Modo De Research Articles

Pesquisa sobre o modo de treinamento integrado de ensino superior de artes para surdos

Abstract: The development of higher education for the disabled is one of the most important indicators of the development of education for the disabled in a country, whether the support policies are perfect, and whether the social civilization is advanced. The results showed that deaf students with general school experience had better adaptive ability The integration model was more conducive to improve deaf students’ school adaptive ability and social interaction awareness. The deaf students had higher demand for professional guidance and there is room for further improvement of the integration-training model. Based on the above research results and the problems in practice, this paper gives the corresponding countermeasure suggestions. The paper suggests that we should build a “trinity” integration education model oriented to socially integrated talents in art applications and improve the management system of integration education We should also improve the deaf college students’ learning support system under the leadership of the school, modify and reconstruct the integration curriculum system of arts and crafts majors, and strengthen the support and guidance of the society for the construction of integration environment.

Die ‘bekentenisse van die vlees’ in die sentrale Middeleeue: ’n Verruiming van Foucault se lesing in Histoire de la sexualité 1 (La volonté de savoir)

The ‘confessions of the flesh’ in the central Middle Ages: An expansion of Foucault’s reading in Histoire de la sexualité 1 (La volonté de savoir). This article expands Michel Foucault’s (1926–1984) reading of the ‘confessions of the flesh’ in handbooks of penance written during the central Middle Ages in the first volume La volonté de savoir of his (current) four-volume series Histoire de la sexualité. After the posthumous publication of the fourth volume Les aveux de la chair (2018), in which Foucault takes his analysis of the historical foundations of confessional practices in the late 12th century to the first half of the 14th century even further back, to the ‘confessions of the flesh’ in the patristics of the 3rd to the 5th centuries, it has become sensible to illuminate Foucault’s condensed reading of confessional scripts in La volonté de savoir itself. This exposition pertinently applies to Foucault’s correct conclusion that sex was prioritised above all other ‘sins’, ‘vices’, and ‘transgressions’ in central Medieval confessional scripts; therefore, as he famously noted, becoming a ‘seismograph of subjectivity in Christian cultures’. Against this backdrop, it is considered how thinkers from the central Middle Ages themselves reflected on the sacramentalisation of confession after the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 – since Foucault himself did not substantially elaborate on it. The reflections of three philosophers from the central Middle Ages on the relation between sex, confession and absolution are subsequently presented as an expansion of Foucault’s reading in La volonté de savoir. Firstly, Alan of Lille’s (d.1203) interpretation of the Summae confessorum in his Liber poenitentialis is revisited, concluding that Lille’s perspective was ‘hermeneutical’, in terms of his insistence that the confessor should adjust his interrogations according to seven Aristotelian topoi or detailed questions, designate the context in which the transgression occurred very thoroughly and ‘actively participate’ in the confessional act, rather than simply recording it. Lille’s ‘hermeneutical’ approach to confession is also reflected in Robert Grosseteste’s (ca.1168–1253) De modo confitendi et paenitentias iniungendi, in which a moderate phronetic approach allows for the full discretion of the confessor, rather than following the rigid prescriptions of the Summae confessorum only. Secondly, William of Auvergne’s (ca.1180–1249) contribution to the interpretation of the Summae confessorum in his Poenitentia is indicated in his utilitarian ethics, in which the interests of the ethical ‘other’ is related to the confessing ‘self’: even though matrimony is for Auvergne the only realm where the other’s interests are not necessarily compromised by sexual contact, several considerations regarding ‘improper sex’, precisely within matrimony, apply according to the relevant penitential guidelines. Thirdly, Paul of Hungary’s (ca.1180–1241) De confessione is considered in terms of his reflections on ‘paying sexual debt’, and on the relation between regulated sexual release and the legitimacy of sexual gratification, again within the context of matrimony.Contribution: This article contributes to Foucault-scholarship by elucidating and expanding Foucault’s condensed reading of 13th-century confessional scripts in La volonté de savoir, with reference to the relevant texts of Alan of Lille (d.1203), William of Auvergne (ca.1180–1249) and Paul of Hungary (ca.1180–1241).

