Dead Shark Research Articles

Conservation of thresher shark (Family: Alopiidae) in South‐west Aceh

Conservation of thresher shark (Family: Alopiidae) in South‐west Aceh

From Extermination to Conservation: Historical Records of Shark Presence during the Early and Development Phase of the Greek Fishery.

The lack of historical data on shark presence, distribution, and status in the Eastern Mediterranean undermines efforts to manage and protect their populations. An exhaustive review of anecdotal references related to shark presence during the early and development phase of Greek fisheries (1883-1983) was conducted. In the early-20th century (1912), the first sighting of the presence of a dead shark was reported in the Ionian Sea. Later on, the presence of sharks gradually increased up to 1969, with most records being more frequent for the Aegean Sea, whereas the number of sharks being sighted declined leading up to the middle of 1980s. The increase in shark attacks during the mid-20th century led to a calling for culling of sharks in co-operation with the competent authorities promoting the permission to hunt sharks with firearms and offering rewards for killed individuals. A high number of these observations potentially resulted from shark attacks on people, whereas this is not currently evident. This is an indicator of the lower abundance of sharks in modern times and subsequently an alteration in the way that our current modern society is approaching the protection of such vulnerable species.

Dead Shark on the N Train by Susana H. Case

Reviewed by: Dead Shark on the N Train by Susana H. Case Margot Farrington (bio) dead shark on the n train Susana H. Case Broadstone Books https://www.broadstonebooks.com/shop/p/dead-shark-on-the-n-train-poetry-by-susana-h-case 96 pages; Print, $22.50 “I know / that to be my own salvation / I have to get down from the mountain / before dark.” Within this line, will and wisdom commingle. Whatever impediments lie in wait, whatever the threats of oncoming darkness, the assertion both haunts and comforts. The speaker grasps her dilemma, steels herself to survive. She’s a tourist, encountered in the poem “No Direction Home.” Her declaration is key. The poems of this book pursue Hamlet’s “To be or not to be,” in quiet asides or in full cry. Susana Case reveals women and men scuffling and striving—all the ways they get on, or how they suddenly don’t. Her speakers hail from every corner to confront themselves and others. Case depicts teenagers waiting out adolescence, women braving medical tests, students frantically trying to shelter from gunmen. In ample display, we also find people felled by their own poor choices. She writes of marginalized populations, and at times of incarcerated artists—including some who pace the prisons that societal pressures have thrust upon them. Her view is global, her sensibility attuned to justice’s derailments and restorations. The poems swing through decades smoothly to reveal our wayward progress. Some stringently remind us we’ve only turned in circles. “Women have less / the higher I go” remarks that same tourist—hiking, as it were, the jewelry trail, noting that wealthier women living lower down are [End Page 143] adorned with gold, while poorer women on the mountain heights wear single jewels of glass. We’re given economic insight of Pokhara, Nepal, and a clever link with the following poem, in which Maria Callas reviews her love life. She too, has less, even though she has ascended: diva undone by a romantic rival even more famous. What women suffer and transcend resounds throughout this book. Three sections unite Dead Shark on the N Train. The first opens with “Living Dolls,” where women, objectified, rebel against divisions wrought by gender and other causes. At times, humor provides the heart with refuge, as it does in “Monongahela, 1980.” Two women, one man, and three sleeping bags (twice rearranged) leave us to speculate. The speaker resents the theft of her man by the second woman, but intuits his plan to enjoy them both. She rescues herself, then, with plucky philosophical response: “They say not to travel / with anything too showy / if you don’t want it taken from you.” Despite her decision to reject him, she must still extricate herself. It may not be over, not yet, in this wood reached by photocopied map, its destination marked with a heart, where dulcimer music drifts from the teepee camp. She may waver with this man with whom she has “evolved.” Case evokes an experience of youthful folly—the ways women feel their way forward when expectations collapse. In “Radiance” this collapse brings on surrender—painful consequences be damned. The poem begins musingly, with the baring of a breast, and with thoughts adrift in the sciences (thermodynamics, geography) before dissolving from passion’s rush, “the brushing of surface / that makes heat possible / pleasure, a million tears.” It concludes with a plea and a fierce imperative: “Lie with me, lie to me / until your tongue burns.” Betrayal, denial, and persistence don boxing gloves, while “a million tears” seems exactly the right number. “Radiance” strongly suggests a woman’s forties, when beginnings new and potentially disastrous ensue. The poem extends celebration and warning simultaneously, pouring out thrill and chance taking. Frances Glessner Lee became an artist through her crime scene dioramas, so accurate they gained use as forensic teaching tools. “Crime Scenes,” the second section, offers an ekphrastic sequence of poems, inspired by this woman who broke boundaries in police work, where Lee’s mode of reconstructing murders to solve them made her the equal of male detectives. Fourteen poems, augmented with photos of the dioramas, guide us through the [End Page...

