De La Chimie Research Articles

Autonomous Ride-Sharing Service Using Graph Embedding and Dial-a-Ride Problem: Application to the Last-Mile Transit in Lyon City

Autonomous vehicles are anticipated to revolutionize ride-sharing services and subsequently enhance the public transportation systems through a first–last-mile transit service. Within this context, a fleet of autonomous vehicles can be modeled as a Dial-a-Ride Problem with certain features. In this study, we propose a holistic solving approach to this problem, which combines the mixed-integer linear programming formulation with a novel graph dimension reduction method based on the graph embedding framework. This latter method is effective since accounting for heterogeneous travel demands of the covered territory tends to increase the size of the routing graph drastically, thus rendering the exact solving of small instances computationally infeasible. An application is provided for the real transport demand of the industrial district of “Vallée de la Chimie” in Lyon city, France. Instances involving more than 50 transport requests and 10 vehicles could be easily solved. Results suggest that this method generates routes of reduced nodes with lower vehicle kilometers traveled compared to the constrained K-means-based reduction. Reductions in terms of GHG emissions are estimated to be around 75% less than the private vehicle mode in our applied service. A sensitivity analysis is also provided.

La solidarité et ses limites: La CFDT et les travailleurs dans “les années 68”

La solidarité et ses limites: La CFDT et les travailleurs dans “les années 68”

DOMO and Hynamics to produce polyamides from low-carbon hydrogen

On July 6, 2022, it was announced that DOMO Chemicals, producer of engineered polyamide materials, and Hynamics, a 100% subsidiary of EDF Group specializing in the production of low-carbon hydrogen, have entered into a partnership project with the objective of achieving zero-carbon for 100% of the hydrogen used at the Belle-Étoile industrial site, in Saint-Fons (south of Lyon, France), in the heart of the French Vallée de la Chimie (“Chemistry Valley”).

Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures, and Applications

Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures, and Applications

IUPAC in Brussels in 1921: A Historical Photo

Abstract During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for that photograph? (2) Who are the persons that appear in the photo?

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018)

The Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) was held in Paris, France, on July 8–13, 2018, at the historic Maison de la Chimie in Paris’s 7th arrondissement. It was hosted by the Laboratoire national de metrologie et d’essais (LNE), Trappes, France, in collaboration with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, and the Observatoire de Paris, Paris.

Science, celebrity, diplomacy: The Marcellin Berthelot centenary, 1927

Le centenaire de la naissance de Marcellin Berthelot a été célébré avec une extravagance qui reflète l’importance et la multiplicité des intérêts en jeu. Pour Jean Gérard, qui orchestra de main de maître l’événement en qualité de secrétaire général de la Société de chimie industrielle française et de l’Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée, l’enjeu n’était pas seulement d’honorer un grand chimiste. Le but était aussi d’établir une Maison de la Chimie qui offrirait des services, notamment de documentation, aux chimistes d’où qu’ils soient, et ce faisant, de promouvoir Paris au rang de place centrale au niveau international pour la discipline. L’exécution méticuleuse du plan élaboré par Gérard devait faire de cette célébration un événement de haut niveau, au très fort caractère international. Les pays d’Amérique latine et les États européens qui venaient d’obtenir leur indépendance dans le sillage de la première guerre mondiale se montrèrent particulièrement enclins à participer, tandis que les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne le furent beaucoup moins. Malgré les différents niveaux d’enthousiasme, la pose de la première pierre de la Maison de la Chimie fut un point d’orgue de ce programme du centenaire; toutefois ce ne fut pas avant 1934 que les locaux définitifs furent finalement inaugurés, rue Saint-Dominique. Au cours de l’élaboration du projet, comme lors de la célébration elle-même, la réémergence de l’Allemagne comme puissance majeure en chimie, après l’exclusion qu’elle avait subie, pesa lourdement. Un niveau relativement modeste de la participation allemande au centenaire et le retard de l’admission de l’Allemagne à l’IUPAC (en 1930 seulement) témoignent de la difficulté du processus de réintégration.

Chemical World Tour—4th Edition

The Chemical World Tour started as a celebration during the 2011 International year of Chemistry and has since established itself as an anticipated event for French students bridging science and journalism. The CWT is an initiative of the French Union of Chemical Industries and Fondation Internationale de la Maison de la Chimie and has two main objectives: to explain how the chemical industry helps to create a more sustainable, safe, and successful sporting environment; and to encourage talented youngsters to take an interest in a career in the chemical industry.