New Problems of Realism in Martín Rivas

Abstract This article discusses a central feature in the poetics of Martín Rivas (1862): its realism. It describes the way in which the particularisation of experience and the breakdown of the old theory of the levels of discourse – two main components of realism – are embodied in the novel. Like its models in French realism, Martín Rivas focuses on the unique experiences of singular subjects. This particularisation, however, rarely acquires an interclass dimension, as it did in French forms. The “ideas of realism” are misplaced in Martín Rivas. The novel represents times, spaces, and people in the dramatically reduced frame of the times, spaces, and people of the oligarchy. It signifies a return to the same old rule that European realism had broken from. Blest Gana’s realism could be considered, therefore, as an example of the Chilean modo de ser aristocrático [aristocratic way of being], that is, a set of cultural operations which allow the oligarchy to live their privileges as natural, far from the bourgeois ethos. This insight can be a point of departure for an international discussion as we think about how these transformations might enter into dialogue with similar phenomena in other parts of the world.

Reproducibility and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy.

To examine interrater agreement and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years. Speech-language pathologist (SLP) and parent FCCS ratings for 31 children with CP (aged 2y, n=16; aged 3y, n=15; 18 males, 13 females) were examined for interrater agreement using a weighted Cohen's kappa statistic. Relationships between FCCS (SLP) ratings and: (1) concurrent validity with the Language Use Inventory, a standardized pragmatic assessment for children aged 18 to 47 months, (2) gross motor and fine motor function, (3) associated impairments (visual and intellectual), and (4) primary expressive communication mode were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Almost perfect interrater agreement between SLP and parent FCCS ratings were found (kw =0.94). Correlations with FCCS (SLP) were excellent for pragmatic function (rs =-0.83,p<0.001), intellectual function (rs =0.89, p<0.001), and primary expressive communication mode (rs =0.92,p<0.001). Correlations were good for gross motor function (rs =0.72,p<0.001) and visual impairment (rs =0.70,p<0.001) and fair for fine motor function (rs =0.53,p<0.002). Analysis was unwarranted for epilepsy (n=1 out of 31) and hearing-associated impairments (n=0 out of 31). The FCCS has excellent interrater agreement and validity for communication classification of children with CP aged 2 or 3 years and is highly suitable for surveillance and research purposes. What this paper adds The Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) is a valid instrument for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years. Excellent agreement exists between speech-language pathologist and parent FCCS ratings. The FCCS has excellent correlation with intelligence, pragmatic function, and primary expressive mode. Stronger correlations with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and vision exist for children aged 2 or 3 years. Weaker correlations with manual ability exist when compared to older children with CP.

Becoming and Individuation on the Encounter between Technical Apparatus and Natural System

Becoming and Individuation on the Encounter between Technical Apparatus and Natural System

Intersecciones de la violencia basada en género: estudio de caso en la comunidad rural “La Picota”, Nicaragua / Intersections of gender-based violence: a case study in a rural community “La Picota”, Nicaragua