Demon Monsters or Misunderstood Casualties?

Demon Monsters or Misunderstood Casualties?

The Line Tender by Kate Allen

Reviewed by: The Line Tender by Kate Allen Deborah Stevenson Allen, Kate The Line Tender. Dutton, 2019 [384p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-7352-3160-3 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-7352-3162-7 $10.99 Reviewed from galleys R* Gr. 5-8 Lucy misses her mother, the shark biologist, who died five years ago, but she's got her quiet father, kind neighbors in her small coastal Massachusetts town, and her longterm best friend, Fred. When Fred dies in a tragic drowning incident, twelve-year-old Lucy is devastated; she's lost her confidant, the easy relationship with his lively family, who lives next door, and the possibility that she and Fred might have been more than friends. A talented artist, she continues to work on the field guide to local animals they were completing together, and she becomes interested in the shark sightings in the area and her mother's research, which brings her closer to both Fred (a keen young naturalist) and her mother. Allen writes with tenderness and confidence, effectively creating the world of Lucy's 1990s town and her close circle of neighbors; Lucy's experience with layered grief is authentic in its spikes of pain and rage and the softer moments of confusion. The pace is thoughtful and unhurried, but the short chapters, each preceded by a pencil sketch of a different kind of shark, keep the interest high. The shark science is a fascinating element in its own right as well as providing metaphoric opportunities for the human story ("Looking at a dead shark will tell us something about the ones that are still alive," says a scientist). It's a classic life-affirming weeper, and readers will pick up some respect for sharks along the sniffling way. DS Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Decay as a defense against sharks and venom evolution in Australian snakes

Scaring sharks with chemistry By day, Eric Stroud was a research chemist for Pfizer and, later, a pharmaceutical industry consultant. But at night, he would hunker down in his New Jersey basement around children’s plastic swimming pools filled with small sharks, pursuing his real passion: chemical shark repellents. Pharma “paid the bills while I indulged in this hobby, which became a small, part-time business. Then it became a full-time business,” remembers Stroud, cofounder of shark repellent developer SharkDefense. His obsession started in 2001 on a cruise, when Stroud’s wife innocently asked him why there wasn’t a repellent for sharks. That led him down a rabbit hole of research into the long, unsuccessful history of chemical shark repellents. Stroud was especially interested in the idea that there is a chemical signal from dead sharks that repels live ones. In reports that date as far back as the 1700s, fishermen have hung

Dead Shark at New Beach, and: Famine Ships, and: Boletes in September

Dead Shark at New Beach, and: Famine Ships, and: Boletes in September

Business partner or simple catch? The economic value of the sicklefin lemon shark in French Polynesia

Most arguments invoked so far by the scientific community in favour of shark conservation rely on the ecological importance of sharks, and have little impact on management policies. During a 57-month study, we were able to individually recognise 39 sicklefin lemon sharks that support a shark-feeding ecotourism activity in Moorea Island, French Polynesia. We calculated the direct global revenue generated by the provisioning site, based on the expenses of local and international divers. The total yearly revenue was around USD5.4 million and the 13 sharks most often observed at the site had an average contribution each of around USD316 699. Any one of these sharks represents a potential contribution of USD2.64 million during its life span. We argue that publicising economic values per individual will be more effective than general declarations about their ecological importance for convincing policy makers and fishers that a live shark is more valuable than a dead shark for the local economy. Studies monitoring the potential negative ecological effects of long-term feeding of sharks should, however, be conducted to ensure these are also considered. Besides declarations about the non-consumptive direct-use value of sharks, as promoted by ecotourism, the calculation of their other economic values should also benefit shark conservation.

Demographic analyses of the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the Northwest Atlantic incorporating hooking mortality estimates and revised reproductive parameters

Demographic analyses were conducted for the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the Northwest Atlantic. Fishery-independent, fishery-dependent, and previously published data were used to estimate age specific by-catch mortality and reproductive cycle for incorporation into the analyses. Correspondence analyses were conducted for viability (dead or alive), shark length, month, soaktime, and region. Dead sharks were associated with small size, long soak times, and the spring season, while live sharks were associated with large size and shorter soak times. Data on reproduction suggested a 3-year reproductive cycle consisting of a 2-year gestation period and a 1-year resting period. Litter sizes ranged from 3–12 embryos. Decreasing age-specific fishing mortality and a 3-year reproductive cycle were used in age structured life tables which incorporated stochasticity in life history parameters through Monte Carlo simulation to estimate annual population growth. Demographic analyses showed that the dusky shark population would decline even at low levels of fishing mortality despite low natural mortality for neonates. The demographics of this species make it among the most vulnerable to excessive fishing mortality, and suggest stringent regulatory measures may be required to recover collapsed populations.