Nutrition clinique pratique Chez l’adulte et l’enfant: (Seconde édition)

Le goût sucré est inné. Il a précédé le sucre et a été recherché depuis l’Antiquité sous forme d’ersatz, comme le miel ou les fruits secs. Découvert par les Croisés au XIIe siècle, le sucre et son goût ont eu du mal à percer en Occident. Délaissé au Moyen-Âge au profit du goût acide, il n’éveille l’intérêt des classes aisées qu’après le développement de la culture de la canne dans les Îles. Le goût sucré retrouve une place honorable au moment du dessert et pour faciliter la consommation du café et du chocolat. Sa véritable expansion et sa démocratisation datent du XIXe siècle, à la suite de l’accroissement de la production de sucre à partir de la betterave sucrière. Peu à peu, le goût sucré devient indispensable en raison du plaisir qu’il procure. Les progrès de la chimie parviennent à le dissocier du sucre, en synthétisant des édulcorants. Le goût sucré a réinvesti la cuisine, et les consommateurs ne craignent plus de l’associer aux goûts salé et acide, ou de consommer des boissons sucrées au cours des repas. Son retour en force, favorisé par les produits industriels, inquiète, car il est dénoncé comme l’un des marqueurs de l’alimentation surabondante et déstructurée qui conduit à l’obésité.As sweetness is inherited, humans have for ever been in the search of sugar. In the Ancient times, honey and dried fruits were used as the first substitutes for sugar. After its discovery in the 17th century during the crusades, sugar has been submitted to many hurdles before its dissemination in the Western countries. After it had been neglected in the Middle-Age and supplanted by the acid taste, its increased consumption was particularly marked in the upper classes of the society, concomitantly to the intensified farming of cane sugar in tropical islands. The attraction for sweetness was primarily enjoyed as a desert at meal times for facilitating the consumption of such hot drinks as coffee and chocolate. Its worldwide dissemination really started in the 20th century when its production was extended to that of beet sugar. Sweetness progressively became mandatory for those who appreciated its pleasant taste. The endless story of chemical sciences was the starting point for individualizing sweetness from sugar, the link in the chain being the synthesis and production of artificial sweeteners. Sweetness was further considered a natural and popular component of cooking and nowadays all consumers do not hesitate to use it in combination with either salted or acidic foods and soft drinks during meal periods. Its return in strength, which is facilitated by the progression of industrial products, is of concern since it is denunciated as one of the key markers of an exaggerated and unstructured eating behavior, one of the main causative factors of obesity.

Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health

Abstract. In order to test the validity of ultraviolet index (UVI) satellite products and UVI model simulations for general public information, intercomparison involving three satellite instruments (SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2), the Chemistry and Transport Model, Modélisation de la Chimie Atmosphérique Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), and ground-based instruments was performed in 2008 and 2009. The intercomparison highlighted a systematic high bias of ~1 UVI in the OMI clear-sky products compared to the SCIAMACHY and TUV model clear-sky products. The OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are close to the ground-based observations with a low 6 % positive bias, comparable to the results found during the satellite validation campaigns. This result shows that OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are well appropriate to evaluate the UV-risk on health. The study has pointed out the difficulty to take into account either in the retrieval algorithms or in the models, the large spatial and temporal cloud modification effect on UV radiation. This factor is crucial to provide good quality UV information. OMI and GOME-2 show a realistic UV variability as a function of the cloud cover. Nevertheless these satellite products do not sufficiently take into account the radiation reflected by clouds. MOCAGE numerical forecasts show good results during periods with low cloud covers, but are actually not adequate for overcast conditions; this is why Météo-France currently uses human-expertised cloudiness (rather than direct outputs from Numerical Prediction Models) together with MOCAGE clear-sky UV indices for its operational forecasts. From now on, the UV monitoring could be done using free satellite products (OMI, GOME-2) and operational forecast for general public by using modelling, as long as cloud forecasts and the parametrisation of the impact of cloudiness on UV radiation are adequate.