El presente artículo es elaborado con un enfoque investigativo, destinado al reconocimiento de las vivencias cotidianas y violentas que viven las mujeres de la comunidad La Picota; logrando de esta manera ampliar el enfoque preventivo ante la violencia basada en género. En el escrito será posible comprender parte del modo de vida en el contexto comunitario de investigación y las opiniones emitidas de viva voz por actoras claves para el estudio.Con el análisis de los elementos extraídos de las informantes claves y las perspectivas teóricas de la interseccionalidades de la violencia basada en género, fue posible ampliar la mirada hacia este fenómeno que viven las mujeres y la manera en que influyen los perfiles de las potenciales víctimas de esta violencia. Todo esto para generar una especie de diagnóstico que muestre donde incidir de forma oportuna para sensibilizar acerca de cambios necesarios en el comportamiento social; mismos que suelen justificar la constante violación de derecho hacia la mujer. De este modo se aportará a una cultura preventiva ante la violencia hacia la mujer, en contextos familiares y sociales. The present article is elaborated with a qualitative investigative approach, some destined to the recognition of the daily and violent experiences that the women of the La Picota community live in, located in the municipality of Chinandega - Nicaragua; thus, achieving broadening the preventive approach to gender-based violence. In the writing it was possible to understand part of the way of life in the community context of research and the opinions expressed out loud by key actors for the study; proceeding to relate the community perceptions, with the collective imagery and the theoretical precepts linked to the intersections of violence. The methodology used to develop the article was qualitative and responds to anthropological research methods, using interviews and observation sheets and techniques (direct and participant) in order to extract information and content to understand the social problems of violence. And its intersections. The ethnographic method was applicable in order to project the community dynamics where the study is carried out. The research work also emerges as part of the author's close experience towards the research context for 4 years as a facilitator of processes for social and community development, with a psychosocial focus. Part of the results obtained from community research showed that sociocultural patterns that violate rural women still persist, from various social, economic, ethnic, educational, age, disability, and geographical locations of their residences. This crossing of variables forces the actor's understudy to be subjected to multiple discriminations within and outside their communities. From these edges of the intersection, the interviewees were selected who responded to various age ranges, this in order to have a more global analysis of the way in which violence is experienced and exacerbated, from the relationship of the previously referenced elements. With the analysis of the elements extracted from the key informants and the theoretical perspectives of the intersectionality of gender-based violence, it was possible to broaden the gaze towards this phenomenon that women experience and the way in which the profiles of the potential victims of this violence are examined. All this to generate a kind of diagnosis that shows where to influence in a timely manner to raise awareness about necessary changes in social behavior; some that usually justify the constant violation of rights towards women. The current effects of the pandemic are taken into consideration and as this further aggravates, the experiences of various expressions of gender-based violence against women, some of the effects of the pandemic being constant exposure within their homes, because they are living with potential aggressors and outside their homes, where they are exposed to a virus contagion, while they carry out their corresponding commercial and popular activities. By broadening their behavior towards the current scenario and the way in which this context affects them, the contributions to a preventive culture of violence against women, in family and social contexts, will be timelier.

How Do Children Die in PICUs Nowadays? A Multicenter Study From Spain.

To describe how children currently die in Spanish PICUs, their epidemiologic characteristics and clinical diagnoses. Prospective multicenter observational study. Eighteen PICUs participating in the MOdos de Morir en UCI Pediátrica-2 (MOMUCI-2) study in Spain. Children 1 to 16 years old who died in PICU during 2017 and 2018. None. During the 2-year study period, 250 deaths were recorded. Seventy-three children (29.3%) were younger than 1 year, 131 (52.6%) were between 1 and 12 years old, and 45 (18.1%) were older than 12. One-hundred eighty patients (72%) suffered from an underlying chronic disease, 54 (21.6%) had been admitted to PICU in the past 6 months, and 71 (28.4%) were severely disabled upon admission. Deaths occurred more frequently on the afternoon-night shift (62%) after a median PICU length of stay of 3 days (1-12 d). Nearly half of the patients died (48.8%) after life-sustaining treatment limitation, 71 died (28.4%) despite receiving life-sustaining therapies and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 57 (22.8%) were declared brain dead. The most frequent type of life-sustaining treatment limitation was the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (20.8%), followed by noninitiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18%) and withdrawal of vasoactive drugs (13.7%). Life-sustaining treatment limitation was significantly more frequent in patients with an underlying neurologic-neuromuscular disease, respiratory disease as the cause of admission, a previous admission to PICU in the past 6 months, and severe disability. Multivariate analyses indicated that life-sustaining treatment limitation, chronicity, and poor Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score were closely related. Currently, nearly half of the deaths in Spanish PICUs occur after the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. These children are more likely to have had previous admissions to the PICU, be severely disabled or to suffer from chronic diseases. Healthcare professionals who treat critically ill children ought to be aware of this situation and should therefore be prepared and trained to provide the best end-of-life care possible.

La telenovela histórica mexicana: un modo de memoria, dos modelos narrativos

Este artículo propone la revisión de la evolución de la telenovela histórica mexicana, pensada como un modo de memoria cultural, a través de la descripción del género melodramático como matriz narrativa. Esta descripción lleva a pensar en la constitución de un modo de recuerdo que se ha articulado en dos modelos básicos y que remedia hechos y personajes de la historiografía nacionalista, lo que lo convirtió en un apoyo cultural al discurso oficial sobre el pasado nacional.