Social, Economic, and Regulatory Drivers of the Shark Fin Trade

The demand for shark fins is arguably the most important determinant of the fate of shark populations around the world. This paper examines the role that social and economic factors in China play in driving the trade both historically and under current trends of economic growth. The use of shark fin as a traditional and socially important luxury food item, along with rapidly expanding consumer purchasing power is expected to place increasing pressure on available resources. At the same time, the migration of the trade from its former center in Hong Kong to Mainland China has resulted in a severe curtailment of the ability to monitor and assess impacts on shark populations. Although recent international policy responses to this issue have resulted in the implementation of shark finning bans in some areas, these measures are likely to encourage full use of dead sharks; i.e. discourage carcass discards, as called for under the FAO International Plan of Action-Sharks, but not reduce shark mortality.

What is the meaning of this cup and that dead shark? philosophical inquiry with objects and works of art and craft

Philosophical inquiry in the UK has taken a somewhat different route from that in the US and various parts of Europe. Practitioners in the UK tend to use a great deal of home-grown materials instead of the IAPC books. They also rely on a range of philosophical stimuli that are not, or not exclusively, based on text. Their embeddedness in the North-American educational, cultural and linguistic contexts renders the IAPC texts sometimes opaque, even perplexing, to British child readers. This paper explores possibilities of initiating ‘aesthetic’ inquiry, i.e. philosophical inquiry with works of art and craft and other objects, e.g. religious artefacts and everyday, found or natural objects. It investigates the differences between aesthetic and conventional text based inquiries and makes suggestions about the advantages and value of aesthetic inquiry. That stimuli other than purpose-written philosophical texts are admissible as starting points for philosophical inquiry does not automatically mean that they work the same way as texts. In conventional enquiry the (purpose-written philosophical) text is the springboard for enquiry: a vehicle, and no more than that, to convey the participants to the realm of philosophical inquiry. The text has not, or is not meant to have, intrinsic aesthetic qualities. However, a picture, a piece of music or a craft object does have a different kind of physical reality from text, as well as inescapable aesthetic qualities. These qualities necessitate an approach to the inquiry that is different from the text-based one. Whilst the literature on aesthetic inquiries has been increasing, albeit slowly, their special characteristics do not yet seem to have been subjected to systematic investigation. Since it is my contention that there are important differences between text- and non-text-based inquiries both in terms of their nature and the nature of the inquiry they generate, I hope that this paper will contribute to a discussion on these differences.

Computers, Education and the ‘Dead Shark Syndrome’

Operating from a historical, psychological and underlying philosophical perspective, this paper examines the problems that face education in effectively integrating computers into its infrastructure. The potential for computers to challenge the social and educational status quo is explored. The systems approach is seen as providing an alternative problem‐solving philosophy which takes into account the multi‐faceted nature of complex organizations. MEP and the LOGO project are reviewed as models for change. Guidelines are given which define the boundaries for change, and direct the future relationship between computers and education. Questions regarding the human impact of computers are raised.

養殖ハマチに寄生する嚢虫に関する研究-XI

Studies were made on the growth of adult Callotetrarhynchus sp. in the valvular intestine of Triakis scyllia, a kind of requiem shark, which was demonstrated by a previous study to be a suitable experimental final host for this cestode. Parasitefree sharks were prepared by raising juveniles at the Himeji City Aquarium. Twenty bladder worms collected from the body cavity of Seriola quinqueradiata were introduced into each shark by a catheter into the stomach. The sharks examined for the number of adults and for the growth of the cestode from 2 to 80 days after administration. From the experiment the following conolusions were reached: 1) The adult of Callotetrarhynchus sp. was thought to be harmful to the host. Of the 35 sharks, 12 died during the course of the experiment. The dying animals always showed an abnormal movement a few days before death and severe intestinal inflammation was observed in all the dying or dead sharks. 2) The adult stage, which could continue to grow without killing the host, was limited in number. The number of adults varied with the size of the valvular intestine and with the growth of the adult. 3) In the valvular intestines of normal sharks, the post-holdfast zone of the adult parasite stretched rapidly and then segmentation started. Adults matured in about 15 days after administration at temperatures of 21.8-26.5°C. At the same time, free proglottides were found to be separated from the strobilae. All gravid proglottides moved to the outside through the anus within 40 days. Most of the adults died in the valvular intestine after about 25 days and were discharged one by one.

水産物の腐敗に関する研究

On measuring the amount of urea contained in muscles and different parts of elasmobranchiate fishes, we obtained the results as shown in Table 1 and 2. And since we have observed developing of urea in their minced muscles during storage, we presume that Krebs's “Ornithine Cycle” is proceeding in dead shark muscles.

水産物の腐敗に関する研究

On measuring the amount of urea contained in muscles and different parts of elasmobranchiate fishes, we obtained the results as shown in Table 1 and 2. And since we have observed developing of urea in their minced muscles during storage, we presume that Krebs's “Ornithine Cycle” is proceeding in dead shark muscles.