French Chemists and the International Reorganisation of Chemistry after World War I

Founded in 1919, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) was successor to the International Association of Chemical Societies (IACS), which had been founded eight years earlier at the initiative of Albin Haller. The statutes of the IUPAC (like those of the IACS) were written in French, and it was agreed that the IUPAC's administrative headquarters should be in Paris. With these arrangements in place, the role of French chemists generally, and of Haller and Charles Moureu in particular, assumed crucial importance. In 1927, on the occasion of the centenary of Marcelin Berthelot's birth, plans were laid for an international centre for chemistry in Paris, soon to be known as the Maison de la Chimie. From the start, the Maison de la Chimie project was led by the French, most conspicuously by Jean Gérard, general secretary of the Société de chimie industrielle and of the IUPAC. Gérard's contribution to a number of national and international committees, notably for scientific documentation, left an enduring legacy. The years between 1918 and 1927, especially 1918–1919, were decisive for the rebuilding, on many fronts, of international networks embracing individuals and institutions recently separated by war. This article examines the particular case of chemistry, with reference to this wider context and to the widely shared determination to fashion an organisation that would transcend national boundaries and embrace both the pure and the applied aspects of the discipline.

Bridging Gaps in Discovery and Development: Chemical and Biological Sciences for Affordable Health, Wellness and Sustainability

To commemorate 2011 as the International Year of Chemistry, the Indian Society of Chemists and Biologists organized its 15th International Conference on 'Bridging Gaps in Discovery and Development: Chemical and Biological Sciences for Affordable Health, Wellness and Sustainability' at Hotel Grand Bhagwati, in association with Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India. Anamik Shah, President of the Indian Society of Chemists and Biologists, was organizing secretary of the conference. Nicole Moreau, President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Secretary General of the Comité National de la Chimie, National Centre for Scientific Research France, was chief guest of the function. The four-day scientific program included 52 plenary lectures, 24 invited lectures by eminent scientists in the field and 12 oral presentations. A total of 317 posters were presented by young scientists and PhD students in three different poster sessions. Approximately 750 delegates from India, the USA, UK, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, Japan and other countries attended the conference. The majority of the speakers gave presentations related to their current projects and areas of interest and many of the talks covered synthesis, structure-activity relationships, current trends in medicinal chemistry and drug research.

Investigation of corrosion enhanced erosion of carbon steel in slurries using nanoindentation

When cathodic protection is applied, there is no impact of slurry chemistry on either the erosion behaviour of carbon steel or the in situ surface hardness. Anodic dissolution of the steel surface reduces the surface hardness and promotes erosion. The corrosion enhanced erosion behaviour is slurry chemistry dependent. The erosion wastage in acidic slurries is much higher than that in neutral and alkaline ones. The effect of slurry chemistry on corrosion enhanced erosion behaviour correlates well with surface hardness degradation as determined using nanoindentation technique. The increase in surface hardness degradation in acidic chemistry is greater than that in neutral and alkaline ones, in which there is similar surface hardness reduction. The results suggest that both corrosion current density and electrolyte chemistry affect the mechanical properties of surface layers, which leads to corrosion enhanced erosion.Lorsque l’on applique la protection cathodique, il n’y a pas d’impact de la chimie de la suspension soit sur le comportement à l’érosion de l’acier au carbone, soit sur la dureté de la surface in situ. La dissolution anodique de la surface de l’acier réduit la dureté de la surface et favorise l’érosion. Le comportement à l’érosion augmentée par la corrosion dépend de la chimie de la suspension. Les pertes dues à l’érosion dans les suspensions acides sont beaucoup plus élevées que dans les suspensions neutres ou alcalines. L’effet de la chimie de la suspension sur le comportement à l’érosion augmentée par la corrosion est bien corrélé à la dégradation de la dureté de la surface, telle que déterminée par la technique de nanopénétration. L’augmentation de la dégradation de la dureté de la surface en milieu acide est plus importante que dans les milieux neutres ou alcalins, où il y a une réduction similaire de la dureté de la surface. Les résultats suggèrent que la densité du courant de corrosion et la chimie de l’électrolyte affectent tous deux les propriétés mécaniques des couches de surface et cela mène à l’érosion augmentée par la corrosion.