O “hipócrita leitor” de Baudelaire e a poesia brasileira contemporânea

This essay aims to cover the recurrence of a single verse by Baudelaire, “Hypocrite lecteur, mon semblable, mon frère”, from the opening poem of Les Fleurs du Mal, in three poems by Brazilian poets: “Fogo do final” by Ana Cristina Cesar, “Dez sonetóides mancos” by Paulo Henriques Britto and “Modo de usar” by Marcos Siscar. It is about the resumption of Baudelaire in the inter-textual perspective of a writing-through, as Marjorie Perloff points out in Unoriginal genious, which allows not only to consider the participation of the poet in a larger and more public discourse, but to think about the status of this relationship between poet and reader. In the three poems a certain place of reading/quotation from another work seems to be explicit, which comes up, precisely, in the verse in which the reader’s moral place is questioned.

De redes, pedagogía y autoridad femenina en la España de Fernando VI: el Modo de enseñar, y estudiar las Bellas Letras de María Catalina de Caso (1755)

Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigacion «BIESES. Escritoras espanolas de la primera modernidad: metadatos, visualizacion y analisis», financiado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (FFI2015-70548-P).

Viejos y nuevos métodos educativos entre hibridaciones, coexistencias y solapamientos. La reforma educativa en la pluma de un ilustrado español: Juan Antonio González Cañaveras

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII en la Monarquía Hispánica surgieron distintos proyectos de educación que, a partir de un análisis crítico sobre el tema, bregaron por una reforma en la enseñanza partiendo de lugares disimiles. En este sentido, los ilustrados dieron un lugar por demás destacado a este tópico escribiendo sobre sus deficiencias y generando propuestas de innovación. Dos temáticas dentro de la educación parecieron ganar terreno: por un lado, la secularización de la enseñanza y por otro los métodos educativos. La obra de Juan Antonio González Cañaveras se ha dedicado fundamentalmente a la segunda pretendiendo una reforma integral de la educación.El trabajo que se presenta pretende analizar los métodos educativos propuestos por González Cañaveras en Plan de educación, o exposición de un nuevo método para estudiar las lenguas, geografía, cronología, historia, filosofía, matemáticas (1767) y Modo de enseñar las lenguas y ciencias que conviene a un noble bien educado (1794). Entendiendo que la primera es parte constitutiva de la segunda, podemos analizar como en ambas coexisten y se solapan viejos y nuevos métodos educativos, producto de la dialéctica que entre la tradición y la modernización operaba en la Monarquía Hispánica de entonces.

Pinturas y engobes en la Araucanía: análisis composicional de vasijas decoradas El Vergel (sur de Chile, 1000-1550 d.C.)

La cerámica pintada/engobada es uno de los elementos más emblemáticos del Complejo El Vergel del Sur de Chile (1000-1550 d.C.). Si bien se ha abordado su variabilidad desde aspectos tipológicos, decorativos y tecnológicos, faltaba integrar más información respecto a las distintas elecciones en su manufactura para observar la distribución de los modos de hacer. Con aquello como objetivo, se procedió a analizar las pinturas y engobes de material cerámico fragmentado pintado/engobado de cinco sitios domésticos de diferentes áreas geográficas. Estas se analizaron mediante LA-ICP-MS, dando cuenta de las distintas «recetas» utilizadas en su confección. Sobre la base de lo anterior, se identificaron distintos grupos composicionales en engobes y pinturas que se comparten en ciertos ejes geográficos y que pueden responder a una circulación de conocimientos, materias primas y/o vasijas entre distintos grupos El Vergel.

