Decadal Growth Rate Research Articles

Incidence of Kawasaki disease among children in Chandigarh, India during 2015–2019: a trend analysis

Only limited information exists regarding the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) in low-income and middle-income countries. The present study provides the incidence of KD during 2015-2019 in Chandigarh, north India. Our centre follows the largest KD cohort in India. Children with KD at Chandigarh diagnosed during January 2015-December 2019 were enrolled in the study. Annual incidence rates were determined using decadal growth rates of the National Census 2011. We computed the incidence of KD in children aged <5, and <15 years. We also undertook linear trend analysis using our incidence data from 1994 to2019. During 2015-2019, 83 patients (66 males, 17 females) were diagnosed with KD in Chandigarh. Incidence rates during these 5 years were 5.64, 9.25, 9.11, 9.87, and 9.72/100,000 in children aged <5 years, and 2.65, 4.44, 3.86, 5.07, 4.74/100,000 in children aged <15 years. The median age at diagnosis was 48 months (range: 12 days to 15 years). Compared to previous data (2009-2014), there was a 53.1% increase in annual incidence of KD in children aged <5 years, and a 53.7% increase in children aged <15 years. Coronary artery abnormalities during acute phase were noted in 16.9%, and in 7.2% of patients at 6 weeks of follow-up. The trend analysis indicated a monthly rise of 0.002 cases per 100,000 children aged <5 years, and 0.0165 cases per 100,000 children aged <15 years. The incidence of KD has continued to show an upward trend in Chandigarh over the period 2015-2019. This may indicate a true rise in the occurrence of KD or may reflect better disease ascertainment as a result of greater awareness about KD amongst healthcare professionals. None.

The Totos of India: Socioeconomic and Demographic Structure of a Particularly Vulnerable Tribe

Background: Indigenous populations are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the macroeconomic population. Due to poor social connections, the level of education, socioeconomic advancement, and sickness risk of the tribal population of India were affected. Thus, indigenous cultures are more susceptible to COVID-19. The present research aims to explore the population structure, socio-economic condition, and COVID-19 vaccination status among the Toto population of Alipurduar, West Bengal. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design to collect household data among the Totos (PVTG), a vanishing sub-Himalayan population. The entire Toto community, comprising 294 households with 1374 individuals, was covered in Totopara. Data were collected through a pre-tested, semi-structured schedule and analyzed using Stata 14. Results: Demographic analysis has revealed a sharp decline in the sex ratio and decadal growth rate compared to the 2011 census. From the multiple logistic regression, it has been found that unmarried people were less likely to get fully vaccinated compared to married individuals. The employed population was 1.97 times more fully vaccinated compared to unemployed individuals. Similarly, smartphone non-users were less likely to get fully vaccinated and partially vaccinated compared to those individuals who do possess smartphones (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, inactive government initiatives, low fertility, a lack of community involvement, and the policy inactivity of local institutions are the main causes of negative decadal growth. It is believed that participatory implementation is essential to improving awareness of neglect as well as the acceptance rate of public health care services.

Trend Analysis of Literacy and Gender Gap in Aligarh District of Uttar Pradesh

When you teach a man, you only educate one person; when you educate a woman, you educate a whole nation. Literacy is one of the most crucial abilities for personal and cultural growth and development, thus critical to India's socio-economic development. Because of the rapid changes in society and the economy, the value of literacy has grown in the modern world. Literacy gender disparities are a barrier in almost every undeveloped and developing country across the globe. While India has made every effort to ensure sex disparity in literacy is brought down as overall literacy levels increase year after year, to be reported every time a census is conducted, several aspects demand attention to date. However, a significant disparity based on gender has been seen in India at 16.27 percent, as per the 2011 census. This paper endeavors to study these complex issues and their dynamics in light of trends in literacy emerging in Aligarh District at the block level over the census conducted in 2001 and 2011. An attempt has been made to analyze changes in literacy patterns, decadal growth rates, and the gender gap in literacy in Aligarh district. This study is entirely based on secondary data collected from different sources, i.e., District Statistical Handbooks, Census of India, and statistical abstract. The literacy rate in the Aligarh district is 67.85 percent, and the female literacy rate is only 61.27 percent compared to the male literacy rate, i.e., 73.73 percent. Statistical techniques used in the analysis are simple percentages and the location quotient technique used to analyze the concentration of female literacy. ArcGIS 10.5 software is used to prepare maps. In this study, it has been found that there is a wide gender disparity in Aligarh District, which is 12.46 percent, whereas it is highest in Tappal and lowest in Lodha at the block level.