Frontiers of Chemistry in Paris

On May 21, a Friday before a long weekend in most European countries, a symposium will take place at which 10 illustrious speakers, including four Nobel Laureates, will discuss some of the current frontiers of chemical research (see Table 1). As the symposium celebrates the 10th anniversary of ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem, the lectures naturally focus on the interfaces of chemistry with physics, biology, and medicine. This focus should, however, be inspiring for every chemist regardless of whether his or her own research deals with synthetic organic or theoretical inorganic chemistry or any other spezialised field. The symposium should be particularly attractive to PhD students and postdocs, who can also present posters. While the symposium itself is only a one-day event, the posters will be available online for a three-month period. Gerhard Ertl Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity Michel Orrit Nano-optics: A Window on Structure and Dynamics at Molecular Scales Marc Fontecave From Enzymes to Nanocatalysts: The Case of Hydrogenases Alan R. Fersht Tumour Suppressor p53: From Structure to Drug Discovery Michael Grätzel Molecular Photovoltaics and Mesoscopic Solar Cells Roger Y. Tsien Breeding and Building Molecules for Imaging Nicolas Winssinger Translating Instructions into Function by Self Assembly Luisa De Cola Nanomaterials: Properties, Assemblies and Biomedical Applications Ada Yonath The Ribosome: The Remnant of an Ancient Translation Apparatus Jean-Marie Lehn From Supramolecular Chemistry towards Adaptive Chemistry As ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem are published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe (which comprises 14 European chemical societies including the Société Chimique de France, SFC), the symposium has been organized by all three associations (with the help of LDO, a professional organizer of scientific conferences). The venue is most fittingly the Maison de la Chimie in the heart of Paris (Figure 1). The moderate registration fee covers coffee breaks and a buffet lunch. Are you interested? Then please go to http://www.chembiophyschem.org for more information. Maison de la Chimie. I look forward to seeing you in Paris! 1

Editorial: Frontiers of Chemistry in Paris

On May 21, a Friday before a long weekend in most European countries, a symposium will take place at which 10 illustrious speakers, including four Nobel Laureates, will discuss some of the current frontiers of chemical research (see Table 1). As the symposium celebrates the 10th anniversary of ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem, the lectures naturally focus on the interfaces of chemistry with physics, biology, and medicine. This focus should, however, be inspiring for every chemist regardless of whether his or her own research deals with synthetic organic or theoretical inorganic chemistry or any other specialized field. The symposium should be particularly attractive to PhD students and postdocs, who can also present posters. While the symposium itself is only a one-day event, the posters will be available online for a three-month period. Gerhard Ertl Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity Michel Orrit Nano-optics: A Window on Structure and Dynamics at Molecular Scales Marc Fontecave From Enzymes to Nanocatalysts: The Case of Hydrogenases Alan R. Fersht Tumour Suppressor p53: From Structure to Drug Discovery Michael Grätzel Molecular Photovoltaics and Mesoscopic Solar Cells Roger Y. Tsien Breeding and Building Molecules for Imaging Nicolas Winssinger Translating Instructions into Function by Self Assembly Luisa De Cola Nanomaterials: Properties, Assemblies and Biomedical Applications Ada Yonath The Ribosome: The Remnant of an Ancient Translation Apparatus Jean-Marie Lehn From Supramolecular Chemistry towards Adaptive Chemistry As ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem are published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe (which comprises 14 European chemical societies including the Société Chimique de France, SFC), the symposium has been organized by all three associations (with the help of LDO, a professional organizer of scientific conferences). The venue is most fittingly the Maison de la Chimie in the heart of Paris (Figure 1). The moderate registration fee covers coffee breaks and a buffet lunch. Are you interested? Then please go to http://www.chembiophyschem.org for more information. Maison de la Chimie. I look forward to seeing you in Paris!1 Peter Goelitz

Editorial: Frontiers of Chemistry in Paris

On May 21, a Friday before a long weekend in most European countries, a symposium will take place at which 10 illustrious speakers including four Nobel Laureates will discuss some of the current frontiers of chemical research (see Table 1). As the symposium celebrates the 10th anniversary of ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem, the lectures naturally focus on the interfaces of chemistry with physics, biology, and medicine. This focus should, however, be inspiring for every chemist regardless of whether his or her own research deals with synthetic organic or theoretical inorganic chemistry or any other specialised field. The symposium should be particularly attractive to PhD students and postdocs who can also present posters. While the symposium itself is only a one-day event, the posters will be available online for a three-month period. Gerhard Ertl Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity Michel Orrit Nano-optics: A Window on Structure and Dynamics at Molecular Scales Marc Fontecave From Enzymes to Nanocatalysts: The Case of Hydrogenases Alan R. Fersht Tumour Suppressor p53: From Structure to Drug Discovery Michael Grätzel Molecular Photovoltaics and Mesoscopic Solar Cells Roger Y. Tsien Breeding and Building Molecules for Imaging Nicolas Winssinger Translating Instructions into Function by Self Assembly Luisa De Cola Nanomaterials: Properties, Assemblies and Biomedical Applications Ada Yonath The Ribosome: The Remnant of an Ancient Translation Apparatus Jean-Marie Lehn From Supramolecular Chemistry towards Adaptive Chemistry As ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem are published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe (which comprises 14 European chemical societies including the Société Chimique de France, SFC), the symposium has been organized by all three associations (with the help of LDO, a professional organizer of scientific conferences). The venue is most fittingly the Maison de la Chimie in the heart of Paris (Figure 1). The moderate registration fee covers coffee breaks and a buffet lunch. Are you interested? Then please go to http://www.chembiophyschem.org for more information. Maison de la Chimie. I look forward to seeing you in Paris! 1