La gestión estratégica de la identidad visual en las organizaciones con mejor reputación / The strategic management of visual identity in organizations

El presente artículo trata sobre la identidad visual corporativa de las empresas como técnica transversal de relaciones públicas. En primer lugar y a través de una revisión bibliográfica, tratamos de acotar y definir los conceptos usados tradicionalmente para referirse a los elementos de la identidad visual corporativa. A continuación, y mediante un análisis cualitativo, obtenemos datos sobre cómo gestionan estos recursos las empresas con mejor reputación corporativa, según el Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa Merco, 2018. Por último y a modo de discusión, proponemos algunas pautas para la gestión de la identificación visual gráfica en las empresas, en línea con su estrategia corporativa y con vistas a responder de forma óptima a las necesidades actuales de sus públicos. Palabras claves: Relaciones públicas, marca, identidad visual corporativa, organizaciones Abstract This article addresses the corporate visual identity of companies as a transversal public relations technique. First of all, we carry out a literature review of studies that provide definitions and taxonomies of brands and the identifiers of the organization at a formal level. This lets us reflect on the very concept of brand as well as corporate image, corporate identity and visual identity. Secondly, regarding the publics of an organization and more specifically the needs of said audiences with respect to the brand and identifiers, we highlight the lack of consensus regarding their classification. Only the field of public relations has shown a clear interest in identifying and creating a hierarchy of the publics that is functional and operational for research and professional praxis. This fact can be seen in the contributions of authors such as Bernays (1923) Marston (1963), Urzaiz (1971), Grunig and Hunt (1984), Villafañe (1993), Solano Fleta (1995), França (2004) and Xifra (2005), Matilla (2007-2009), Capriotti (2009) or Míguez González (2010). Next, based on the classification proposed by Xifrá (2005) around external and internal audiences, we draw a framework of operational action of the publics focussing on corporate visual identity. Then, through a qualitative analysis, we conduct a study of the management of corporate visual identity on the corporate websites of the companies with the highest reputation in Spain. The sample is limited to the one hundred companies with the best reputation in Spain and their corporate websites, based on the ranking prepared by the Corporate Monitor of Corporate Reputation Merco from 2018. In the same way and through secondary sources and telephone consultations we investigate the existence of platforms created specifically for the internal and external management of the identity. The objective in both cases is to establish common practices in the treatment of this type of information and its possible correlation with the earlier theoretical expositions. To this end, an analysis template composed of twelve variables is introduced: Merco name and ranking, listed company, information about the brand or elements, business sector, location of the information, characteristics of the information and available resources, denominations used, availability, available file formats, existence of an identity management platform, access conditions and contact form with direct identity managers. Finally and as a discussion, we propose some guidelines and improvements in the management of the corporate visual identification of companies, in line with their corporate strategy and with the intention of minimizing the risks in the management of corporate identifiers, catering to the needs of the different publics of the organization and ensuring the correct transmission of business values ​​through their identity. Keywords: Public relations, brand, corporate visual identity, organizations

Idearios de género para la modernidad limeña finisecular en dos cuentos de Clorinda Matto de Turner

Al conjugar parte de la extensa bibliografia sobre la produccion lite raria de Clorinda Matto de Turner con un marco ideologico feminista, este articulo examina el ideario de genero que se construye con relacion a la modernidad, a las politicas de genero y a los imaginarios nacionales en dos de sus cuentos: “Palida!... pero es ella...! Novela homeopatica con pretensiones espiritistas” y “Amor de redondel. Cuento a modo de novela”. Dicho ideario, superficialmente, presenta inestabilidades y contradicciones. Sin embargo, es a traves de estas aparentes contradicciones que Matto de Turner pudo gestionar su ideario de reforma de politicas de genero y de refundacion nacional sin aparentemente alterar la norma hegemonica.

Geoffrey of Vinsauf’s Master Trope: The Development of the Doctrine of Transsumptio

In this article, I trace the evolution of Geoffrey of Vinsauf’s doctrine of transsumptio as it developed from his Documentum de modo et arte dictandi et versificandi (late 12th century) to the Poetria nova (1202–1213). Although scholars have conflated transsumptio with translatio (or metaphor), this article argues that transsumptio is Geoffrey’s attempt to schematize how occupying a position of difference (or the transference of the self into an alternate mode of being) reveals metaphorical possibility in language. I close by imputing the development of Geoffrey’s doctrine of transsumptio to a reinvestigation of the Rhetorica ad Herennium between composing his two major treatises.