Integrated geospatial database design for land use pattern analysis and its impact on local governance: A case study of Manesar Urban Complex, Gurugram, India

The absence of an integrated geospatial database hinders effective decision-making among various stakeholders in national projects and programs. The study aimed to create an integrated geospatial database for the Manesar tehsil, District Gurugram, Haryana. Another objective was to create a land use map to analyze the temporal change in land use patterns and its socioeconomic impact along the surrounding areas. The first stage of the study involved creating an integrated database after interviewing different stakeholders. In the second stage, the satellite imagery was georeferenced using Ground Control Points, and the land use patterns were digitized using Landsat imagery for 1987, 2011, 2014, and 2022. The study suggested that the construction area has grown up to 6% while cultivation has dropped significantly from 76% in 1987 to 50% in 2022. Likewise, the industrial area has grown up to 2% and natural vegetation dropped in coverage from 11% to 4%. The area witnessed a population growth rate of 3.2% per year and a decadal growth rate of 39.7%. Less than 50% of the land in the tehsil is used for agricultural purposes. It estimates that 4% of the tehsil's entire surface was covered by natural vegetation in 2019, down from 11% in 1987. The study recommends the creation of an integrated geospatial database that will help reduce duplication and speed up decision-making in government. This will pave the way for improving e-governance in local bodies. The framework created for developing the database system is universally applicable and can be used appropriately by other states, regions, and the entire country.

STATUS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITY IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

Persons with disabilities are among the most marginalized and overlooked groups worldwide, with limited opportunities for social and economic progress (as noted by Amartya Sen and James D. Wolfensohn in 2014). It is important to recognize that individuals with disabilities are not a homogenous entity; rather, they encompass a diverse range of disability types, each with its unique challenges and requirements for specialized care and support, as pointed out by (Leni Chaudhuri in 2006). India, in particular, has a substantial population of individuals with disabilities. According to the 2011 Census of India, this demographic accounted for approximately 26.8 million people, constituting 2.21 percent of the countrys total population. In this backdrop the present study has objectives are to know the growth rate of disabled population in across the states in India; to study the educational status of persons with disability in different states in India; to examine the work participation rate of disabled population in across the states in India and lastly, to offer policy suggestions for upliftment of the disabled persons in india.The study is based on purely secondary data. the data collected from different sources like Census of India 2011 and https://disabilityaffairs.gov.in. the study has also used simple statistical tools such as percentage, decadal growth rate and rank for the analyses.the study observes significant variations in the trends of the disabled population growth in different states of India. The overall data reflects the combined figures for both literate and illiterate disabled individuals and mirrors the gender and urban-rural disparities observed in the subgroups.the disparity in literacy rates between disabled and non-disabled populations in different states and union territories.the study found that the disabled males have a significantly higher work participation rate compared to disabled females, regardless of whether they live in rural or urban areas. Rural areas have a slightly higher work participation rate among disabled individuals than urban areas. The study suggested that to develop and implement gender-sensitive policies and programs to address the gender disparities in disability rates in India level; To focus on inclusive education programs to reduce illiteracy rates among disabled individuals, with a particular emphasis on rural areas in India and to promote inclusive employment opportunities, especially for disabled females, to reduce gender disparities in workforce participation. KEYWORDS: Disability, Educational Attainment, Growth Rate, Districts, States.

