic behavior, the factors that make the food to be ordered reinforcing as establishing operations, and so on. When many variables that each occasion the same verbal response come together at one time, the verbal behavior that follows may be virtually inevitable. It is no surprise that many causes also enter into institutional behavior, and because much of our own activity as behavior analysts occurs in institutional settings, it may be useful to explore the multiple causation that may be involved in the creation and maintenance of behavior analytic programs. History It is difficult to pinpoint just when discussions began about a possible collaborative program involving the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) and the Kennedy Krieger Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (KKI); they may go back two decades or more. Some of the more recent and key administrative discussions (within the past five years) involved A. Charles Catania at UMBC, the chair of the Department of Behavioral Psychology at KKI, Michael F. Cataldo, and the chair of the UMBC Department of Psychology, Carlo DiClemente. Once agreement had been reached about the desirability and feasibility of the program and the nature of its administration, Wayne W. Fisher and A. Charles Catania undertook the implementation of the program, with special attention to design of courses and professional training. The mutual interests of all participants quickly became evident. They included but were not limited to the following: The growing field of applied behavior analysis called for more well-trained practitioners; the UMBC administration wanted to expand the enrollment of graduate students, especially at the Master's level; and, the behavior analysts at KKI needed more qualified people to staff inpatient treatment units and wanted more opportunities to interact with students of behavior analysis. The collaborative program was approved by the UMBC Department of Psychology during the 1997-1998 academic year, and the call for applications went out late in Spring 1998 with a July 1 deadline. Under those circumstances, the numbers were of course too small to really constitute a class, and a couple of students who were unable to complete applications in time were provisionally admitted to course work as special students. More standardized application procedures brought in four more students in the 1999-2000 academic year (including one student from Iceland) and six more in the current (2000-2001) academic year. …

Celebrating the decade of behavior: Introduction to special issue.

Celebrating the decade of behavior: Introduction to special issue.

Next, the Decade of Behavior?

Next, the Decade of Behavior?

Relating to Privilege: Seduction and Rejection in the Subordination of White Women and Women of Color

Dans le cadre de la hierarchie sociale aux Etats-Unis, prenant en compte les facteurs de classe, d'ethnicite, de race, et de sexe, etude des relations entre femmes blanches ou de couleur et homme blancs, et de l'impact de ces relations sur le mouvement feministe blanc et de couleur