Revista: Conversación sin barreras by José A. Blanco

Reviewed by: Revista: Conversación sin barrerasby José A. Blanco Ada Ortúzar-Young Blanco, José A. Revista: Conversación sin barreras. Instructor's Annotated Edition. 5thEdition. Vista Higher Learning, 2018. Pp. 217. ISBN 978-1-68005-042-4. The new edition of this well-established Advanced Conversation program continues to offer a wealth of materials for both instructors and students. The revised edition has replaced some "cortometrajes" and "lecturas" but the textbook maintains the old format and most of its content. [End Page 292]The "Supersite"—the online resources and course management system—also has been enhanced. As in previous editions, each of the six lessons centers on a topic: "¿Realidad o fantasía?," "Una cuestión de personalidad," "La influencia de los medios," "Las garras del poder," "Misterios del amor," and "Modos de vivir." Overall, they offer thematic variety that appeal to students and is conducive to class discussions on a diversity of opinions. Each lesson can be broadly divided into three categories that lend themselves to different pedagogical approaches. Each contributes in its own way to advance language skills and cultural awareness. One centers on authentic materials: a "cortometraje," various "lecturas," and a "tira cómica." Each of these are units in themselves and the instructor may choose to use all of them, or not, and opt to alter the sequence in which they are presented in the textbook. They are well planned and useful to the instructor and the students. Of particular value is the fact that these authentic materials are selected from many regions in the Hispanic world, bridging Spain and the Americas, in such a way that they provide students with authentic cultural variety and regional nuances of the language throughout the Spanish-speaking world. They also serve to introduce students to the reading of literature and to popular culture, which is provided by the "tiras cómicas" and the films. Each of the authentic materials unit contains introductory exercises that consist of a set of pre-reading and pre-viewing, useful vocabulary for this particular assigment, and brief information on the author. They are followed by the "Análisis," a series of exercises that range from comprehension and interpretation to topics meant to amplify the themes. They end with suggestions to work in pairs or small groups. A second category is devoted to a rapid review of those grammatical points that are most relevant to the materials presented. And lastly, each chapter wraps up with topics for a composition and for a "tertulia," thus giving the student ample opportunities to create both orally and in writing. Harnessing the latest technologies to enhance the teaching and learning experience is an essential component of any teaching program today. Revista's "Supersite" has many useful features for the instructor to manage and customize the course, such as creating quizzes, incorporating outside links and resources, grading tools, giving assignments online, and modifying the content with personalized notes. It also offers a communication center for the instructors to post messages as well as for students to communicate online with the instructor. For the students, the "Supersite" offers seamless integration with the textbook. Icons throughout the textbook point out to the features available online. The cost-conscious students, as well as those who prefer not to carry a hard copy, may purchase the online version of the textbook, which is also iPad friendly in the 5th edition. The "Supersite" brings the textbook to life with sounds and movements. Longer versions of the "cortometrajes" are provided, and students can immerse themselves in the Hispanic culture with sights and the spoken dialogue. Each lesson also includes an audio MP3 file of a reading of one of the "lecturas" with several options for the students depending on their level of comprehension of the spoken language. They may opt to listen to the reading as they follow the written text, or assess their comprehension of the language by just listing to it. Likewise, each word or phrase in the vocabulary section is read out loud which allows student to zero in the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, thus allowing them to refine their pronunciation. The exercises in the textbook also appear...