Is India Moving Away from Coarse Cereals? Examining Evidence from Trends in Rice, Wheat and Coarse Cereals

India’s agricultural production of cereals since the 1950s mainly comprises of rice, wheat and coarse cereals. Data shows that coarse cereals despite having maximum area under cultivation post independence and a high growth rate of production, have registered a declining trend in the recent decades. With global warming becoming a threat to monsoon- dependent grains like rice and wheat, India needs to start focusing more on coarse cereals. They are not only climate resilient using one-third the amount of water as compared to rice and wheat, but are also nutritionally superior to these grains. Data analysis for top five rice, wheat and coarse cereal producing states show that the decadal growth rates and yield per hectare have been declining for rice and wheat. Detailed inter-state comparisons are done to evaluate various aspects of these foodgrains. Finally, a fixed effects regression model is estimated to analyze the effect of area, annual rainfall, fertilizer consumption and MSP on the productivity of coarse and fine cereals, results show coarse cereals to be less dependent on rainfall and fertilizer use.

Impact of state indifference on ethnolinguistic vitality

This paper reports on ethnolinguistic vitality and the impact of state indifference on it among Baltis of Kargil in Ladakh division of former Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K) state in India. The Baltis of Kargil have registered a negative population growth over last three consecutive decades in official records even when the population of district Kargil and former J&amp;K state has been increasing substantially during the period. From 48,498 individuals in 1981, the group has been reduced to 13,774 individuals in 2011. Surprisingly the Purigpa, another ethnic group in Kargil closely related to the Baltis, have registered a substantial decadal growth rate of 114% from 2001 to 2011. Using the cultural autonomy model of ethnolinguistic vitality, the study found the group to be moderately strong in collective group identity and strong in social proximity, however a weak institutional control and a very weak ideological legitimacy reflected in a huge decrease in population of the group in official records is indicative of state indifference, which has weakened the vitality of the group.

Characterizing land transformation and densification using urban sprawl metrics in the South Bengal region of India

The impacts of uncontrolled development may be catastrophic in areas experiencing fast population expansion and climatic variability, so the South Bengal Region, adjacent to Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), is facing similar threats. It is essential to monitor such Land use and land cover changes (LULC) in a rapidly urbanizing country like India for long-term and efficient resource management. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used in this study to examine LULC dynamics in the South 24 Parganas district of the South Bengal Region during the past 30 years (1991-2021). Indices for urban sprawl monitoring, including patch size, density and growth, were determined statistically to analyze the urban typologies. It has also derived decadal growth rate and expansion efficiency metrics to assess the rate of changing peri-urban scenarios along the South 24 Parganas district. This research helps evaluate the quantitative aspects of urban expansion observed in eco-sensitive and cyclone-prone regions in the context of developing nations. It also helps to design guidelines based on the issues resulting from unsustainable urban sprawl. This study's findings depict substantial growth in population and built-up densities of immediate peri-urban areas to the core city by 70% at the expense of green and blue spaces.

Pesticide Consumption Trends in India

Aims: The main aim of this study is to examine the growth rate of consumption of pesticides in India and Tamil Nadu.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out using the time series data on pesticide consumption collected from secondary sources from 1990 to 2020 for India and for Tamil Nadu, the data were collected from 2011 to 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: The compound annual growth rate is used to calculate the growth rate of consumption of pesticides. The data is segmented for every 10 years and decadal growth rate was also examined.&#x0D; Results: The overall compound annual growth rate of pesticide consumption is negative(-0.44 per cent) and the decadal average was found to be -5.27%, -0.73% and 1.81% for the decades 1990-2000, 2001-2010 and 2011-2020 respectively for India. The growth rate for different types of pesticides was found to be declining (-2.26 per cent) for insecticides, however it is increasing for fungicides (2.65 per cent) and herbicides (0.99 per cent). CAGR indicates that there is no change in growth of pesticide consumption in Tamil Nadu.&#x0D; Conclusion: The trend in the pesticide use has been decreasing over the period and it shows that the total quantity of pesticides used in the country has been continuously decreasing which is a healthy sign for the environment. It may due to increase in the area of organic farming, practices like IPM and increase in the use of biopesticides.