Frontiers of Chemistry in Paris

On May 21, a Friday before a long weekend in most European countries, a symposium will take place at which 10 illustrious speakers including four Nobel Laureates will discuss some of the current frontiers of chemical research (see Table 1). As the symposium celebrates the 10th anniversary of ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem, the lectures naturally focus on the interfaces of chemistry with physics, biology, and medicine. This focus should, however, be inspiring for every chemist regardless of whether his or her own research deals with synthetic organic or theoretical inorganic chemistry or any other specialised field. The symposium should be particularly attractive to PhD students and postdocs who can also present posters. While the symposium itself is only a one-day event, the posters will be available online for a three-month period. As ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem are published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe (which comprises 14 European chemical societies including the Société Chimique de France, SFC), the symposium has been organized by all three associations (with the help of LDO, a professional organizer of scientific conferences). The venue is most fittingly the Maison de la Chimie in the heart of Paris (Figure 1). The moderate registration fee covers coffee breaks and a buffet lunch. Are you interested? Then please go to http://www.chembiophyschem.org for more information. I look forward to seeing you in Paris! Gerhard Ertl Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity Michel Orrit Nano-optics: A Window on Structure and Dynamics at Molecular Scales Marc Fontecave From Enzymes to Nanocatalysts: The Case of Hydrogenases Alan R. Fersht Tumour Suppressor p53: From Structure to Drug Discovery Michael Grätzel Molecular Photovoltaics and Mesoscopic Solar Cells Roger Y. Tsien Breeding and Building Molecules for Imaging Nicolas Winssinger Translating Instructions into Function by Self Assembly Luisa De Cola Nanomaterials: Properties, Assemblies and Biomedical Applications Ada Yonath The Ribosome: The Remnant of an Ancient Translation Apparatus Jean-Marie Lehn From Supramolecular Chemistry towards Adaptive Chemistry Maison de la Chimie. 1

Editorial: Frontiers of Chemistry in Paris

On May 21, a Friday before a long weekend in most European countries, a symposium will take place at which 10 illustrious speakers, including four Nobel Laureates, will discuss some of the current frontiers of chemical research (see Table 1). As the symposium celebrates the 10th anniversary of ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem, the lectures naturally focus on the interfaces of chemistry with physics, biology, and medicine. This focus should, however, be inspiring for every chemist regardless of whether his or her own research deals with synthetic organic or theoretical inorganic chemistry or any other specialized field. The symposium should be particularly attractive to PhD students and postdocs, who can also present posters. While the symposium itself is only a one-day event, the posters will be available online for a three-month period. Gerhard Ertl Reactions at Surfaces: From Atoms to Complexity Michel Orrit Nano-optics: A Window on Structure and Dynamics at Molecular Scales Marc Fontecave From Enzymes to Nanocatalysts: The Case of Hydrogenases Alan R. Fersht Tumour Suppressor p53: From Structure to Drug Discovery Michael Grätzel Molecular Photovoltaics and Mesoscopic Solar Cells Roger Y. Tsien Breeding and Building Molecules for Imaging Nicolas Winssinger Translating Instructions into Function by Self Assembly Luisa De Cola Nanomaterials: Properties, Assemblies and Biomedical Applications Ada Yonath The Ribosome: The Remnant of an Ancient Translation Apparatus Jean-Marie Lehn From Supramolecular Chemistry towards Adaptive Chemistry As ChemBioChem and ChemPhysChem are published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of ChemPubSoc Europe (which comprises 14 European chemical societies including the Société Chimique de France, SFC), the symposium has been organized by all three associations (with the help of LDO, a professional organizer of scientific conferences). The venue is most fittingly the Maison de la Chimie in the heart of Paris (Figure 1). The moderate registration fee covers coffee breaks and a buffet lunch. Are you interested? Then please go to http://www.chembiophyschem.org for more information. Maison de la Chimie. I look forward to seeing you in Paris!1 Peter Goelitz

Editorial: Crystal‐Clear View of Chemistry

Editorial: Crystal‐Clear View of Chemistry

Ten Years of ChemBioChem: Where Chemistry Meets Life Science

Ten Years of <i>ChemBioChem</i>: Where Chemistry Meets Life Science