Carmen Martín Gaite, el juego de la vida y la literatura by José Jurado Morales

Reviewed by: Carmen Martín Gaite, el juego de la vida y la literatura by José Jurado Morales Joan L. Brown Jurado Morales, José. Carmen Martín Gaite, el juego de la vida y la literatura. Visor, 2018. Pp. 256. ISBN 978-8-49895-196-7. José Jurado Morales, Catedrático de Literatura Española at the University of Cádiz, Spain, is a leading expert on canonical Spanish writer Carmen Martín Gaite (1925–2000). Among his books are one definitive volume on her short stories and another on her novels. Carmen Martín Gaite, el juego de la vida y la literatura presents nearly two decades of original scholarship on Martín Gaite's literature. As with his earlier books, this collection demonstrates Jurado Morales's talent for synthesizing her work. New and compelling ideas are rooted in a profound knowledge of Martín Gaite's life and literature and enhanced by a sweeping command of international scholarship and literary theory. A bonus for the reader is Jurado Morales's direct and engaging style. Although the term "page-turner" is not usually applied to volumes of literary criticism, it is an appropriate descriptor for this one. The book opens with a preliminary chapter entitled "Carmen Martín Gaite: de la vida a la literatura." This introduction previews the volume's contents; it also reveals Jurado Morales's personal introduction to the author, when he first read her 1958 novel Entre visillos as a university student—a discovery that will resonate with many readers. Six thematic divisions organize the book's fourteen chapters. Fittingly, the first section is entitled "El fundamento autobiográfico." The opening chapter, "Tentativas autobiográficas," supplies a portrait of the woman who "vivió para escribir y escribió para sentir que vivía" (12). The next chapter, "Experiencia vital y escritura poética," traces the autobiographical content of Martín Gaite's poetry over time, and the third chapter, "Viaje a El cuarto de atrás," offers a succinct overview of her celebrated autobiographical novel from 1978. Section 2, "Amistad y literatura: Ignacio Aldecoa," features two essays on the relationship between Martín Gaite and Aldecoa. "A modo de homenaje: Esperando el porvenir" is an incisive review of Martín Gaite's 1994 memoir of the generation of mid-century, and "Los pasos encontrados de Martín Gaite e Ignacio Aldecoa" is a revelatory exploration of Aldecoa's impact on Martín Gaite. Generational connections are further developed in section 3, "Etapas de aprendizaje: cuentos del medio siglo," whose two chapters focus on the author's short stories. In "'Un día de libertad,' primer cuento de Martín Gaite," Jurado Morales finds characteristics in her first short story that will typify all of her future work, and "Algo más que cuentos de mujeres" demonstrates how Martín Gaite's stories contain some of her most transcendent social criticism. Part 4, entitled "El arte de pensar," presents four chapters related to narrative. "La entrada en el castillo: una poética del lector" defines Martín Gaite's relationship with her readers and with writing itself. In "Vivir el tiempo," time and temporality are analyzed across the author's fiction and nonfiction. The third essay in this section, "Sobre Los usos amorosos del dieciocho en España," elucidates the affinities between Martín Gaite's historical scholarship on the eighteenth century and her creative writing, demonstrating how both fields are informed by identical concerns. The final essay in this group, "La narrativa de Martín Gaite o la esencia misma del ensayo," also makes new connections across genres, showing how Martín Gaite's novels enact conceptions of literature and narration that are rooted in conventions of the essay. The last phase of Martín Gaite's career is the subject of Section Five, "Las novelas de supervivencia." In "De vida y literatura existencial: Lo raro es vivir" Jurado Morales traces the existential aspects of this 1996 novel, and in "Mundo interior y sociedad posmoderna: Los parentescos" he explores reflections of postmodern Spain in Martín Gaite's last, unfinished novel, published in 2001. The volume closes with part 6, "Texto sobre texto." This section contains...

‘Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar’ Lecturas del jurista en el siglo XVI ibérico = ‘Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar’ Sixteenth-Century Jurists Readings in the Iberian Peninsula