Comparing COVID-19 mortality across selected states in India: The role of age structure

BackgroundMortality rates provide an opportunity to identify and act on the health system intervention for preventing deaths. Hence, it is essential to appreciate the influence of age structure while reporting mortality for a better summary of the magnitude of the epidemic. ObjectivesWe described and compared the pattern of COVID-19 mortality standardized by age between selected states and India from January to November 2020. MethodsWe initially estimated the Indian population for 2020 using the decadal growth rate from the previous census (2011). This was followed by estimations of crude and age-adjusted mortality rate per million for India and the selected states. We used this information to perform indirect-standardization and derive the age-standardized mortality rates for the states for comparison. In addition, we derived a ratio for age-standardized mortality to compare across age groups within the state. We extracted information regarding COVID-19 deaths from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme special surveillance portal up to November 16, 2020. ResultsThe crude mortality rate of India stands at 88.9 per million population (118,883/1,337,328,910). Age-adjusted mortality rate (per-million) was highest for Delhi (300.5) and lowest for Kerala (35.9). The age-standardized mortality rate (per million) for India is (<15 years = 1.6, 15–29 years = 6.3, 30–44 years = 35.9, 45–59 years = 198.8, 60–74 years = 571.2, ≥75 years = 931.6). The ratios for age-standardized mortality increase proportionately from 45 to 59 years age group across all the states. ConclusionThere is high COVID-19 mortality not only among the elderly ages, but we also identified heavy impact of COVID-19 on the working population. Therefore, we recommend further evaluation of age-adjusted mortality for all States and inclusion of variables like gender, socio-economic status for standardization while identifying at-risk populations and implementing priority public health actions.

Importance of Plants in Subsistence of Bhil Tribe

Bhil are the largest ethnic group of India which are mainly found on Gujrat border, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. There are two sub categories of Bhil tribe Ujaliya / Kshatriya Bhil, which are basically considered Kshatriya who went in to the forests at the time of Mughal invasion. While second one is Langot Bhil, they are the original Bhil’s living in the forests, their customs are still old and mainly live in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. According to the census of India, the country had a tribal population of 3 crores in the year 1961 which increased to 10.42 crore in the 2011 census, and which has a decadal growth rate of 23.7%. Current report is based on various surveys of southern Rajasthan to explore their thrift on basis of, culture, customs and their dependency on plants for livelihood that if they are “van putra” then how forests and their products are important for their subsistence. Present investigation has been done during march 2018 to march 2020 and investigators have visited Southern Rajasthan tribal festivals and their local weekly market ‘haat’ to observe their economic securities through forest product as these tribes comes in local markets or in festivals with their unique products to sell them and get some financial security from urban, semi urban or village areas.

Original

In response to the changes in the human and natural environment, developing countries have experienced dramatic urbanization. In this paper, North 24 Parganas district has been taken to understand the changing pattern and the causes of urbanization, its relationship with socio-economic development. The urbanization process has been analyzed for the period 1951-2011 of all the 22 Blocks using the Census of India data. The decadal growth rate of urban population and urban centers are analyzed to study the trend pattern of urbanization. The trend of urbanization in the district shows a different pattern than in the state. Though the share of the urban population and the number of urban centers in the district are the highest in the state, the growth rate of the urban population shows a declining trend. At the Block level, the spatial and temporal pattern of urbanization in the district is highly variable due to socio-economic disparity. The western part of the district shows highly urbanized due to its proximity to the agglomeration and outgrowth of the Kolkata metropolitan Centre.

The Land Use Pattern of National Capital Region Delhi Using Geo-informatics

This paper presents the identified four satellite towns around Delhi mega city, namely Gurgaon, Ghaziabad and Gautam Budh Nagar included Noida and Greater Noida, which are well populated and connected with urban core Delhi. Furthermore, the population growth and its impact on Land Use Changes of Delhi and its surrounding towns were considered for the study. The rates of growth of these cities were analyzed through census and multi temporal high-resolution satellite data. The decadal growth rate of Delhi and Gurgaon was more than 50 per cent during 1941-81, and 26.83 and 44.25 in 2011. Similarly in Ghaziabad it was more than 60 per cent during 1951-2011 whereas the Gautam Budh Nagar, shows the rapid growth, 237.10, 269.10, 80.80 and 116.70 during 1981-2011. The impact of this growth has shown in the form of land use changes. The built-up land increased by 8.10 km2 per annum in Delhi, 0.92 km2 in Gurgaon, 4.80 km2 in Ghaziabad and 13.03 km2 in Gautam Budh Nagar whereas, the agricultural land, decline by 7.35 km2, 0.86 km2, 5.45 km2 and 11.60 km2 per annum in this cities. The decadal rate of population growth and land use changes is higher in Gautam Budh Nagar, followed by Delhi, Ghaziabad and Gurgaon. The findings of this study would provide insight to the planners and policy makers for the management of urban land in the field of growth related problems of the city regions.

Global sustainability, innovation and governance dynamics of national smart electricity meter transitions

Smart electricity meters are a central feature of any future smart grid, and therefore represent a rapid and significant household energy transition, growing by our calculations from less than 23.5 million smart meters in 2010 to an estimated 729.1 million in 2019, a decadal growth rate of 3013%. What are the varying economic, governance, and energy and climate sustainability aspects associated with the diffusion of smart meters for electricity? What lessons can be learned from the ongoing rollouts of smart meters around the world? Based on an original dataset twice as comprehensive as the current state of the art, this study examines smart meter deployment across 41 national programs and 61 subnational programs that collectively target 1.49 billion installations involving 47 countries. In addition to rates of adoption and the relative influence of factors such as technology costs, we examine adoption requirements, modes of information provision, patterns of incumbency and management, behavioral changes and energy savings, emissions reductions, policies, and links to other low-carbon transitions such as energy efficiency or renewable energy. We identify numerous weak spots in the literature, notably the lack of harmonized datasets as well as inconsistent scope and quality within national cost-benefit analyses of smart meter programs. Most smart meters have a lifetime of only 20 years, leading to future challenges concerning repair, care, and waste. National-scale programs (notably China) account for a far larger number of installations than subnational ones, and national scale programs also install smart meters more affordably, i.e. with lower general costs. Finally, the transformative effect of smart meters may be oversold, and we find that smart electricity meters are a technology that is complementary, rather than disruptive or transformative, one that largely does not challenge the dominant practices and roles of electricity suppliers, firms, or network operators.

Dynamics of Urbanization and Land Use/Land Cover Changes of Gurgaon, Ranchi and Jaipur, India

This paper is focused on a set of three growing cities of India namely Gurgaon, Ranchi and Jaipur, for the analyses of population growth and land use changes of the past four decades. For this purpose the census data and multi temporal satellite data and GIS software used. The decadal growth rates of the population in these cities are 44.25, 23.98 and 53.16 per cent in 2011. The effect of this growth has shown in the form of land use changes. The built-up land has increased by 1.84 km2, 2 km2, 4.5 km2 per annum, whereas agricultural land declined by 1.75 km2, 1.93 km2, and 4.52 km2 per annum in these cities. The findings of land use land cover and it spatial relationship between the changes of different classes are critical for understanding the past patterns and the consequences of urban growth so as to inform future insight to the planners, policy makers, risk management and conservation strategies for growth related problems.

Challenges in Indian Agriculture

Agriculture plays a central role in the economic development of a country. The population of India is expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050 with a current decadal growth rate of ~ 18%. The review paper is written to highlight the current and future challenges facing the agriculture sector in India. There are various challenges that affect the Indian economy such as food security, soil quality deterioration, water scarcity, lack of proper food storage structures, land degradation etc. Recent pandemic situation has affected the agricultural sectors, will lends to the major changes in the future, which needs to be discussed and planned to meet the future requirements.

Nature, trend and determinants of agricultural labour migration in Karnataka

The present paper intends to examine the nature, trend and determinants of Agricultural labour migration in Raichur and Yadgir districts of Karnataka. The results revealed that the majority of population were inter district migrants with the highest decadal growth rate of 68.53 per cent. And it has also used latest census 2011 data and made compared with previous census report of 2001, revealed that highest per cent of migration was in rural as compared to urban area. The most of the labourers in irrigated situation migrated near village and within the district but in rainfed situation, labour migration to other districts was relatively high. In both the situation majority of labourers migrated permentally and the frequency was highest (62.5%) in rainfed situation. The elasticity coefficients for wage rate, land holding, family size and indebtedness were significantly influencing the migration in the study area.