Resumen: Los Modos de pasar en Derechos consistían en una especie de guías de lectura, con consejos detallados sobre la disciplina, los libros, las autoridades, las materias, el orden y el tiempo que deberían emplearse en la preparación de la licentia docendi en Leyes y Cánones. De origen salmantino y proyección ibérica, constituyen una fuente de gran interés para la historia de la educación de los juristas en los siglos modernos. Funcionaron, además, como vehículos de legitimación de una determinada imagen pública de excelencia y distinción de la élite académica de catedráticos, licenciados y doctores, en un contexto de conflictos y transformaciones institucionales. Tomando como ejemplo el Modo de pasar del catedrático de la Facultad de Leyes Diego Enríquez, que contenía una sugerente Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar, en estas páginas se esboza una propuesta de identificación de estas pequeñas guías de estudio como un corpus específico en el conjunto de la literatura jurídico-pedagógica del Antiguo régimen. En el apéndice se incluye la transcripción del Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez (1587) que alberga la Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Mss. 206, fols. 259v-262r).Palabras clave: Enseñanza del derecho (edad moderna), Literatura jurídico-pedagógica, Historia Cultural de las Universidades, Universidad de Salamanca, Ius commune, Historia de los saberes jurídicos.Abstract: The Modos de pasar en Derechos (ways of ‘passing’ laws) consisted of a type of study guide, which contained moral prescriptions and practical advice about the books, the authorities, the subjects, the order, and the time required to prepare for academic examinations. These study guides were especially designed to instruct candidates in obtaining the licentiate degree in Salamanca, the so-called licentia docendi in both civil and canon law. They also offer a rich source for the history of legal education in the early modern Iberian Peninsula. Moreover, the Modos de pasar functioned as tools for the selfrepresentation to the public of an image of academic excellence and distinction, which was of immense importance for the process of elite formation. The social group formed by tenured professors (catedráticos), licentiates, and doctors in law struggled to enhance their privileges in a period of conflict and institutional change in the old University of Salamanca. In this article, I propose to analyze these study guides as a specific legal-pedagogical genre within the broader spectrum of early modern juridical literature. The features of this corpus of texts can be clearly displayed in the Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez (1587), one of the most remarkable examples of this genre, since it includes a comprehensive list of suggested readings for law students (Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar). An edition of this manuscript (Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez, 1587, Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad Complutense de Madrid: Mss. 206, fols. 259v-262r) is added as an appendix.Keywords: Early Modern Legal Education, Pedagogical Literature (Law), Cultural History of Universities, University of Salamanca, Ius commune, History of legal knowledge.

(R)EXISTÊNCIAS ALIMENTARES: Investigando modos de produção de subjetividade através das práticas alimentares na cidade contemporânea/FOOD RESISTANCE: Investigating modes of production of subjetivity through eating practices in the contemporary city.

O artigo parte de uma discussão do campo dos estudos da Subjetividade (GUATTARI, ROLNIK, 2010), para refletir sobre os modos de produção subjetiva, através das práticas alimentares no contexto da cidade contemporânea. Buscaremos refletir sobre como a cidade – movida por um crescente fenômeno de urbanização em conexão com a modernização/mecanização das práticas agrícolas – amparada pelo desenvolvimento capitalista, produz práticas alimentares como reflexo e reprodução deste modo de desenvolvimento. Ao mesmo tempo em que pode ser possibilidade de reinvenção dos modos de vida dispostos neste contexto atual, fazendo apostas numa éco-lógica (GUATTARI, 1990; SANTOS, 2002), como reinvenção das práticas de cuidado de si e da cidade (FOUCAULT, 2006b). AbstractThe article begins with a discussion of the field of studies of Subjectivity (GUATTARI, ROLNIK, 2010), to reflect on subjective modes of production, through eating practices in the context of the contemporary city. It aims to explore the transformations that have occurred in the last century in the context of cities and their consequences in the logic of the production of food practices. Such reflection will be woven based on the cartographic method (PASSOS, KASTRUP, ESCÓSSIA, 2014ª, 2014b, FONSECA, NASCIMENTO MARASCHIN, 2012), supporting the cartography of the multiplicity of discourses and food practices present in the context of the contemporary city. The article is based on a bibliographical review involving discussions of the human and social sciences that can expand the field of discussion, presenting already, the perspective that this field does not fit within specific disciplinary sectors. As a result of the analyzes, it is possible to show that the growing urbanization phenomenon in connection with the modernization / mechanization of agricultural practices - supported by capitalist development - produces food practices as a reflection and reproduction of this mode of development. Resulting in the constitution of the habit of eating as a mere act of consumption, one among so many products on the shelves of the market. At the same time, it is possible to see the act of eating as a possibility of reinventing the ways of life in this current context, making bets in an eclogical (GUATTARI, 1990; SANTOS, 2002), as a reinvention of the practices of self care and (Foucault, 2006b).Keywords: subjectivity; city; food practices.

Higher education, unbundling, and the end of the university as we know it

Higher education, unbundling, and the end of the university as we know it