Recent Growth and Expansion of Birch Shrubs Across a Low Arctic Landscape in Continental Canada: Are These Responses More a Consequence of the Severely Declining Caribou Herd than of Climate Warming?

The recent widespread expansion of deciduous shrubs across much of the Arctic has been largely attributed to climate warming. This study investigated decadal growth rates of dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) across a low Arctic landscape in the continental interior of Canada. Detailed birch cover (100 m2 replicate plots) and individual shrub stature measurement datasets for five representative habitat-types were compared between 2006 and 2016, and evaluated in relation to environmental characteristics. Furthermore, dendrochronologically-based annual growth rates were assessed in relation to the 20-year climate record. Birch height, lateral dimensions, and patch groundcover all increased 20–25% relative to 2006 values, but these increases were similar among the habitat-types. Together, the limited evidence of recent warming at this site, the absence of significant habitat-type growth rate differences, and the lack of correlation between annual climate and stem secondary growth strongly suggest that climate change was not the principal cause. Instead, we propose that release from caribou impacts following the recent severe herd decline may explain the net shrub growth. Individual shrub growth rates were correlated with soil nutrient availability, but the latter was highly variable, suggesting that growth rates are primarily determined by fine-scale rather than habitat-scale spatial heterogeneity in nutrient supply. Together, our results demonstrate that birch growth has been enhanced across a variety of habitat-types in the Daring Lake landscape over the decade since 2006, and suggest that the recent severe caribou herd declines may be at least as significant as climate warming in driving birch shrub expansion in the Canadian central low Arctic.

A spatio-temporal analysis of population growth, distribution and density in kurseong town, Darjeeling district, West Bengal

The assessment of the relative potentiality of an area for its economic growth is possible through its study on spatial-temporal analysis of population growth, distribution and density of population. As human population, a powerful geographical factor on the earth’s surface, determines the economic pattern of resource utilisation, the measurement and forecasting of changes in population is of utmost necessity for the task of providing food, medical and educational facilities, employment, housing etc. for the increasing population of an area. The paper focuses on the basic nature and characteristics of population growth, distribution and density of Kurseong Town. Kurseong, being a sub-divisional headquarter has experienced a sizable population growth in the last few decades. The purpose of the study is to highlight the trends of population growth and analyse the distribution and density of population as well as to predict the expected future population of Kurseong Town. The source of information regarding population has been procured from Directorate of Census Operation, Government of India, Darjiling. Different statistical techniques such as decadal growth rate, index of population growth, population projection etc. have been used for the present analysis. It has been observed that the town experienced a positive growth of population, though at a slow pace in some of the decades. The population of the town is unevenly distributed in different wards and is not always proportional to the ward area. Population projection reveals that there will be a sizable increase in present population size in the near future.

Worldwide research output trends on drinking and driving from 1956 to 2015

This study seeks to analyze worldwide research activity on drinking and driving of macro-actors (countries and research fields) and meso-actors (institutions, journals, articles, co-substance(s) studied) during the last 6 decades (between 1956 and 2015). Web of Science and Elsevier Scopus were searched using terms referred to drinking and driving, including terms related to vehicles and way spaces. Overlapping was excluded and absence of false positives was confirmed. Articles on alcohol with/without other psychoactive substances were assessed quantitatively (bibliometric measures). Well identified by All Science Journal Classification system (ASJC) (Elsevier Scopus), an increase in the number of articles through the 6 decades analyzed was observed, from 152 (1956–1965) to 2302 (2006–2015), which represent an average decadal growth rate (ADGR) of 72.21. Among 89 countries, United States of America published 37.62 % out of all the included articles. Nevertheless, institutions from Canada, European Union and Australia published 50 articles or more during 60 years. The publications were mostly welcomed by journals on substance abuse research, and an exponential increase in publications on combined use of alcohol and other driving-impairing substances was observed since the second half of the eighties. This is the first study that attempted an analysis of scientific production of macro- and meso-actors on a topic belonging to an intricate research area. Bibliometric analyses should be considered as an important tool for updating the evidence on the serious problem of driving under the influence (DUI). The awareness of policy makers and the other relevant actors involved in the control of DUI of alcohol and other substances is stressed.